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简介：生物的膜为房间生活和水和是必要的。水为许多房间部件的集会和稳定性提供驱动力。这里，我们在phospholipid膜学习水的结构的性质。我们描绘本地结构，检查中间的范围顺序(国际难民组织)并且采用最近Martelli等建议的一个敏感本地顺序度量标准。与完美的冰的结构测量并且分级本地环境的重叠的度。近到膜，水获得一个高国际难民组织并且改变它的动态性质；即，它慢，在一个区域，那从膜在1nm上扩大的自由的翻译、旋转的度连接。令人惊讶地，我们证明在远及从接口的2:5nm的距离，尽管像体积的动力学被恢复，水的IRO在在一样的热力学的条件下面的体积仍然是比那稍微高级的。因此，水膜接口以比经常调用的1-nm长度规模进一步宣传的周围的条件有结构的效果。因而，当分析膜限制的水的试验性的数据时，这应该被考虑并且能帮助我们在生物系统理解水的角色。

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简介：Basedon3DBiot’sconsolidationtheoryandnonlinearDuncan-Chang’smodel,a3DFEM(finiteelementmethod)programisdevelopedconsideringthecouplingofgroundwaterseepageandsoilskeletondeformationduringexcavation.Thecomparisonbetweentheanalysisresultconsideringthevariationofwaterheaddifferenceandthatwithoutconsideringitshowsthattheporewaterpressuredistributionoftheformerisdistinctlydifferentfromthatofthelatterandthatthefoundationpitde-formationsoftheformerarelargerthanthoseofthelatter,sothattheresultwithoutconsideringthevariationofwaterheaddif-ferenceisunreliable.Thedistributionrulesofsoilhorizontalandverticaldisplacementsaroundthepitandexcessporewaterpressureareanalyzedindetailintimeandspace,whichisverysignificantforguidingundergroundengineeringconstructionandensuringenvironmentsafetyaroundthepit.

简介：Bilayermembranesself-assembledfromamphiphilicmoleculessuchaslipids,surfactants,andblockcopolymersareubiquitousinbiologicalandphysiochemicalsystems.Theshapeandstructureofbilayermembranesdependcruciallyontheirmechanicalpropertiessuchassurfacetension,bendingmoduli,andlinetension.Understandinghowthemolecularpropertiesoftheamphiphilesdeterminethestructureandmechanicsoftheself-assembledbilayersrequiresamolecularlydetailedtheoreticalframework.Theself-consistentfieldtheoryprovidessuchatheoreticalframework,whichiscapableofaccuratelypredictingthemechanicalparametersofself-assembledbilayermembranes.Inthisminireviewwesummarizetheformulationoftheself-consistentfieldtheory,asexemplifiedbyamodelsystemcomposedofflexibleamphiphilicchainsdissolvedinhydrophilicpolymericsolvents,anditsapplicationtothestudyofself-assembledbilayermembranes.

简介：Thegoalofthisstudywastodevelopanddesignacompositeprotonexchangemembrane(PEM)andmembraneelectrodeassembly(MEA)thataresuitableforthePEMbasedwaterelectrolysissystem.Inparticular,itfocusesonthedevelopmentofsulphonatedpolyetheretherketone(SPEEK)basedmembranesandcaesiumsaltofsilico-tungsticacid(CsSiWA)matrixcomparedwithoneofthetransitionmetaloxidessuchastitaniumdioxide(TiO_2),silicondioxide(SiO_2)andzirconiumdioxide(ZrO_2).TheresultantmembraneshavebeencharacterizedbyFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy,scanningelectronmicroscopy,ionexchangecapacity(IEC),wateruptakeandatomicforcemicroscopy.ComparativestudiesontheperformanceofMEAswerealsoconductedutilizingimpregnation-reductionandconventionalbrushcoatingmethods.ThePEMelectrolysisperformanceofSPEEK-CsSiWA-ZrO_2compositemembranewasmoresuperiorthanthatofothermembranesinvolvedinthisstudy.Electrochemicalcharacterizationshowsthatamaximumcurrentdensityof1.4A/cm~2wasachievedat60°C,explainedbyanincreasedconcentrationofprotonicsitesavailableattheinterface.

