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简介：DNAcondensationisanimportantprocessinmanyfieldsincludinglifesciences,polymerphysics,andappliedtechnology.Inthenucleus,DNAiscondensedintochromosomes.Inpolymerphysics,DNAistreatedasasemi-flexiblemoleculeandapolyelectrolyte.Manyagents,includingmulti-valentcations,surfactants,andneutralpoorsolvents,cancauseDNAcondensation,alsoreferredtoascoil–globuletransition.Moreover,DNAcondensationhasbeenusedforextractionandgenedeliveryinappliedtechnology.ManyphysicaltheorieshavebeenpresentedtoelucidatethemechanismunderlyingDNAcondensation,includingthecounterioncorrelationtheory,theelectrostaticzippertheory,andthehydrationforcetheory.Recentlyseveralsingle-moleculestudieshavefocusedonDNAcondensation,sheddingnewlightonoldconcepts.Inthisdocument,themulti-fieldconceptsandtheoriesrelatedtoDNAcondensationareintroducedandclarifiedaswellastheadvancesandconsiderationsofsingle-moleculeDNAcondensationexperimentsareintroduced.

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简介：AdoublehelixmodelofchargetransportinDNAmoleculeisgivenandthetransmissionspectraoffourDNAsequencesareobtained.ThecalculatedresultsshowthatthetransmissioncharacteristicsofDNAarenotonlyrelatedtothelongitudinaltransportbutalsotothetransversetransportofmolecule.Theperiodicsequencewiththesamecompositionhasstrongerconductionability.Withtheincreasingofbasescomposition,theconductiveabilityreduces,buttheweightofθdirectionrisesinchargetransfer.

简介：1、基因位于常染色体上的基因频率的计算[遗传平衡定律（哈代一温伯格定律）]某种基因在某个种群中出现的比例．叫做基因频率。某种基因型个体在一个群体中出现的比例。就叫做基因型频率。怎样才能知道某种基因的基因频率呢？

简介：由直接diagonalizing脱氧核糖核酸酸(DNA)的梯子模型的Hamiltonian分子，状态的密度被获得。DNA作为一个售票员表现，这被发现什么时候内部链跳跃比小两次intrachain不那样，DNA作为一个半导体表现。

简介：Chaosgamerepresentation(CGR)isaniterativemappingtechniquethatprocessessequencesofunits,suchasnucleotidesinaDNAsequenceoraminoacidsinaprotein,inordertodeterminethecoordinatesoftheirpositionsinacontinuousspace.Thisdistributionofpositionshastwofeatures:oneisunique,andtheotherissourcesequencethatcanberecoveredfromthecoordinatessothatthedistancebetweenpositionsmayserveasameasureofsimilaritybetweenthecorrespondingsequences.ACGR-walkmodelisproposedbasedonCGRcoordinatesfortheDNAsequences.TheCGRcoordinatesareconvertedintoatimeseries,andalong-memoryARFIMA(p,d,q)model,whereARFIMAstandsforautoregressivefractionallyintegratedmovingaverage,isintroducedintotheDNAsequenceanalysis.ThismodelisappliedtosimulatingrealCGR-walksequencedataoftengenomicsequences.Remarkablylong-rangecorrelationsareuncoveredinthedata,andtheresultsfromthesemodelsarereasonablyfittedwiththosefromtheARFIMA(p,d,q)model.

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简介：TheDNA-dependentproteinkinasecatalyticsubunit(DNA-PKcs)playsamajorroleinDNAdamagesignalingandrepair,andisalsofrequentlyover-expressedintumormetastasis.WeusedisogeniccelllinesexpressingdifferentlevelsofDNA-PKcstoinvestigatetheroleofDNA-PKcsinmetastaticdevelopment.Interestingly,ourresultsshowedthatX-rayirradiationinducedthemetastasisofDNA-PKcspositive(M059K)butnotnegative(M059J)cells;however,genisteincouldsuppresstheradiation-inducedmetastaticpotentialofM059Kcells(Fig.1).Theconcretemechanismsunderlyingthisphenomenonwillbeinvestigatednextyear.

简介：Heavyionirradiationattractalargeinterestfortwoapplications:radiotherapyandspaceradiationprotectioninmannedspacemissions.ExposuretoheavyionsradiationresultsinmultipleeffectsthroughDNAdamageinduction.Single-cellgelelectrophoresisorcometassayisknownforitsabilitytodetectDNAdamageatthesinglecelllevelandhasbeenusedforyearstoassessDNAdamage.ItcandetectlowlevelsofDNAstrandbreaksinashorttime,justusingafewsamplecells.DNAdoublestrandbreaks(DSBs)aremeasuredattheneutralcometassaycondition;underthealkalinecometassayconditionbothDNAsinglestrandbreaks(SSBs)andpartDSBsaredetected.Thetwodimensionalcometassayisamodificationofthetwooriginalcometassay,cansimultaneouslydetectDNASSBsandDSBsinthesamehumanspermatozoa.

简介：AlterationsinDNArepair,cellcycle,andapoptoticpathwaysareoftenassociatedwithcancerriskandradiationsensitivity.IndividualswithreducedDNAdamageresponsefaceagreatersensitivitytomutagenchallenge.Interindividualvariabilityinmutagenorradiationsensitivityandincancersusceptibilitymayalsobetracedbacktopolymorphismsofgenesaffectinge.g.DNArepaircapacity[1].

简介：Amongthemanyspecialfactorsinthespaceenvironment,spaceradiationespeciallyhighenergyheavyionradiationiswidelyregardedasoneofthecrucialfactorsthathazardthehealthandsafetyofastronaut.Itiswellknownthatbiologicaleffectsofradiationaredependentonthelinear-energy-transfer(LET)oftheemergentbeam.HeavyionshavehighLETandcouldinducecomplexandclusteredDNAdamage,whichismoredifficulttoberepairedthanindividuallesionsandisevenirreparable.

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