简介：Thepapermainlydiscussedtheinclusionsandthepurityofmoltensteelandcontinuouscastingslabintapping,argon-bubbling,LFrefining,VDvacuumdegassingandcontinuouscastingtundishprocessesduringthesteelmaking.Atthesametime,theimprovementmeasuresofsmeltingprocesswereindicated.Si-Al-BaalloyandCa-Sideoxidationeventuallywereadoptedin120tconverter.Theamountofthetappingwasabout135t.AfterfeedingAlwireandaddingpremeltedslaginfurnace,pickedupthesampleafterthebottomargon-bubblingwhichhadbeendoneforover5minutes.Thelime,fluorite,calciumcarbideandAlpowderswereusedtoproducewhiteslaginLF.Thenthealloycompositionswereadjusted.FeedingCawireafterthetreatment,andtookoutover5minutes’softconverting.TheVDvacuumdegassingshouldbekeptfor15minutesbellow1.5torr.Afterthat,Cawirecouldbefed.Finally,castingtheslabintothesizeof260mm×2280mm.Theresearchshowed:（1）Inconverterprocedure,thedephosphorizationeffectturnedoutgoodwhentheratioofdephosphorizationwas88.2%.Thefinaloxygenandnitrogencontentssatisfiedthedemand,andtheeffectsofthefinalcontrolandbottom-blowingweregood.（2）DuringtheLFrefiningprocess,thenitrogenseldomadded.Itshowedtheexcellentsealingeffectandtheoptimizationoftechniquesonoperatingwhichhadreachedthedomesticleadinglevel.（3）AftertheVDvacuumdegassingprocess,theSi,Mn,P,O,Ncontentswerealmoststeady.Thesulphurcontentkeptdecreasingto0.003%andthe[H]contentwas1.9ppm.Theeffectofthevacuumdegassingprocesswasgood.（4）Theoxygencontentwascontrolledat11ppminthecontinuouscastingprocess,andthenitrogencontenthadincreasedto53ppmwiththeΔ[N]28ppm.Therefore,inordertopreventthemoltensteelfromreoxidization,theprotectionofthecontinuouscastingshouldbecontrolledrigorously.（5）TheinclusionsthatexistedbeforetheLFrefiningprocessweremostlyMnO-Al2O3-SiO3compositeinclusions

简介：Inordertoresearchthetemperaturedistributionandmechanicaldeformationofslabbulgingduringhighspeedcontinuouscasting,mathematicalmodelshavebeendevelopedtoanalyzethethermalandmechanicalbehavioroftheslab.Thethermalhistoryoftheslabhasbeenpredictedbyatwo-dimensionaltransientfiniteelementheattransfermodel,whoseresultsserveastheinputtothestressmodel.Thestressmodelhasbeenformulatedforatwo-dimensionallongitudinalplane.Inthiscase,themaximumtensilestrainduringthebulgingprocessislocatedatthesolidificationfrontjustpastthetopoftheupstreamroll,whichmaycontributetocrackformation.Themaximumtensilestressesarelocatedatthecoldsurfaceinthemiddleofthetwoback-uprolls,justatthepointofthemaximumbulging.Stressesnearthesolidificationfrontaresmallbecauseofthehightemperatureswhichproducelowerelasticmodulusvalues.Finally,theeffectofthecastingspeedonthebulgingdeformationisdiscussed.

简介：Theprocessesoffineironorereducedinfluidizedbedhavebeenreviewedinthispaper,thesuperioritiesandlimitationsoftheprocessesofdirectreduction,pre-reductioninfluidizedbedhavealsobeencomprehensivelyanalysed,whichmatcheswithbathsmeltingfurnaceorcokebedtypefurnace.Theanalysishasalsobeenmadeonseveralcontroversialtopics,andthegasuseratiohasbeenpointouttobethekeyofthecompetitionofthereductionprocessinfluidizedbed.Thesuitabilitywithfinalreductionfurnaceisalsoimportanttotheenergysavinginthewholesmeltingreductionprocess.

