简介：物理地理和人的地理是地理科学的主要分支。在地理的物理过程模拟和人的过程模拟两个都是过去常基于精确坚定的参数经过事件并且甚至到预报事件恢复的量的方法。在地理物理进程模拟和人的进程模拟之间有四差别，我们与哪个在中国正在考虑三工业结构的进化的二个特定的盒子，其一个关于台风开发和它的降水，和其它总结它。差别集中于四个方面：研究框架的主要因素；系统的分析框架的知识背景；模拟数据来源和量的方法；并且学习目标和预报申请的方法的核心。因为人陆地的关系是人陆地系统的关键思想方式，在物理、人的因素之间的关系目前正在变得逐渐地靠近。在地理的物理过程模拟和人的过程模拟将展出交叉并且掺未来更好反映各种各样的地理现象。

简介：TheconcentrationsofCd,Cu,Pb,Zn,NiandFeweredeterminedinthesurfacesedimentandmarinegastropodNeritalineatacollectedinMay2005fromtheintertidalzoneofDumai,Sumatera,IndonesiaandJohor,PeninsularMalaysia.TheresultsshowedthatmetalconcentrationsinsedimentandthesofttissueofN.lineatavariedatdifferentsamplingstations.Meanheavymetalconcentrationswere0.92μg/g(Cd);6.40μg/g(Cu);32.77μg/g(Pb);54.41μg/g(Zn);11.56μg/g(Ni)and2.97%(Fe)insedimentfromDumaiand1.15μg/g(Cd);26.73μg/g(Cu);53.45μg/g(Pb);130.77μg/g(Zn);20.79μg/g(Ni)and2.72%(Fe)insedimentfromJohor.ConcentrationsofmetalsingastropodN.lineatawere0.71μg/g(Cd);15.16μg/g(Cu);9.35μg/g(Pb);94.69μg/g(Zn);5.08μg/g(Ni)and397.97μg/g(Fe)insamplesfromDumaiand1.24μg/g(Cd);18.02μg/g(Cu);19.75μg/g(Pb);95.09μg/g(Zn);5.57μg/g(Ni)and473.56μg/g(Fe)insamplesfromJohor.Althoughtheywerenotstatisticallysignificant(p>0.05),heavymetalconcentrationsinN.lineatawerecorrelatedwiththeconcentrationsofrespectivemetalsinsedimentinbothsamplesfromDumaiandJohor.Ingeneral,samplesofsedimentandgastropodfromJohoraccumulatedsignificantlyhigherheavymetalconcentrationswhencomparedtosamplesfromDumai(p<0.05).HigherconcentrationsofmetalswererecordedinsamplescollectedfromthestationsclosetotheindustrialandanthropogenicactivitiesinbothDumaiandJohorareas.However,mostoftheconcentrationswerestillcomparabletothepreviousreportedstudiesfromothergeographicalareas.

简介：AfieldstudywasperformedatriversinGunungJeraiforestreserve(Kedah,Malaysia)toassessseasonalchangesinmayflycommunitystructureandabundanceinrelationtoaltitudeandwaterphysicochemistry.Riversatlower(BatuHamparRiver)andhigher(TeroiRiver)elevationswerevisitedthroughdryandwetseasonsinSeptember2007toAugust2008.Monthlyvisitsweremadeto20sitesoneachriver,andwaterandaquaticinsectsweresampledusingD-pondaquaticnets.Waterwaswarmer,moreacid,andmoreturbidinTeroiRiverduringwetseason.Ammoniawastheonlynutrientexhibitingsignificantseasonalvariations(greaterduringwetseason).ChemicaloxygendemandcontentwashigherinTeroiRiverwherebiochemicaloxygendemandcontentwaslowduringwetseason.SpeciesrichnesswashigherinBatuHamparRiver,butdisplayedseasonalvariationsonlyinTeroiRiver.Amongtheeightfamiliesencountered,Baetidaewasthecommonest.Baetidabundancewasusuallyhighduringwetseason,andthosebelongingtothedominantgenus(Baetis)weremoreabundantinTeroiRiver.Heptageniidaewasthesecondcommonestfamily;itspredominantgenus,ThalerospyruswasmoreabundantinTeroiRiverduringdryseason.Caenidae,LeptophlebiidaeandOligoneuriidaewereonlyfoundinBatuHamparRiverwheretheirabundancespeakedduringdryseason,i.e.,Habrophlebiodessp.andIsonychiasp.EphemerellidaeandTeloganodidaeoccurredonlyinTeroiRiver,withthefirstfoundonlyduringdryseason.Mayflieswererecordedunderverydistinctphysicochemicalconditions,illustratingtheirpotentialusefulnessforassessingwaterquality.Caenids,leptophlebids,oligoneuridsephemerellidsandteloganodidsseemtobeparticularlysensitivetotemperature,acidity,turbidity,chemicaloxygendemandandbiochemicaloxygendemand,parametersthatvariedwithriveraltitude.