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简介：Westudyoptomechanicallyinducedtransparencyinaspinningmicroresonator.Wefindthatinthepresenceofrotation-inducedSagnacfrequencyshift,boththetransmissionrateandthegroupdelayofthesignalarestronglyaffected,leadingtoaFano-likespectrumoftransparency.Inparticular,tuningtherotaryspeedleadstotheemergenceofnonreciprocalopticalsidebands.Thisindicatesapromisingnewwaytocontrolhybridlight–sounddeviceswithspinningresonators.

简介：制备了以磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇为活性分离层的渗透汽化复合膜并用于乙醇－水混合物的分离。实验结果表明，在进料中乙醇浓度为２０～９５ｗｔ％的范围内，磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇复合膜对乙醇－水混合物中的水均具有很好的渗透选择性，而且，复合膜活性层酯化度对其分离性能具有显著的影响

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简介：Laser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy（LIBS）isananalyticaldetectiontechniquebasedonatomicemissionspectroscopytomeasuretheelementalcomposition.LIBShasbeenextensivelystudiedanddevelopedduetothenon-contact,fastresponse,highsensitivity,real-timeandmulti-elementalde-tectionfeatures.ThedevelopmentandapplicationsofLIBStechniqueinAsiaaresummarizedanddiscussedinthisreviewpaper.TheresearchersinAsiaworkondifferentaspectsoftheLIBSstudyinfundamentals,dataprocessingandmodeling,applicationsandinstrumentations.Accordingtothecurrentresearchstatus,thechallenges,opportunitiesandfurtherdevelopmentofLIBStechniqueinAsiaarealsoevaluatedtopromoteLIBSresearchanditsapplications.

简介：Laser-induceddamageinfusedsilicaopticsgreatlyrestrictstheperformancesoflaserfacilities.Grayhazedamage,whichisalwaysinitiatedonceriapolishedoptics,isoneofthemostimportantdamagemorphologiesinfusedsilicaoptics.Inthispaper,thelaser-inducedgrayhazedamagesoffourfusedsilicasamplespolishedwithCeO_2,Al_2O_3,ZrO_2,andcolloidalsilicaslurriesareinvestigated.Foursamplesallpresentgrayhazedamageswithmuchdifferentdamagedensities.Then,thepolishing-inducedcontaminantandsubsurfacedamagesinfoursamplesareanalyzed.TheresultsrevealthatthegrayhazedamagescouldbeinitiatedonthesampleswithoutCecontaminantandareinclinedtoshowatightcorrelationwiththeshallowsubsurfacedamages.

简介：Inthispaper,blendmembranesfrompolyvinylacetate(PVAc)andblockcopolymerpoly(amide-12-b-ethyleneoxide)(Pebax1074)arepreparedbysolutioncastingandsolventevaporationmethod.Althoughtheyarehomogeneousonamacro-scale,theobservationsfromDSCandSEMindicatemicro-phaseseparationforPVAc/Pebax1074blendmembranes.WiththeincreaseofPebax1074content,gaspermeabilitiesofCO2,H2,N2andCH4allincreasegreatly.PVAc/Pebax1074blendmembraneswithhighPVAccontentareappropriateforCO2/CH4separation.Thetemperaturedependenceofgaspermeabilityisdividedintorubberyregionandglassyregion.Theactivationenergiesofpermeationinrubberyregionaresmallerthanthoseinglassyregion,andtheyalldecreasewithincreasingPebax1074content.ForN2,H2andCH4,theirgaspermeationpropertiesaremainlyinfluencedbythedual-modesorptionandhydrostaticpressureeffect.ButforCO2,itspermeabilityincreaseswiththeincreaseofpressureduetoCO2-inducedplasticizationeffect,whichismoreobviousforPVAc/Pebax1074blendmembraneswithhighPVAccontent.