简介：Hot-rolledgalvanizedsteelsheetismadefromhot-rolledpickledsheetbycontinuoushot-dipgalvanizingprocess.Withoutthecold-rollingprocess,itgreatlyreducestheoperatingcostsandsavesinvestmentforshorterprocessandlowerenergyconsumption.Theeconomicadvantageisobvious.Thecharacteristicsofhigh-yieldandlowcostwillgreatlyenhancethecompetitivenessofenterprisesinthemarket.Therearebigdifferencesbetweenthesubstratesofhot-rolledgalvanizedsteelsheetandcold-rolledgalvanizedsteelsheetinsurfaceroughness,chemicalelements,andsurfacedefects.Thesefactorsdirectlyaffectonthequalityofgalvanizedsheet.Picklingprocessisusedtoremovetheoxidelayerwhichisformedonthesurfacesofhot-rolledsteelsheet.Thesurfacesmustbethoroughlycleanedfortheoxidelayerwillseriouslyaffecttheadhesionofgalvanizedcoating.Residualimpurities,Carbonconcentratingandotherproblemsmustnotbecausedduringpicklingaswell.Therefore,thequalityofgalvanizingdependsonthequalityofpickledsheetsurfaces.ExperimentalmethodssuchasAES,XPS,SEM,OMareemployedduringtheresearchfordetailedanalysisontheeffectsofhot-rolledplatesandhotpicklingplatesonthequalityofhot-rolledgalvanizedproducts.

简介：Thisstudydiscussesthekeyfactorslimitingtherateofpulverizedcoalinjection(PCI)inblastfurnaces(BF),whilethepracticeandexperiencesofBaosteel'sBFproductionwithhighproductivityandlowfuelconsumptionarealsoanalyzed.AmethodologybasedontechnologicalanalysisforachievingareasonablePCIrateisproposed.ItisemphasizedthathighBFproductivityshouldberealizedatthemaximumboshgasindexbasedonahigherblasttemperatureandtheexcellentqualityofrawmaterials,aswellasahighblastvolumeandmeltingstrength.

简介：Baosteeldevelopedadigitalautomaticanalysistechniqueformaceralspecificationin2002.Thisanalysissystemcombinesdigitalimageprocessing,graphics,databases,expertsystems,artificialintelligenceandotheradvancedtechnologies.After6yearsofapplicationincokeproduction,thesystemproveditselfsuccessfulincoalqualitytestingandcoalblendingguidanceonmaceral.However,duringthislongprocess,someinadequacieswerefoundthatimpactedtheprecisionandaccuracyoftheanalysis.So,in2008Baosteelbegantoworkonimprovingthecoalmaceralanalysissystem.Theimprovementsincludedthefollowing:furtherupgradingandenhancingtheanalysisperformanceofmicroscopicimages;extendingthegraylevelstoincreasethereflectancemeasurementaccuracy64times;changingthefocusmethodandeffectivelyeliminatingtheinterferenceofhalo.Inaddition,animprovedimagerecognitionmethodwasadoptedtomaketheextractionofvitrinitemoreaccurateandanewmodelofcoalconstituentalgorithmwasaddedwhichcanaccuratelydeterminethecompositionofmaceral(exinite,vitrinite,inertinite).Sincetheseimprovementswerecompleted,thesystemhasachievedhigherautomation,speedandaccuracy,collectedmoreinformationandperformedmoreaccuratemaceralanalysisforcokeproduction.Meanwhile,theimprovedsystemhasprovidedareliableanalyticalbasisforthefurtherstudyontherelationshipbetweencokequalityandcoalblending.

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简介：Increasingproductioncapacityandoperatingrate,reducingfuelratesandcostsofhotmetal(HM)aretheurgenttasksfortheCOREXprocess.Inthisstudy,thevariousfactorsonthefuelconsumptionofCOREXareresearchedfromthetheoreticalanalysisbasedonthecalculationsofmaterialbalancesandheatbalances.CombinedwiththeproductionperformancesandpracticesofCOREX-2000(Saldanha,India)andCOREX-3000(Baosteel),thetechnicalmeasuresofreducingthefuelrateareanalyzedandthewayforwardoftechnicalinnovationisaddressedanddiscussedwiththestandpointoftheCOREXprocessimprovement.

