简介:Fifty-sevenstations(48gridstationsandninestratifiedstations)weresampledacrossthestudyregion(67.000°–88.394°N,152.500°–178.643°W)duringthe4thChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition(CHINARE4)fromJulytoAugust2010bytheicebreakerR/VXuelong.Atotalof24speciesofHydromedusaewereidentifiedfrom130zooplanktonsamples,ofwhichsevenspeciesbelongedtoAutomedusa,eightspeciestoAnthomedusae,fourspeciestoLeptomedudae,andthreespeciestoSiphonophora.CatablemamulticirratumKishinouye,1910,BougainvilliabitentaculataUchida,1925,andEuphysajaponica(Maas,1909)wererecordedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea.Inthepresentpaper,18speciesofHydromedusaeweredescribedandillustrated,ofwhichthreespeciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea,and15speciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeinChina.
简介:Thegrowth,biochemicalcontentandbioaccumulationquantityof2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenylether(BDE-47)inSkeletonemacostatumwerestudiedunderdifferentN:Pratios(1,4,16,64and128).AllcellularbiochemicalcontentsofS.costatumpresenteddecreasingtrendovercultivationtime.Atearlystageofcultivation,thecellularprotein,carbohydrateandlipidinS.costatumpresentedhighervaluesintreatmentsofN:P=4and16.However,theywerelowerinthesetreatmentsatthelatestage,buthigherintreatmentsN:P=1and128.Similarly,BDE-47levelspercellofS.costatumwerehigherintreatmentsofN:P=4and16atearlystageofcultivation,whichwere3.8and3.7ng(106cells)-1,respectively.Atthemiddlestageofcultivation,theBDE-47levelperS.costatumcelllowered;anditfurtherreducedinthetreatmentsofN:P=4and16atthelatestagewiththevalues0.6and0.5ng(106cells)-1,respectively.However,itroseinN:P=128,reachingupto2.3ng(106cells)-1.ComparedwithBDE-47percell,BDE-47peralgalvolumeunderdifferentN:Pratiosdidnotpresentobviousdifference.ThequantityBDE-47accumulatedpercellofS.costatumwaspositivelycorrelatedwithprotein,carbohydrateandlipidpercell;meanwhile,theBDE-47pervolumehadapositivecorrelationwithbiochemicalcontentpervolume.ThevariationofbioaccumulationabilityofBDE-47inS.costatumcanbeexplainedbybiochemicalchangesduetoN:Pratios.
简介:Acomprehensivestrengthmonitoringsystemusedonafixedjacketplatformispresentedinthispaper.Thelong-termmonitoringofW-11-4Aplatformachieved.Structuralresponses(strainandacceleration)atselectedlocations,aswellasassociatedenvironmentalparameters,havebeenobtained.Theemphasisofthepaperisplacedonthesystemdesign,andtheinstrumentationandoperationmethodologyemployedinthemonitoringofthestructuralresponses.Theperformanceofthesystemandthecharacteristicresultsobtainedduringits13-monthoperationarealsosummarized.
简介:Thispaperpresentsthedetaildesignconditions,designcriteriaandmethodsaswellasdesignconclusionsoftheprocess,structureandcorrosionoftheproductionflowlinesandhighpressurewaterinjectionlinesinBZ34-2/4oilfieldinBohaiBay.AtpresentthisdesignrepresentsthedesigncapabilityandlevelinthefieldofthesubmarinepipelineengineeringofChina.
