市西初级中学
摘要:读后仿写是锻炼学生英语语言基本功的有效方式,有助于增强学生的谋篇布局的能力。课本中的阅读材料是初中生获得语言知识的最肥沃的土壤。
关键词:牛津英语,阅读,写作,读写结合
写作作为一项综合技能,过程漫长。学生语言运用能力的提高在于平时的训练和积累。写作中,若要充分表达自己的思想,掌握足够的词汇、句型是必备的条件和前提。可以这么说,课本中的阅读材料是初中生获得语言知识的最肥沃的土壤。牛津课本里每个单元的Reading板块的文体涉及各种基本素材,呈现形式也多种多样,有记叙文、说明文、应用文、对话、诗歌等各种体裁。我们常用的读写结合的写作形式有:仿写、缩写、续写、改写和读后主题写作。
读后仿写是锻炼学生英语语言基本功的有效方式,不仅可以提高学生的构段能力,而且有助于增强学生的谋篇布局的能力。仿写分为内容仿写和结构仿写。内容仿写是根据单元话题,进行相关内容的写作,旨在通过对阅读语篇的模仿,巩固词汇、句式,利用单元提供的语言知识和语料内容进行写作,对输入部分进行对应的输出,达到学以致用的目的。内容仿写是提高写作能力的一种重要手段。学生可以通过仿写学习词组、句子、段落,甚至篇章。在阅读文本中使用的词汇和句型都是学生以后写作的“资源库”,教师在课堂教学中,要引导学生善于发现这些资源,把它内化成自己的语言积累,从而进行有效的语言输出。
具体请看6A Unit4 Jobs读写结合(分层)训练活动设计介绍。
6A Unit 4 What would you like to be?
P29 Writing: What would you like to be?
这一页教材内容主要由 “Read a poem”读一首小诗, “About you”写一首小诗和 “Make”张贴全班小诗等三块内容组成的。文本中主要需要操练的结构是“would like to be”和“that’s what I would like to be”,后者是对前者的重复和强调。其对应的教学目标8“能够根据框架结构和提示,写一篇介绍自己梦想工作的作文”,也是我们本单元的教学“重难点”之一。
【活动设计一(呼应单元教学目标8)】
活动描述:先通过文本阅读了解小诗的基本句式,然后在小组中用问答和记录的形式获取相关信息,用于诗节的仿写。
语用目标:能使用would like to提问和回答,再用because, That’s what/why...重复强调事物/理由
活动流程:
1.学生先读一首小诗 “What would you like to be?”,two verses(两个诗节),各四行。在跟读诗歌的时候,教师设法让同学们注意两个诗节在人称上的不同,分别是第一和第三人称。
2.将学生分成4人小组,3人用诗歌中的句型互相提问(-- What would you like to be? -- I would like to be a pilot. That’s what I would like to be.),A问B,B问C,C问A。另外1人D记录组员的未来工作。
3.根据记录员提供的人名及其对应的工作信息,小组成员分工,在任务单上完成诗歌各节的仿写工作,第一节由记录员完成,其他三节由各提问者分别完成。
A possible version: (Andy(记录员)=fireman; Joe=policeman; Susan=teacher; Alice=doctor)
What would you like to be? What would you like to be? I would like to be a fireman. That’s what I would like to be. | What would Susan like to be? What would Susan like to be? She would like to be teacher. That’s what she would like to be. |
What would Joe like to be? What would Joe like to be? He would like to be a policeman. That’s what he would like to be. | What would Alice like to be? What would Alice like to be? She would like to be a doctor. That’s what she would like to be. |
将学生分成4人小组,在上述活动的基础上,3人用类似诗歌中的句型互相追问(-- Why would you like to be a policeman? -- I would like to be a policeman because I want to make our city a safe place. That’s why I would like to be a policeman.),A问B,B问C,C问A。另外1人D记录组员的梦想工作和缘由。
根据记录员记录的各人梦想工作及其理由等信息,小组成员分工在任务单上完成诗歌各节的仿写工作,第一节由记录员完成,其他三节由各提问者分别完成。
A possible version: (Andy(记录员)=fireman; Joe=policeman; Susan=teacher; Alice=doctor)
Why would you like to be a fireman? Why would you like to be a fireman? I would like to be a fireman because That’s why I would like to be a fireman. | Why would Susan like to be a teacher? Why would Susan like to be a teacher? She would like to be a teacher because That’s why she would like to be a teacher. |
Why would Joe like to be a policeman? Why would Joe like to be a policeman? He would like to be a policeman because That’s why he would like to be a policeman. | Why would Alice like to be a doctor? Why would Alice like to be a doctor? She would like to be a doctor because That’s why she would like to be a doctor. |
【个性化设计】对于英语基础相对较弱的同学,仅凭“梦想工作+理由”等信息凭空撰写一节诗歌也是颇有难度的,可以将以上活动设计成为填空形式,印在任务单的反面,供这类同学自主选择:
A possible version: (Andy(记录员)=fireman; Joe=policeman; Susan=teacher; Alice=doctor)
记录员: ________ would you like to be ________? ________ would you like to be ________? I would like to be ________ because _______________. ______________ I would like to be ________. | 提问者: ________ would ________ like to be ________? ________ would ________ like to be ________? ________ would like to be ________ because ________________. ________________ would like to be ________. |
仿写结束,可以请小组成员分角色按顺序朗读各自的诗节。
在这个性化活动中,同学们有了诗歌大致框架的帮助,可以有效降低仿写中语法难度,将精力集中在补充信息的准确性和表述原因的逻辑性上。
活动反馈:
通过组员间的提问调查信息避免了纯机械语言训练,加入了有意义的成分,帮助同学们用不同人名、人称和职业来巩固would like to等结构。
活动说明:
该活动属于输出活动,是小组学习环节,帮助学生巩固目标知识点。
牛津课本里阅读文章的主题涉及的内容丰富多彩,与学生的实际生活息息相关,包括“未来梦想、课外生活、家庭亲情、日常生活、文明礼仪、环境保护、旅游指南、兴趣爱好、饮食健康和文娱体育”等,给英语写作提供了大量的内容话题。每个单元都围绕一个话题展开。内容仿写比较典型的单元有:7BUnit6, About the seasons,Listen and say部分中的素材呈现了与春天相关的词汇和描述感受的两个关键句型,为学生描写季节提供了极佳的仿写素材。可以让学生用Brainstorm的形式展开想象,找出跟春天有关的单词和词组,同时引入关键句型:What does spring make you think of? It is + adj. + to do sth.,鼓励学生对其他季节展开讨论,丰富他们有关这一话题的词汇和短语储备,为之后的写作做好准备。学生完成习作(Spring is my favourite season)后,同伴评价时,教师引导学生关注作文中是否正确运用了课文中所学词汇、短语和句式表达,反过来可以提升同学们在阅读过程中捕捉材料的关键词句的意识和举一反三的能力。内容仿写帮助学生在初中低年级养成所学即所用的意识,为高年级的写作打下基础。
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