简介:利用1979—2016年北疆冬季49个气象站日降水资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料(0.5°×0.5°),对北疆冬季降水的时空特征、水汽输送及环流形势进行研究。结果发现,北疆冬季降水的水汽输送通道有2条:地中海-黑海-里海-咸海-巴尔喀什湖-北疆为西方路径,红海-波斯湾/里海南侧-巴尔喀什湖-北疆为西南路径,其中以西方路径为主。500hPa高纬高(低)压、西伯利亚瞬变低压(高压)和伊朗高原脊(槽)的异常活跃促使北疆一致降水偏多(少),500hPa斯堪的纳维亚半岛正(负)距平、西伯利亚-伊朗高原负(正)距平的活跃和地中海低压槽(高压脊)的异常活跃导致北疆西北部降水偏多(少),500hPa巴尔喀什湖西南侧西南-东北负(正)距平的活跃和西伯利亚正(负)距平的活跃造成北疆西部降水偏多(少),其中全区降水一致型是北疆降水的主要分布型。
简介:海洋法上半闭海的名称来自于地理学概念,内容是闭海论对海洋自由论的局部反击。半闭海体现的是区域海洋治理,而非全球治理;半闭海要求进行区域多边治理,而非双边治理;半闭海制度倡导区域全面治理,与海洋自由论存在制度冲突。尽管《海洋法公约》中的半闭海条款呈现定位高、制度新的特征,仍属于倡导条款。从地中海、加勒比海的实践来说,半闭海的区域治理是专业化海洋治理的配角,区域渔业管理组织正在主导半闭海生物资源的养护与管理,海上共同开发正在分化半闭海所追求的区域治理。从中国的立场出发,我国应倡导并参与半闭海国际合作,反对域外大国滥用海洋自由,以双边共同开发促进半闭海合作,警惕邻国间的不当开发。
简介:Webuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosimulatethedisturbanceofthestressfieldnearthereversefaultinZhaziao,LeyiTownshipowingtohydraulicfracturing.Theporepressure,andshearandnormalstressesduringfracturingareanalyzedindetail.Inputrockmechanicsparametersaretakenfromlaboratorytestdataofshalesamplesfromthestudyarea.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatafter16hoursoffluidinjection,thepore-pressurevariationcanactivatethereversefault,i.e.,weobservereverseslip,andtheshearstressanddisplacementonthefaultplaneincreasewithtime.Thebiggeststress–strainchangeoccursafteronehouroffluidinjectionandtheyieldpointappearsabout0.5hafterinjection.Toobservethestressevolutionineachsection,thenormaldisplacementontheboundaryisconstrainedandthefaultplaneissetasnonpermeable.Thus,theslidingislimitedandthesheardisplacementisonlyinthescaleofmillimeters,andthecalculatedmagnitudeoftheinducedearthquakesisbetweenMw-3.5andMw-0.2.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatfluidwaterinjectionresultsininhomogeneousfracturing.Themainrupturedareasarearoundtheinjectionpositions,whereastheextentofrupturingandcracksinotherareasarerelativelysmall.Nevertheless,nonnegligiblefaultactivationisrecorded.Sensitivityanalysisofthekeyparameterssuggeststhattheporepressureismostsensitivetothemaximumunbalancedforceandtheinternalfrictionanglestronglyaffectsthefaultslip.Finally,thecomparisonbetweentheeffectivenormalstressandthemaximumandminimumprincipalstressesonthefaultplaneexplainsthefaultinstability,i.e.,theMohrcirclemovestowardstheleftwithdecreasingradiusreducesandintersectsthecriticalslipenvelope,andcausesthefaulttoslip.
简介:ThevariationsintheEarth’srotationareimportanttospacedynamictheoryandnaturaldisastersbecausetheyaffectthelength-of-day(LOD)andconsequentlyhumanlives.Weusemaximumentropymethod(MEM),Lombmethod(LOMB),andphasedispersionminimization(PDM)todeterminethenaturalperiodsofequallyspacedLODtimeseries.WetransformtheobservationalmonthlyLODtimeseries(LODM)tounequallysampledseries(LODMD)byremovingeveryfourth,third,andhalfofthetotalsamples.WealsoapplysplineinterpolationtoLODMDtoyieldequallyspacedtimeseries(LODMDN).Theresultssuggestthatregardlessofthetimeseries,theMEMfrequencyis0.1660month^-1and0.0840month^-1,whereasLOMBandPDMyield0.166month^-1and0.083month^-1,respectively.Furthermore,missingdatathatarelessthanhalfofthetotaldataorsplineinterpolationdonotaffecttheanalysis.Fortheamplitude,neithermissingdatanorsplineinterpolationaffecttheanalysis.
简介:利用陕西省自动气象站逐日气温资料、NCEP/NCAR2.5°×2.5°全球再分析资料,对2017年极端高温事件进行分析,研究大气环流异常特征及成因。结果表明:在全球变暖背景下,2017年7月陕西出现的极端高温天气过程,持续时间长、极端高温强,为历史同期罕见。通过对大气环流异常的诊断分析表明,西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)较常年偏强并显著西伸、南亚高压偏东偏北是导致2017年7月陕西出现大范围极端高温天气的直接原因。垂直下沉运动较常年异常显著,副高中心强烈的晴空辐射和深厚的下沉增温作用使整层气温持续偏高。水汽通量异常表现为北风通量,不利于水汽输送和降水天气形成,湿度条件较常年差,造成了陕西的高温少雨天气。