简介:Onthebasisofthetemperatureobservationsduring1961-2000inChina,sevencoupledgeneralcirculationmodels'(GCMs)extremetemperatureproductsareevaluatedsuppliedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange's4thAssessmentReport(IPCC-AR4).Theextremetemperatureindicesinusearefrostdays(FD),growingseasonlength(GSL),extremetemperaturerange(ETR),warmnights(TN90),andheatwavedurationindex(HWDI).Resultsindicatethatallthesevenmodelsarecapableofsimulatingspatialandtemporalvariationsintemperaturecharacteristics,andtheirensembleactsmorereliablethananysingleone.Amongthesevenmodels,GFDL-CM2.0andMIROC3.2performancesaremuchbetter.Besides,mostofthemodelsareabletopresentlineartrendsofthesamepositive/negativesignsastheobservationsbutforweakerintensities.Thesimulationeffectsaredifferentonanationwidebasis,with110°Nasthedivision,east(west)ofwhichtheeffectsarebetter(worse)andthepoorerovertheQinghai-TibetanPlateauinChina.Thepredictionsforthe21stcenturyonemissionsscenariosshowthatexceptdecreasesintheFDandETR,otherindicesdisplaysignificantincreasingtrend,especiallyfortheindicesofHWDIandTN90,whichrepresentthenotableextremeclimate.Thisindicatesthatthetemperature-relatedclimateismovingtowardstheextreme.Inthelate21stcentury,theGSLandTN90(HWDI)increasemostnotablyinsouthwestChina(theQinghai-TibetanPlateau),andtheFDdecreasemostremarkablyintheQinghai-TibetanPlateau,northwestandnortheastofChina.ApartfromSouthChina,theyearlychangerangeoftheextremetemperatureisreducedinmostofChina.
简介:Astheexplorationandexploitationofoilandgasproliferatethroughoutdeepwaterarea,therequirementsonthereliabilityofdynamicpositioningsystembecomeincreasinglystringent.Thecontrolobjectiveensuringsafetyoperationatdeepwaterwillnotbemetbyasinglecontrollerfordynamicpositioning.Inordertoincreasetheavailabilityandreliabilityofdynamicpositioningcontrolsystem,thetripleredundancyhardwareandsoftwarecontrolarchitecturesweredesignedanddevelopedaccordingtothesafespecificationsofDP-3classificationnotationfordynamicallypositionedshipsandrigs.Thehardwareredundantconfigurationtakestheformoftriple-redundanthotstandbyconfigurationincludingthreeidenticaloperatorstationsandthreereal-timecontrolcomputerswhichconnecteachotherthroughdualnetworks.Thefunctionofmotioncontrolandredundancymanagementofcontrolcomputerswereimplementedbysoftwareonthereal-timeoperatingsystemVxWorks.Thesoftwarerealizationoftaskloosesynchronization,majorityvotingandfaultdetectionwerepresentedindetails.Ahierarchicalsoftwarearchitecturewasplanedduringthedevelopmentofsoftware,consistingofapplicationlayer,real-timelayerandphysicallayer.ThebehavioroftheDP-3dynamicpositioningcontrolsystemwasmodeledbyaMarkovmodeltoanalyzeitsreliability.Theeffectsofvariationinparametersonthereliabilitymeasureswereinvestigated.Thetimedomaindynamicsimulationwascarriedoutonadeepwaterdrillingrigtoprovethefeasibilityoftheproposedcontrolarchitecture.
简介:Outerdensefibersarespecificsubcellularcomponentsofmammalspermflagella,apartfromtheaxonemeanditsassociatedproteins.Asoneoftheouterdensefiberscomponents,ODF3isessentialfortheformationofmammalspermflagella.Inthepresentstudy,weisolatedtheOdf3gene,1033bpinlength,fromZhikongscallopChlamysfarreri,whichwasnamedasCf-Odf3.ItwaspredictedthatCf-Odf3encodesaproteinof240aminoacidswhichcontains5discontinuousPro-Gly-Prorepeats.TheCf-Odf3transcriptsweredetectedinbothtestisandovaryofC.farreriatvariousstagesthroughqRT-PCR.TheCf-ODF3proteinsynthesizedbyprokaryoteswaspurifiedusingNi2+-NTAaffinitychromatographyandusedtoproduceitspolyclonalantibody.TheantibodyproductwaseffectiveandspecificaswasexaminedbyWesternblotting.TheCf-Odf3transcriptandCf-ODF3proteinwerelocatedinintragonadalsomaticcells(ISCs),spermatogoniaandspermatocytesofC.farreritestes,whilenotranscriptionofCf-Odf3andsynthesisofCf-ODF3weredetectedinspermatidsandspermatozoa.ThelocationofOdf3expressionisdifferentfromthatofvertebrateswhereODF3issynthesizedspecificallyinspermatidsandspermflagella.Moreover,theCf-Odf3expressionwasalsodetectedinISCs,oogoniaandoocytesofthescallopovaries.OurfindingrevealedadifferentcharacteristicofOdf3expressionbetweenscallopandvertebrates,whichimpliedthatCf-Odf3playedaroleinthegametogenesisofC.farreri.
简介:EvolutionaryevidencesuggeststhatSox3,amemberofthehigh-mobility-group(HMG)familyoftranscriptionfactors,isanancestralprecursorofSryandisinvolvedinsexdeterminationsimilartoSry.However,thereislimitedinformationregardingtheSOX3geneoftheblackrockfish(Sebastesschlegeli).Inthisstudy,wefirstisolatedSOX3genefromthegonadsofS.schlegelibyhomologycloning.Thefull-lengthofS.schlegeliSOX3(SsSOX3)cDNAwas1386bp,comprisinga906-bpopenreadingframe,whichencodesapeptideshowing93.6%and93.9%homologywiththeSox3proteinsofEpinepheluscoioidesandOryziaslatipe,respectively.ComparisonofthecDNAsequenceoftheSsSOX3genewiththecorrespondinggenomicDNAfragmentrevealedthattheSsSOX3geneconsistsofasingleexon.PhylogeneticanalysisdemonstratedtheevolutionaryrelationshipofSsSOX3withotherknownSOXB1genesinfishandtetrapods.ThepromoterregioncontainsbindingsitesofseveraltranscriptionalfactorsthatmightparticipateintheregulationofSsSOX3expression.Quantitativereal-timePCRanalysisindicatedthatSsSOX3wasexpressedinalltheinvestigatedlarvaldevelopmentalstagesfrom1to35daysafterbirthandthelevelofexpressiongraduallydecreasedasthedevelopmentproceeded.SsSOX3exhibitedsexuallydimorphicexpressioninadultgonads,withhighexpressionintheovarybutlowexpressioninthetestis.InsituhybridizationrevealedthatSsSOX3wasstronglyexpressedinoocytesandfollicularcellsofovariesbutslightlyexpressedingermcellsoftesticulartissues.Therefore,thisstudysuggeststhatSsSOX3playsanimportantroleinoogenesisandovarydifferentiationinS.schlegeli.
简介:Combinedmulti-bodydynamicswithstructuraldynamics,anewdiscreteelementwithflexibleconnector,whichisapplicablefor3-Dbeamstructures,isdevelopedinthispaper.Boththegeneralizedelasticcoefficientmatrixoftheflexibleconnectorandthemassmatrixofdiscreteelementmaybeoff-diag-onalinageneralcase.Thezero-lengthrigidelementisintroducedtosimulatethenodeatwhichmultipleel-ementsarejointedtogether.Itmayalsobeeffectivewhentheaxesofadjacentelementsarenotinthesameline.Theexamplesforeigenvaluecalculationshowthatthemodelissuccessful.Itcanbeextendedtothegeometricnonlinearresponseanalysis.
