简介:摘要目的研究番茄红素(LP)对2型糖尿病大鼠肾功能的保护作用。方法采用高脂高糖饮食加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法制备糖尿病大鼠模型,取60只模型大鼠根据血糖水平随机分为模型对照组,番茄红素(5、10、20mg/kg)治疗组和盐酸二甲双胍(200mg/kg)治疗组,并另取12只同龄大鼠作为正常对照组;每天灌胃给药1次,治疗4周。分别于给药前和给药后第14、28天测定各组大鼠空腹血糖水平;4周后,观察各组大鼠一般状况,并通过HE染色观察肾脏组织病理形态学变化。结果较模型对照组,番茄红素治疗组“三多一少”症状明显减轻;空腹血糖水平显著降低;体重显著升高,肾指数显著降低;尿量显著减少、UPro显著降低,血清中BUN、SCr、UA含量显著降低,肾脏组织病理变明显改善,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论番茄红素对2型糖尿病大鼠肾功能具有剂量依赖性的保护作用。
简介:恶性肿瘤是一类细胞周期疾病,几乎所有癌基因、抑癌基因的生物学效应,最终都会集到细胞周期机制上来。细胞周期蛋白D1(CyclinD1)作用于细胞周期的G1→S期调控点,为G1期的限速步骤。研究CyclinD1与头颈部恶性肿瘤发生发展的关系,对了解头颈部恶性肿瘤的发病机制以及基因疗法的开展提供依据。本文对CyclinD1在头颈部恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用做一综述。
简介:《喉科手术学》2000年出版,2002年第2次印刷。近十年间随着医学技术飞跃发展,喉科手术也在不断更新及创新。为了适应新的形式,人民卫生出版社于2007年出版了《喉科手术学》第2版。此版主要围绕有关保留、改菩喉功能的理论,特别是新发展的手术为主要增修内容,增加了与保留和改善喉功能研究发展相关的喉及喉咽的解剖及生理:增补了保留或改善喉功能的手术、喉显微手术、喉咽癌激光手术、喉返神经单、双侧麻痹及喉手术后喉功能不良新发展的喉功能整复术、喉误吸手术、喉蹼切除术、喉肉芽肿切除术、杓状软骨脱位、骨折和固定的整复术:补充了喉气管狭窄,喉、喉咽和颈食管癌等新的手术方法;充实了甲状腺肿瘤手术,颈淋巴结清扫术内容,
简介:TheGJB2gene(connexin26)hasbeenshowntoberesponsibleforDFNB1andDFNA3.WescreenedtheGJB2genein488patientswithprelingualdeafness(Group1),124withpostlingualdeafness(Group2),and117normalhearingsubjects(Group3).Wefoundthat,inGroup1,65patients(13.32%)werehomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesand51patients(10.45%)carriedasinglepathogenicmutation.The235delCmutationwasthemostfrequentmutation,accountingfor73.22%oftheknownpathogenicallelesinGroup1.NohomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesweredetectedinGroup2orGroup3.Somepostlingualdeafpatients(2.42%)andnormalhearingsubjects(4.27%)were235delCcarriers.Ourpreliminarydataindicatethat235delC,themostfrequentmutationidentifiedinthisstudy,isamajorcauseforprelingualdeafness.