简介：Novelhierarchicalporouscarbonmembraneswerefabricatedthroughasimplecarbonizationprocedureofwell-definedblendingpolymermembraneprecursorscontainingthesourceofcarbonpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)andanadditiveofpolyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),whichwaspreparedusingphaseinversionmethod.Theas-fabricatedmaterialswerefurtherusedastheactiveelectrodematerialsforsupercapacitors.TheeffectsofPVPconcentrationinthecastingsolutiononstructurefeatureandelectrochemicalcapacitiveperformanceoftheas-preparedcarbonmembraneswerealsostudiedindetail.Astheelectrodematerialforsupercapacitor,ahighspecificcapacitanceof278.0F/gcouldbeattainedatacurrentof5mA/cm2andabout92.90%capacityretentioncouldbemaintainedafter2000charge/dischargecyclesin2mol/LKOHsolutionwithaPVPconcentrationof0.3wt%inthecastingsolution.Thefacilehierarchicalporestructurepreparationmethodandthegoodelectrochemicalcapacitiveperformancemakethepreparedcarbonmembraneparticularlypromisingforuseinsupercapacitor.

简介：Itiswellknownthatvanadiumalloywillfacetostrongneutronirradiationandhydrogenenvironmentsasastructuralmaterialinafusionreactor.Someresearcheshavereportedthatvanadiumalloytookstronglyhardeningafteranexposuretohydrogenenvironmentandirradiationbyneutronatatemperaturelowerthan400℃.Theductilityofthealloywaslostlargely,evenentirelybrittlefractureoccurredsometimesintensionloadingofthealloy.Therefore,it'stogettheknowledgeofthehardeningmechanismandthefracturemechanicalforthepurposetoimprovetheperformancesofthealloyunderthecircumstances.

简介：我们由导致激光的故障光谱学(解放)的炸药的察觉上的最近的工作在这份报纸被考察。我们学习了器官的炸药的导致激光的血浆的物理机制，TNT。在单个光子的刺激下面的TNT的解放系列用MATLAB被模仿。碳，氢，氧，和氮对血浆温度的原子排放线紧张的变化也被模仿。我们也调查普通无机的爆炸、黑粉末的解决时间的解放系列，在二种包围气氛，表情和氩，并且发现黑色的O原子排放线SBR的最大的价值搽粉发生在596ns的门延期。我们的工作的另一个焦点在使用象原则部件分析(PCA)和部分最少的广场判别式分析(PLS-DA)那样的chemometic方法把器官的炸药与象塑料那样的器官的材料区分开来上。为分类的一个PLS-DA模型被造。TNT和塑料的七种类型被选择为样品测试模型。试验性的结果证明解放结合了chemometric技术有能力从塑料区别器官的炸药。

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简介：WeproposeaschemetocoherentlycontrolspinsqueezingofatomicBose-Einsteincondensate（BEC）viathetechniqueofelectromagneticallyinducedtransparency（EIT）.Westudyquantumdynamicsofthemeanspinvectorandspinsqueezing.ItisshownthatthemeanspinvectorandspinsqueezingoftheBECcanbecontrolledandmanipulatedbyadjustingtheexternalcouplingfieldsor/andinternalnonlinearinteractionsoftheBEC.Itisindicatedthatthespinsqueezingcanbegeneratedrapidlyinthedynamicalprocessandmaintainedinalongtimeinterval.ItisfoundthatalargereffectiveRabicouplingbetweenatomsandlaserscanproduceastrongerspinsqueezing,andthesqueezingcanmaintainalongertimeinterval.

简介：OurexperimentsshowthatexternalfocusingandinitiallaserenergystronglyinfluencesfilamentgeneratedbythefemtosecondTi–sapphirelaserinair.Theexperimentalmeasurementsshowthefilamentlengthcanbeextendedbothbyincreasingthelaserenergyandfocallengthoffocusinglens.Ontheotherhand,theplasmafluorescenceemissioncanbeenhancedbyincreasingthelaserenergywithfixedfocallengthordecreasingthefocallength.Inaddition,thecollapsedistancemeasuredexperimentallyarelargerthanthecalculatedonesowingtothegroup-velocity-dispersioneffect.Inaddition,wefindthatthelinewidthsofthespectrallinesfromN2isindependentoffilamentpositions,laserenergiesandexternalfocusing.