简介:AbundantevidencesofhighersealevelsfromJiangsuandFujiancoastshaveprovedamarinetransgressioneventduring30–40kaBP,suggestingthattherewasastagewithhighsealevelandawarmclimatewhenicesheetsshrankintheNorthernHemisphere.Thedurationof30–40kaBPspannedaperiodinthelateMarineIsotopeStage3(MIS3)andwasinnatureaninterstadialepochduringtheLastGlacialperiodoftheQuaternary.Differentfromtheglacialperiodwithacoldclimate,thismarinetransgressionconsideredasapenultimatehighersealevelduringtheQuaternaryremainsapuzzlethatwhytheevidenceiscontrarytotheQuaternaryglacialtheory.Itisimportanttounderstandsealevelrisefortheseareassensitivelyrespondingtotheglobalchangesinthefuture.Torecognizethekeyissuesonsealevelchanges,theeustaticsealevel(H_S)wasdefinedastheglaciation-climateforcedsealevels,andtherelativesealevelchange(H_R)wasdefinedasthatasealevelrecordwaspreservedinsedimentthatexperiencedmultiplesecondaryactionsoflandandseaeffects.Onthebasisasdefinedabove,weconstructedmulti-levelmodelsofclimate-drivenglacio-eustaticchangesandland-seasystems.Byintegratingdatasetsfromeightboreholecoresandprescribingtheboundaryconditions,wesimulatedthechangesofHSandHRintheEastChinaSeaandsouthernYellowSeaareasinthelateMIS3.Themarinetransgressionstratafromtheboreholecoredatawasidentifiedatca.30mbelowpresentsealevelasaresultofthecollectiveinfluenceoficemeltingwater,neotectonicsubsidence,sedimentcompactionandterrestrialsedimentfillingsinceca.35kaago,whereasthesimulatedrelativesea-levelsturnedouttobe–26.3––29.9ma.s.l.Thesmallerrorinvolvedinthesimulationresultsof±(2.5–4.5)mdemonstratedthecredibilityoftheresults.OurresultsindicatedthatsealevelchangeinthelateMIS3wasdominatedbyglacialeffects,inwhichtheeustaticsea-levelwasbetween–19.2�
简介:FattyacidcompositionsoftwostrainsofmarinediatomsNitzschiaclosterium(MACCB222)andChaetocerosgracilis(MACCB13)havebeenexamined.ThemicroalgaehavebeengrownatdifferentinitialNaNO3concentrations(75,375,750,1125,1500,1875mg/L)andharvestedatthelateexponentialphase.TheresultsbyonefactoranalysisofvarianceshowthattheNaNO3concentrationshavenosignificantinfluenceontherelativegrowthrateoftwostrainsofmarinediatoms;theinfluenceofNaNO3concentrationsonthefattyacidsdiffersfromspeciestospecies.Themajorfattyacidsoftwodiatomstrainsare14:0,16:0,16:ln-7and20:5n-3(EPA),B13alsohashighpercentageof20:4n-6(6.0~9.1%).
简介:有不同规模的很多海底的山崩在Liwan3-1气体地的海底的管道线路的峡谷区域被识别了。仍然有许多机会,海底的斜坡失败将发生,并且下列集体运动将介绍大风险给海底的管道。鉴于这,一个数字预言方法基于Eulerian-Eulerian二阶段的流动模型被介绍模仿潜在的海底的山崩的集体运动。滑动土壤和周围的水被Herschel-Bulkley流变学模型和牛顿的液体模型分别地模仿。骚乱用k-模型被模仿。与两个相比实验数据并且是结果,二阶段的流动模型显示出好精确性,并且它的结果是更多关门到实际状况;在土壤和周围的水之间的动态联合能有效地被模仿,hydroplaning和头分开的现象能被获得。最后,潜在的海底的山崩的土壤运动作为一个例子被模仿,根据在峡谷区域的地震侧面。结果证明hydroplaning发生在运动过程期间。二阶段的流动模型计算的刺杀距离是877m,它是27.1%比是大结果。然而,土壤的山峰前面速度是相对的小,与8.32m/s的最大的价值。是有一个简单、快速的过程的节目能被用于初步的评估,当二阶段的流动模型为一个精确评价是更适当的时。
简介:Atime-domainmethodisappliedtosimulatenonlinearwavediffractionaroundasurfacepiercing3-Darbitrarybody.ThemethodinvolvestheapplicationofTaylorseriesexpansionsandtheuseofperturbationproceduretoestablishthecorrespondingboundaryvalueproblemswithrespecttoatime-independentfluiddomain.AboundaryelementmethodbasedonB-splineexpansionisusedtocalculatethewavefieldateachtimestep,andthefreesurfaceboundaryconditionissatisfiedtothesecondorderofwavesteepnessbyanumericalintegrationintime.Anartificialdampinglayerisadoptedonthefreesurfacefortheremovalofwavereflectionfromtheouterboundary.Asanillustration,themethodisusedtocomputethesecond-orderwaveforcesandrun-uponasurface-piercingcircularcylinder.Thepresentmethodisfoundtobeaccurate,computationallyefficient,andnumericallystable.