简介:目的构建含有人E2F2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因(pEGFP)的腺病毒载体,为聋病的基因治疗奠定实验基础。方法根据已知的E2F2基因序列设计并合成相应的双链DNA,将其与酶切线性化的pDC315-EGFP载体片段连接,构建穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2,并将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox△E1,3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,同源重组产生重组腺病毒。对重组腺病毒进行扩增、纯化及滴度测定,用聚合酶链反应和测序方法验证穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2穿梭质粒的构建;通过荧光显微镜和Westernblot(蛋白质印迹)方法,分别检测质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2和重组腺病毒表达E2F2蛋白情况。结果经聚合酶链反应鉴定和测序分析,证实穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2与设计一致;经荧光显微镜检测,分别由穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2、重组腺病毒转染的HEK293细胞均可观察到GFP表达;经WesternBlot检测出在72kDa~95kDa处有条特征带,其大小和E2F2-GFP融合蛋白(~76kDa)相吻合;滴度测定为1×1011PFU/ml(PFU,plaqueformingunit,空斑形成单位)。结论成功构建了人E2F2基因重组腺病毒载体,并能在HEK293细胞中表达。
简介:目的氨基糖苷类抗生素的分离和鉴定距今已70多年,对治疗严重革兰阴性菌感染,如肠球菌和结核杆菌感染有着强大的功效。然而,随着氨基糖苷类抗生素用药疗程的延长或(和)剂量的增加往往导致。肾毒性和耳毒性,阻碍了其在临床上的广泛应用。由于非耳毒性抗生素也具有较广的抗菌谱,用于许多系统感染性疾病的治疗,使得曾经作为优先选择使用的氨基糖苷类抗生素逐渐被取代。然而现在,氨基糖苷类抗生素处于一个潜伏的复兴时期,正逐渐用于治疗对大多数一线抗生素耐受生物所引起的严重性感染,如多重耐药结核、复杂性院内获得性急性尿路感染等。氨基糖苷类抗生素使用的增加,再次向科学家和医生提出了挑战,即。肾毒性和耳毒性的问题,尤其该类抗生素导致的耳聋对于具有遗传易感性的患者往往是极重度且不可逆转的。基于这个原因,在过去二十年里,科学家提出了很多种分子治疗策略与氨基糖苷类抗生素导致的耳毒性副作用相抗衡。本文主要概述了:①氨基糖苷类药物杀菌的分子机制,②氨基糖苷类抗生素如何导致具有遗传易感倾向的患者发生耳毒性,③到目前为止,在临床实验和,或临床上已被证明的能阻止和调节氨基糖苷类耳毒性的药物和化合物,④减少氨基糖苷类抗生素剂量来减少耳毒性的发生率。
简介:WehavedeliveredviralvectorscontainingeitherChop2fusedwithGFP,Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2),orHalorhodopsin(HaloR)fusedwithmCherry(toformlightgatedcationchannelsorchloridepumps,respectively),intothedorsalcochlearnucleus(DCN).OnetoeighteenmonthslaterweexaminedtheCNandinferiorcolliculus(IC)forevidenceofvirallytransfectedcellsandprocesses.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasobservedthroughouttheDCN.Rhodopsinlocalizationwithinneuronswasdetermined,withelongate,fusiformandgiantcellsidentifiedbasedonmorphologyandlocationwithintheDCN.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasfoundatboththeinjectionsiteaswellasinregionsprojectingtoandfromtheDCN.LightdrivenneuronalactivityintheDCNwasdependentuponthewavelengthandintensityofthelight,withonlytheappropriatewavelengthresultinginactivationandhigherintensitylightresultinginmoreneuronalactivity.Transfectingcellsviaviraldeliveryofrhodopsinscanbeusefulasatracttracerandasaneuronalmarkertodelineatepathways.Inthefuturerhodopsindeliveryandactivationmaybedevelopedasanalternativetoelectricalstimulationofneurons.