简介：MaterialFlowAnalysis（MFA）isacrucialinstrumentforsustainabledevelopmentandcreatingindustrialecologysystem.MFAstudiescouldbalanceandanalyzethesources,flows,andconsumesofspecificmaterialsorsubstances.TheresultsofMFAstudiescouldsupportthestrategiesordecisionsmakingforenergy,resource,andwastemanagement,especiallyachievingsustainableresourcemanagement.AtCSC,thedynamicsimulatingsoftware,STELLA,isusedtodevelopaMFAmodelforscenarioanalysis.CSCalsousesthefreewareSTAN2.0asatoolforvisualizingandsimulatingmaterialflowsandstocks.CasestudiesofgreenhousegasesMFAforintegratedsteelworksareconducted.Theresultsshowedthatthecarboncontentofhot-metalisanimportanthiddenflowforbalanceanalysis,andthedifferentGHGemissionscenariosandmitigationactionscenariosareassessed.Inaddition,theIron-makingGHGI/OMFAModel,basedonworldsteelGlobalSteelSectorApproach（GSSA）,isdevelopedforcalculatingtheCO2andenergyintensityofcokemaking,sintering,andBFprocesses.ThisMFAmodelwasusedtoanalyzetheCO2reductionpotentialforiron-makingprocess.ThecasesconductedforMFAapplicationsatCSCweresuchasgreenhousegas,zinc,etc.Inthefuture,CSCisgoingtodevelopa'CSCEnvironmentManagementandDecisionSupportingSystem'whichcombineMFA,LCA（lifecycleassessment）,andenvironmentriskassessment.Thissupportingsystemexpectstopromotingenergyefficiencyandbestresourceuse,supportingenvironmentpolicymaking,creatingenvironmentalinformationvalue,etc.

简介：Inthispaper,themechanicsofstripedgecracksanditspropagationhasbeenstudied,andtheeffectsofstripedgedropandstressintensityfactor(SIF)onedgecrackdefectionsduringcoldrollingofthinstriphavebeendiscussed.Anexperimentalinvestigationwaspresentedintotheeffectofstripedgedroponedgecracksduringcoldrollingofthinstrip.Theedgecrackincreasessignificantlyduetomoreinhomogeneousdeformationandworkhardeningatthestripedge.Theeffectivestressintensityfactorrangeisimportantasitrepresentsthemajorphysicalcauseofthecrackpropagation.TheefficiencyandreliabilityoftheSIFanalyticalmodelhasbeendemonstratedinthestudy.Theproposedmethodforpredictingstripedgecrackishelpfulinproducingdefect-freeproductsandprovidinganunderstandingofthemechanicsofedgecrackpropagationincoldrollingofthinstrip.

简介：309Lisakindofausteniticstainlesssteel.Thispaperdiscusses309L,whichwassmeltedandrolledinalab.Itsmicrostructuralcharacteristicsinstatesofas-cast,hot-rolling,cold-rollingandsolidsolutionwereinvestigatedrespectivelybyopticalmicroscope(OM).Itisfoundthat309Liscomposedofausteniteandresidualδ-ferriteundertheseconditions,andtheδ-ferritecannotbeeliminatedeasilybyheat-treatment.Itshotplasticityanddeformationresistancewereinvestigatedinaseriesofheatsim...

简介：Inthisstudy,a600MPahot-rolledcorrosion-resistantsteelplateproducedbyaspecificcompanyisinvestigated.Edgejaggeddefectsandedgesurfacedefectsgeneratedonbothsidesofthestripduringproductionarecharacterizedandanalyzed.Theresultsindicatethatthedistributionofreoxidationgranulesislocatedunderneaththesurfacepeelandthatcopper-containinggranulesdiffusealongaustenitegrainboundaries.Thisphenomenoncombinedwiththechemicalcompositionandproductionparametersofastripindicatethatcopperbrittlenessleadstoedgejaggeddefects.However,thesurfacedefectsshouldbeattributedtoinherentdefectsonthesurfaceofthestrip.Measuresthatpreventsurfaceoxidationandcoppersegregationatgrainboundarieswouldlikelyeliminatethesetwotypesofedgedefects.

简介：IncombinationwiththeprocesstechnologyandequipmentatTangsteelColdRollingMill’s3~#galvanizedline,themechanismofdefect-formationofthestripsurfaceinthehotdipgalvanizedcoatinghasbeenanalyzed.Throughaseriesofreformabouttechnologyandequipmentgoodsolvedthedefectshasbeenfocusedoninthispaper.Thestripsurfacequalityinthehotdipgalvanizedcoatinghasbeenimprovedalot.

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简介：Themicrostructuralcharacteristicsandformabilityattheedgesoflowcarbonpickledsteelsheetshavebeeninvestigatedbasedonthegenerationofearingandcrackingdefectswhiledrawing.Themicrostructureoftheedgefeaturescoarsegrainsandmixedsizedgrains.Thestrengthofthesheetedgeisslightlylowerthanthatatthecenter.Besides,theformabilityisobviouslyworsened.Theplasticstrainratiosalongthelongitudinalandtransverseorientationsare0.31and0.6,respectively,withdistinctanisotropy.Theplasticstrainratioattheedgeisobviouslylowerthanthatatthemiddleofthesteelsheet.Theobservedmicrostructuralcharacteristicsandmechanicalpropertiesattheedgeofthesteelsheetcanbeattributedtothelowerrollingtemperatureinthetwo-phaseregionofpro-eutectoidferriteandaustenite.Thesedifferencesinmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesattheedgeofthesteelsheetleadtothegenerationofearingandcrackingdefectswhiledrawing.Themicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesattheedgeoflowcarbonpickledsteelsheetscanbeimprovedviatheoptimizationoftherollingprocessandtheadjustmentofchemicalcomposition.

