初中英语作文如何开头和结尾

初中英语作文如何开头和结尾

赵四存

云南省玉溪市江川区前卫中学，

摘要：英语作文在英语教学中占重要地位，但对于初中学生来说却是一个难点，一个好的开头和结尾能够为文章增色添辉，但学生在英语作文中存在许多问题，本文分析学生作文的开头存在的问题，针对其问题给出有效性应对策略，即开头和结尾写作的技巧，对于学生结尾常用的句型能够让学生作文锦上添花。

关键词：存在问题、英语开头、英语结尾、常用句型

英语作文是很多学生的软肋，在写作中，尤其是作文的开头和结尾学生总是存在许多问题。如何让自己的英语作文更加出彩吸睛？英语作文的开头和结尾就尤为重要。“Good beginning is half done.”好的开头能为文章增添色彩，它还能提炼中心，完整结构，吸引读者。那么，我们该怎样起笔就让自己成功一半呢? 英语作文的开头方法很多，在此针对记叙文和议论文这两类作文给出下列作文开头和结尾方法和技巧。

一、英语作文开头存在的问题

1.开头偏题，无主题句

有的学生在写作中经常作文开头偏题，在作文开头不能表明主题，没有体现其中心思想。

如：“ Say thanks to my teacher(谢谢我的老师) ”偏题的开头为：Everyone has problems, I also have, but I didn’t give up, because my math teacher.（作文开头没有主题句，没有点明主题）

可以改为：In our lives , there are many people who help and support us. Today I want to say thanks to them. Especially, my English teacher.

2.开头繁琐，语言不简洁

开头语言繁琐，不简洁，没有抓住文章中心。有的学生作文的开头第一段占据了文章的大量篇幅，整篇文章的框架安排不当。

如：My dream 的不当开头为：Everyone has his or her dreams, some want to be teachers, some want to be doctors, some want to be teachers, some want to be singers, others want to be players. I have a dream , my mother wants me to be a scientist, but my farther wants to be a doctor. Do you want to know my dream?(学生的这类开头篇语言繁琐，不够简洁，主要内容“千呼万唤”都不出来，没有开门见山地表明文章的主题)

3. 拓展句开头，无主题句。

主题句主要是表达段落主题的句子，用于概括中心思想，段落大意，表明作者的观点。然后围绕此主题句展开来写拓展句，对主题句以详细说明，扩展句可以是举例、原因、细节等来丰富和阐明中心思想与主题相呼应。

如：“How to learn English well？”的不恰当开头为：First, you should take notes in the English class. Write down what the teacher tells you. Of course, you must listen to the teacher carefully. (这类开头采用拓展句方式开头，是许多学生常犯的错误，他们虽然是用围绕主题拓展来写的细节性句子，但不是主题句，这样的开头，缺乏对细节性的拓展句引领句即主题句，这样的拓展句好比“散兵游勇”)

“How to learn English well？开头可以改为：It’s not difficult to lean English well. I think you can learn English well if you follow my advice.（在第二段在介绍学习英语方法）

二、英语作文开头技巧

　1. 开门见山，点明主题

“开门见山”式开头，即起笔点题，直接陈述事件，或直截了当提出观点，或旗帜鲜明地表明自己的立场和观点。这种方法直截了当，简洁明了，开门见山地点明文章主题，让读者了解文章所讲述的内容或作者观点，适用于记叙文和议论文。

1. 对于叙事类的文章，开头先写主题句，开门见山点明主题，然后在交代人物、时间、事件等。

如“My Vacation(我的假期)”的开头可以是：Last month, I had a happy vacation.（主题句），I went to Beijing with my parents by plane.(交代人物、时间、事件等) Now, let me share it with you.(承上启下)

如：“My Travelling plan(我的旅行计划) ”的开头可以是：I’m going to travel to Beijing with my friends next friends. (开门见山，首句交代主题，含时间、地点、人物、事件等)

如：”My life in Junior Middle School” (我的初中生活)的开头可以是：My life in Junior Middle School was colorful and wonderful.(开门见山点明文章主题) And I have learned a lot.

②. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先旗帜鲜明地阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述，给出自己的观点和论据。

如“Should Children do chores at home?”(孩子应该在家做家务吗？) 的开头可以是：I think children should be do chores at home./ I think it’s important for children to learn to do chores.(开门见山表明作者的观点)

如: “Let’s read More！(让我们多读书！) ”的开头可以是：Reading is very important in our life. We can get knowledge by reading a lot of good books. (开门见山表明作者的观点)

　2．名言开头，导入主题

名言开头即先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点。

如：”Reading makes a full man (读书使人充实)”的开头可以是 "Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.（引用培根的名言开头，点明写作主题）

如：“ How do I relax Myself（怎样放松自己？）”的开头可以是 As saying goes “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. （引用谚语开头，表明作者观点）

3.问题开头，提出观点

用问提式开头，可以引起读者注意，引发读者思考，然后引出话题，提出作者观点，这样就能更好体现文章的中心思想。

如：“Happiness幸福（快乐）”的开头可以是What is happiness? In my opinion, being with friends is happiness, Friends are like sunshine. They warm my heart and light my life.(用问句开头，然后表明作者的观点看法)。

如：“How to keep safe（如何保持安全？）”的开头可以是 Do you know that many dangerous things will happen if we are not careful enough? (问题开头，引发思考)As a student, how to keep safe is very important.（引出作者观点，体现中心思想）

4.修辞开头，雕出“凤头”

在作文开头采用比喻、排比等修辞手法把文章主题表现出来，这样的开头如同“凤头”一般非常靓丽并吸睛出彩。

如：“ Say thanks to my teacher(谢谢我的老师) ”的开头可以是：My school life is coming to the end. I want to thanks to my English teacher. He warmed my heart and light my life.

如：“ My Friend(我的朋友) ”的开头可以是：A life without a friend is a life without a sun. My life is full of sunshine because of my friend.

三. 英语作文结尾技巧

一个漂亮的结尾，能引起读者的共鸣，作文结尾主要是要使文章首尾呼应，结构完整，结尾段一定要紧扣主题，升华内容，结尾还要简洁明了，切记语言冗长繁琐，一般结尾有以下几种方法。

1.概括总结，深化主题

对文章用简洁的语言进行概括总结，并深化文章主题。一般的常用句型或短语有：

In short, In a word, All in all, At last, Finally…

如:“How to keep safe(如何保持安全)”的概括性结尾可以是：Life is important. We should learn something about self-protection so that we can protect ourselves well.或者结尾可以是：In short, safety must come first!

如：“Good habits make me healthier(好习惯使我健康)”的概括结尾，深化主题可以是：In a word, good habits help me live a healthier life.

如： “I like reading（我喜欢阅读）”的结尾可以是： In a word, reading books can make my life colorful, I will read more books to improve myself in the future.

2. 抒情结尾，点出题旨

结尾可以用一两句的议论或抒情，表达出事情的意义，点明文章的主题。

如：“I did it(我做到了)”的抒情结尾可以是：I did it! Everyone loved my speech. I was so proud of my self.（简短的三句话，既表达了文章主旨，也用抒情方式，表达了作者自己的感受：自己做到了，为自己感到骄傲）

如：“Helping others(帮助别人)”的结尾可以是：I like helping others. Helping others makes me happy.(帮助别人使我开心，点出题旨)

3首尾呼应,画龙点睛

在文章的结尾,把含义较深的话放在末尾,以点明主题,深化主题,起到画龙点睛的效果.

如：“I want to be a dancer”的结尾可以是：I believe if I put my heart into it, I can be a famous dancer one day.

如：My Last Summer Vacation(我的上个暑假)”的结尾可以: What great fun I had in my last summer vacation.(利用感叹句首尾呼应，起到了画龙点睛的作用)

如: “Saying thanks to my English Teacher(谢谢我的英语老师)”的开头可以是：Thank you, my dear teacher,! The love and support from you will be with me forever.

4.问句结尾，引发共鸣

用于结尾的问句,可以为一般疑问句，特殊疑问句或否定疑问句。采用问句结尾，引发作者共鸣，引起读者深思。

如 :"Should Children Should Do Housework at home?" (孩子应该做家务吗?) 的结尾。 Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree? 或者可以用What’s your opinion?

如: “My school life(我的校园生活)”的结尾可以是：How about your school life?

5. 表明方向,激励读者

结尾表示对未来的展望和期待,或号召倡议读者一起加入行动。

如：“My favorite sport(我最喜欢的运动)”的结尾可以是：Doing shorts makes me energetic, confident and active. Let’s do sports and enjoy a healthy lifestyle.

如：”Let’s go green(让我们一起保护环境)”的结尾可以是：Going green is very important. Let’s work together to create a greener world from now on.

如：Making a holiday play” 的结尾可以是：So this is my holiday play. I’m sure I will have a happy and meaningful holiday.(表达期望)

如：“The life Needs Music(生活需要音乐)”的结尾，Enjoy music. Enjoy life.(

四．结尾中采用的句型有：

1. 表达愿望、观点等的句型I hope/I wish/I’m sure/ I think/ I believe…

如： “Helping each other makes the world wonderful(相互帮助让世界精彩)的结尾可以是：I hope everyone can take an active part in helping others. Let’s make our world filled with love together.

2. 号召、倡议Let’s +…

如：“How to be a greener person(怎样成为环保卫士)”的结尾：Let’s do something to protect our environment.

3. 感叹句句型结尾：How +形容词/副词+主+谓！或者What + 形容词+名词+主+谓！

如：

4. It’s +名词/形容词+to do sth.

如: “reading—A good habit” 的结尾： It’s time for us to have our good reading habit now!

5.if /when/because 等从句

如：“How to Learn Together as a Team(如何进行小组学习)” 的结尾是：If we do these, we will become much happier. I hope everyone has a sense of teamwork and grows up together.

6.祈使句： V.

如：”I like reading(我喜欢阅读)”的结尾：Enjoy reading. Enjoy life.(用祈使句的排比句结尾，简洁，升华主题，使文章锦上添花)

如：“How to Develop Good Learning Habits(如何养成好的学习习惯)”的祈使句开头可以是： Remember these suggestions and follow them. Then you’ll find it not so hard to study well.

7. not only…but also…不但…而且

如：“My English Teacher(我的英语老师)”的结尾可以是：My English teacher is always happy to help us. She is not only a good teacher but also a friend and a mother.

8.表达观点：In my opinion “以我的观点来看”

如：In my opinion, students should use smart phones wisely. And it’s necessary for them to take part I more outdoor activities.

9. The +比较级+主+谓，the +比较级+主+谓 “越……就越……”

如：“ My favorite subject—English（我最喜欢的学科—英语）”的结尾可以是：Now the more I learn English, the easier it is for me master it.

10谚语结尾：

如：“My dream(我的梦想)”的结尾可以是： As saying goes: “Where there is a will, there’s a way”. I’m sure my dream can come true if I try my best to my study.

总之，英语作文要出彩，它靓丽的开头和结尾是必不可少的。

就是说开头要美丽精巧、新颖贴切，让阅卷者“一见钟情”，产生一种必欲读之而后快的感觉。因此，下笔之前一定要精心构思、反复琢磨，务求精工。在中考作文中扮好文章的“凤头”，一定会让文章增色增辉，从而得到高分甚至满分。