简介:1耳科常用激光激光是继原子能、计算机以及半导体之后,人类的又一重大发明。因其前所未有的高能量、高精确性等特点,激光自发明伊始即被广泛应用于包括临床医学在内的各个领域。在耳科学领域,空间狭小、组织功能脆弱等特征使得耳科手术始终充满了挑战。近年来,随着显微设备、激光设备及手术技术的不断进步,激光技术在耳科学的应用日趋普及并取得了巨大的成功。
简介:MutationsinGJB2genearethemostfrequentlyfoundmutationsinpatientswithnonsyndromichearingimpairment.However,thespectrumandprevalenceofmutationsinthisgenevaryamongdifferentethnicgroups.InChina,30,000infantsarebornwithcongenitalhearingimpairmentannually.Inordertoprovideappropriategenetictestingandcounselingtothefamilies,weinvestigatedthemolecularetiologyofnonsyndromicdeafnessin103unrelatedschoolchildrenattendingNantongSchoolfortheDeafandMuteinJiangsuProvince,China.ThecodingexonoftheGJB2genewasPCRamplifiedandsequenced.SixtytwoGJB2mutantalleleswereidentifiedin35.9%(37/103)ofthepatients.Twentyfivepatientscarriedtwopathogenicmutationsand12patientscarriedonemutantallele.The235delCwasthemostcommonmutationaccountingfor69.4%(43/62)ofGJB2mutantalleles.TheGJB2mutantallelesaccountedfor30.1%(62/206)ofallchromosomesresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairment.Testingofthe3mostprevalentdeleteriousframeshiftmutationsinthiscohortdetected100%ofallGJB2mutantalleles.TheseresultsdemonstratethataneffectivegenetictestingofGJB2geneforpatientsandfamilieswithnonsyndromichearingimpairmentispossible.
简介:ObjectiveToinvestigateGJB2mutationprevalencesintheUigurandHanethnicgroupsinXinjiang,China,anddeterminetherelationshipbetweenethnicityandGJB2genemutations.MethodsInformationregardingethnicityofpatients'familieswasobtainedthroughmedicalrecordsreviewand/orpatientinterview.Bloodsampleswerecollectedfrom61Uigursand66Hansfordirectsequencingofthecodingregionandintron/exonboundariesoftheGBJ2gene.ResultsCarrierfrequencyofGJB2mutationswassimilarbetweentheUigurandHansubjects.TheGJB235delGmutationwasseenonlyinUigurpatientswithhearingloss,whereasthe235delCmutationwasidentifiedinbothUigurandHanpatients.TheallelicFrequencyof35delGmutationwas7.4%(9/122)inUigurdeafstudents,butnoneinHandeafstudents(0/128)andUigurcontrols(0/196).TheallelicfrequencyofGJB2235delCmutationinUigurandHandeafstudentswas5.7%and9.8%,andthatof299-300delATmutationwas0.8%and5.5%,respectively.V27IandE114Gwerethemostfrequenttypesofpolymorphism.ConclusionWefoundanAsian-specificGJB2diversityamongUigurs,andcomparableGJB2contributiontodeafnessinUigurandHanpatients.Thehighcarrierfrequencyof35delGinUigurs(11.5%)isprobablydefinedbygenedrift/foundereffectinaparticulargroup.EventhoughGJB2mutationshavebeenwidelyreportedintheliterature,thisdiscussionrepresentsthefirstreportofGJB2mutationsinChinesemulti-ethnicpopulations.
简介:Aim:Toassessthequalityofhigh-resolutionCTsectionplanes(HRCT),multi-planarreformation(MPR)and3-dimensionalvolumerenderedcomputertomography(3D-CTVR)werehereusedinthefinedifferentialdiagnosisofossicularchaininthecaseofconductivehearinglosswithintacttympanicmembrane.Methods:Here,17casesofotosclerosisand22casesofossicularchaindeformitywereselected.Allpatientshadnormalexternalearcanals,intacttympanicmembranes,conductivehearingloss,typeAtympanograms,andnegativeGelle'stests.Therespectiveradiologicalreportsofthestatusoftheossiclesvia3protocolswerecomparedtosurgicalfindings.Thequantitativeassessmentsoftherepresentationofdifferentsegmentsoftheossicularchainwerebasedona3-pointscoringsystem.Results:MPRandCTVRimagingbothshowedtheintegrityofwholeossicularchainwell.MPRandCTVRimagingwerefoundtobesuperiortosectionplaneswithrespecttoshowingthesuperstructureofthestapesandmalformations(P>0.05).Conclusion:CTVRandMPRimagingwerefoundtobebetterabletoshowthewholeossicularchainintheconductivehearinglosswithnormaltympanicmembranes.Furthermore,theuseofthesetechniquescanhaveprofoundcontributivevalueinthedifferentialdiagnosisofotosclerosisandossicularchainabsenceormalformation.