简介：CO2emissionofthesteelindustrytakesupagreatproportionofthetotalemissionoftheworld.ItisnecessarytoreducetheCO2intensityofsteelproductsinordertosaveenergy,protecttheenvironmentandkeepasustainabledevelopmentinthesteelindustry.Basedontheresearchofsteelproducts'lifecycleinventory,thosewhoconductedthisresearchhavefocusedontheanalysisofCO2emissionfactorsandmeasures.Adoptingthelifecycleinventorymodelofacertainsteelmakingsite,togetherwiththeTornadoChart,theresearchershaveidentifiedsignificantfactors,providedsomeexplanation,andsuggestedsomepossiblemeasurestoreduceCO2emission.TheresultshaveshownthatthemostimportantfactorsaretheCO2intensityofblastfurnacegas(BFG),hotmetalratioofbasicoxygenfurnace(BOF)andthematerialutilizationefficiency.Accordingly,somemeasuressuchasremovingCO2inBFG,decreasingthehotmetalproportioninBOF,andimprovematerialutilizationefficiencyineachprocess,maybetakentodecreaseCO2emission.

简介：Inrecentyears,manyNi-containingmaterialsmanufacturedfromlateritehaveplayedasignificantroleinsupportingtherapiddevelopmentofthestainlesssteelindustryinChina.Currently,pyrometallurgyisthemainprocessforlateritesmelting,whereblastfurnacesareemployedtomakeNi-containinghotmetal.Withtheaimofgivingsomereferencesformakinggooduseoflaterite,technicalandeconomicanalysiswasconductedinthispaper,basedonthediscussionofthekeytechnologiesofNi-containinghotmetalproductionwithlaterite(50.4%Fe)inblastfurnaces.

简介：ThecausestotheoutersurfacefoldingdefectsinN80-Qoilcountrytubulargoods(OCTG)wereinvestigatedthroughtheobservationofthedefects’morphology,microstructureandtheanalysisofthechemicalcompositions.Itisbelievedthatthedefectwasresultedfromtheintrinsicflawsthatoriginallyexistedonthebillet;theywereextendedandoxidizedduringthefollowingreheatingandrollingprocesses.Withmorestrictqualitycontrolandinspectionofthebillet,thedefectcanbepreventedeffectivelyfromoccurring.

简介：Thispaperpresentsaconstitutiveframeworkforfiniteelementanalysisofthetruckbeamendcuttingprocess.Forthispurpose,afinitestrainanisotropicelasto-plasticmodel,whichtakesnonlinearkinematicandisotropichardeningintoaccount,ispresented.Threefactorsareinvestigatedtodeterminetheeffectoncuttingquality:radiusofcuttingtools,strengthofmaterialsandrelativeclearanceincutting.Therecommendationsmadehereinarebasedonthesimulationresults.

简介：BasedontheABAQUSexplicitdynamicsimulationplatform,thefiniteelementmodelofsinglestandmillwithrestrainedmandrelwasadoptedtoresearchtheinfluenceofmandrel-rollervelocityratio(MRVR),mandrelfrictionandtensionbetweenstandsonrollingforce.TheanalysisresultsshowthatwhentheMRVRislowerthan1,therollingforceincreasesobviouslywiththeincreaseofMRVRandreachesthepeakvaluewhentheMRVRisabout1.TherollingforceincreaseinducedbytheMRVRincreaseisthemainreasonoftheformationofthebulgedefectonthetubeheadandtailattheenteringandexitingstageduringtubecontinuousrollingprocessbyfullfloatingmandrelmill,whichcanbeintensifiedbytheincreaseofmandrelfrictioncoefficient.Therollingforcedecreaseswiththeincreaseoftension.Asthetensionislarger,therollingforcedecreaseamplitudeislarger.Theinfluenceofbackwardtensiononrollingforceisgreaterthanthatofforwardtensiondistinctly.TensioncontrolcanbeusedtodecreasetherollingforceincreaseinducedbytheMRVRincrease,whichisimposingtensionatthesametimewhentheMRVRincreases,inordertoimproveeveneliminatethebulgedefect,andenhancethetubedimensionprecision.