简介：AbstractBackground:Few studies have assessed the relationship between multimorbidity patterns and mortality risk in the Chinese population. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns and examined the associations of multimorbidity patterns and the number of chronic diseases with the risk of mortality among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.Methods:We used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank and included 512,723 participants aged 30 to 79 years. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more of the 15 chronic diseases collected by self-report or physical examination at baseline. Multimorbidity patterns were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Cox regression was used to estimate the associations of multimorbidity patterns and the number of chronic diseases with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Results:Overall, 15.8% of participants had multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age and was higher in urban than rural participants. Four multimorbidity patterns were identified, including cardiometabolic multimorbidity (diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension), respiratory multimorbidity (tuberculosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), gastrointestinal and hepatorenal multimorbidity (gallstone disease, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, peptic ulcer, and cancer), and mental and arthritis multimorbidity (neurasthenia, psychiatric disorder, and rheumatoid arthritis). During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up, 49,371 deaths occurred. Compared with participants without multimorbidity, cardiometabolic multimorbidity (hazard ratios [HR] = 2.20, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.14-2.26) and respiratory multimorbidity (HR= 2.13, 95% CI:1.97-2.31) demonstrated relatively higher risks of mortality, followed by gastrointestinal and hepatorenal multimorbidity (HR= 1.33, 95% CI:1.22-1.46). The mortality risk increased by 36% (HR= 1.36, 95% CI: 1.35-1.37) with every additional disease.Conclusion:Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and respiratory multimorbidity posed the highest threat on mortality risk and deserved particular attention in Chinese adults.

简介：摘要目的确定超声引导0.5%罗哌卡因股神经阻滞时，按股神经横截面积用药的半数有效剂量(ED50)。方法选择拟行髌骨骨折切开复位内固定术或髌骨骨折内固定取出术患者，ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级，BMI 20～30 kg/m2，年龄18～64岁，性别不限。超声引导下定位股神经，测量股神经横截面积，根据面积注射0.5%罗哌卡因，采用Dixon序贯法进行试验，起始剂量为0.22 ml/mm2，相邻剂量差值0.02 ml/mm2。阻滞有效标准：神经阻滞30 min内膝关节前面皮肤、小腿内侧面和足背内侧缘皮肤均无痛觉和Brunnstrom运动功能评定法为1～3级。若以上神经分布区有1处存在痛觉即认为神经阻滞无效。出现7个有效和无效交替波终止研究。采用Probit法计算ED50及其95%可信区间。结果27例患者纳入研究，股神经横截面积(75±5) mm2。超声引导下0.5%罗哌卡因股神经阻滞ED50为0.106 ml/mm2，95%可信区间为0.069～0.125 ml/mm2。结论超声引导0.5%罗哌卡因股神经阻滞时，按股神经横截面积用药的ED50为0.106 ml/mm2。

简介：摘要目的确定混合右美托咪定时0.5%罗哌卡因用于超声引导股神经阻滞按股神经横截面积用药的ED50 。方法选择行髌骨骨折切开复位内固定术或髌骨骨折内固定取出术患者，ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级，BMI 20~30 kg/m2，年龄18~64岁，性别不限，采用随机数字表法分为右美托咪定+罗哌卡因组(DR组)和罗哌卡因组(R组)。DR组注射0.5%罗哌卡因+右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg，R组注射0.5%罗哌卡因。超声引导下定位股神经，测量股神经横截面积，根据股神经横截面积注入0.5%罗哌卡因，采用Dixon序贯法进行试验，起始剂量为0.22 ml/mm2，相邻剂量差值为0.02 ml/mm2。阻滞有效标准：神经阻滞30 min内膝关节前侧皮肤、小腿内侧面和足背内侧缘皮肤均无痛觉和Brunnstrom运动功能评定法为1~3期。若以上神经分布区有1处存在痛觉即认为神经阻滞无效。出现7个有效和无效交替波终止研究。采用Probit法计算ED50及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果R组27例患者纳入研究，0.5%罗哌卡因股神经阻滞ED50为0.106 ml/mm2，95%CI为0.069~0.125 ml/mm2。DR组23例患者纳入研究，0.5%罗哌卡因股神经阻滞ED50为0.038 ml/mm2，95%CI为0.011~0.059 ml/mm2。与R组比较，DR组0.5%罗哌卡因股神经阻滞ED50降低(P<0.05)。结论混合右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg时，0.5%罗哌卡因用于超声引导股神经阻滞的按股神经横截面积用药ED50为0.038 ml/mm2。

简介：摘要目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET联合高分辨率CT（HRCT）的预测模型在实性成分比例（CTR）≤0.5早期肺腺癌浸润性鉴别中的价值。方法回顾性分析2011年10月至2019年10月于苏州大学附属第三医院术前行PET-CT及HRCT检查的CTR≤0.5的早期肺腺癌患者91例，包括110个磨玻璃结节（GGN），据病理亚型分为浸润前-微浸润腺癌（MIA）组（22个）和浸润性腺癌（IAC）组（88个）。比较两组GGN的影像特征参数，采用logistic回归方法分别构建HRCT模型及PET-HRCT联合模型。应用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析比较不同模型的诊断效能。应用Bootstrap重采样（采样次数=500）方法对模型进行内部验证并进行交互和分层分析。结果IAC组混合性GGN、不规则形状、分叶征、支气管扩张/扭曲/截断征、胸膜凹陷征及血管集束发生的比例显著高于浸润前-MIA组，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。IAC组的结节直径、实性成分直径、实性成分比例、磨玻璃成分CT值（CTGGO）、SUV指数均大于浸润前-MIA组，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。HRCT定量参数中CTGGO的诊断效能最佳，曲线下面积（AUC）为0.775，灵敏度0.580，特异度0.909。HRCT模型及PET-HRCT联合模型的诊断效能（AUC分别为0.907和0.931）均优于CTGGO（AUC为0.775），差异均有统计学意义（P分别为0.027和0.002），但前两者的诊断效能差异无统计学意义（P=0.210）。当特异度同为0.909时，HRCT模型及PET-HRCT模型的灵敏度（分别为0.784和0.875）均较CTGGO（0.580）明显提高，PET-HRCT联合模型对灵敏度的提升更显著。PET-HRCT联合模型在不同结节类型、是否伴有胸膜凹陷、结节直径亚组间交互作用不显著（P均>0.05）。结论PET-HRCT联合模型对CTR≤0.5的早期肺腺癌浸润性有较好的预测价值，用于GGN危险分层可有助于临床制定治疗决策。