简介:1喉癌喉咽癌CO2激光手术简史激光是20世纪60年代以来发展异常迅速的新科学技术,可以对生物组织产生强的热作用,从而实现对生物组织的切割、汽化和凝固。将激光技术应用于喉显微外科手术,
简介:目的检测不同年龄大鼠下丘α-氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole—propionicacid,AMPA)受体亚型GluR2/3(Glutmaterecptor2/3)的分布及其与听性脑干反应(auditorybrainstemresponse,ABR)的关系。方法分别测定1,4,9,15周龄SD大鼠ABR反应阈;FITC标记免疫组化方法检测GluR2/3亚型在不同周龄SD大鼠下丘中的分布。结果1周龄SD大鼠检测不到明显的ABR波形.4周龄起能检测到稳定的ABR波形。GluR2/3在不同年龄大鼠下丘神经元中均有表达。1周龄大鼠染色较少,位于胞膜;4周龄时表达强,主要位于胞膜;9周龄时较弱,位于胞膜及胞质;15周龄时可见于胞膜及核周胞质,但胞质较强。4周龄与1、9、15周龄胞膜相比,GluR2/3亚型的表达较强,差异有显著性;1周与9周、15周龄胞膜之间.GluR2/3的表达较弱,差异无显著性。结论出生后GluR2/3在下丘的含量及分布部位均随年龄变化而变化.这种改变可能与下丘的发育相关。
简介:MutationsintheGJB2genearethemostfrequentlyfoundmutationsinpatientswithnonsyndromichearingimpairment.However,themutationspectrumandprevalenceofmutationsvaryamongdifferentethnicgroups.Everyyear,30,000babiesarebornwithcongenitalhearingimpairmentinChina.Inordertoprovideappropriategenetictestingandcounselingtothefamily,weinvestigatedthemolecularetiologyofnonsyndromicdeafnessin135unrelatedschoolchildrenattendingChifengMunicipalSpecialEducationSchoolinInnerMongolia,China.ThecodingexonoftheGJB2genewasPCRamplifiedandsequenced.Inaddition,the12SrRNAgeneandtRNAser(UCN)ofmitochondrialgenomewerescreenedformutationsresponsibleforhearingimpairment.SixtyfourGJB2mutantalleles,including60confirmedpathogenicallelesand4unclassifiedvariants,wereidentifiedin31.1%(42/135)ofthesubjects.Twentytwosubjectscarriedtwopathogenicmutationsand20subjectscarriedonemutantallele,includingonesubjectwithoneautosomaldominantmutation.The235delCwasthemostcommonmutationaccountingfor65.6%(42/64)GJB2mutantalleles.WhencomparedtootherAsianpopulations,oursubjectcohorthadhigherfrequencyof235delCmutationthantheJapanesepopulation.TheGJB2mutantallelesaccountfor23.7%(64/270)ofallchromosomesresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairment.Testingofthe4mostprevalentdeleteriousframeshiftmutations(235delC,299_300delAT,176_191del16,and560_605ins46)inthiscohortdetected90%ofallGJB2mutantalleles.TheseresultsdemonstratethateffectivegenetictestingoftheGJB2geneforpatientsandfamilieswithnonsyndromichearingimpairmentispossibleintheChinesepopulation.Sincethemostcommon309kbGJB6deletionisnotdetectedandonlyone1555A>GmutationinmitochondrialDNAisdetectedinourpatients,investigationofmutationsinothernucleargenesand/orenvironmentalfactorsresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairmentintheChinesepopulationis