简介：Hearinglossisaconditionaffectingmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Conductivehearingloss(CHL)ismainlycausedbymiddleeardiseases.ThelowfrequencyareaisthepivotalpartofspeechfrequenciesandmostfrequentlyimpairedinpatientswithCHL.AmongvarioustreatmentsofCHL,middleearsurgeryisefficienttoimprovehearing.However,variablesuccessratesandpossibleneedsforprolongedrevisionsurgerystillfrustratebothsurgeonsandpatients.Nowadays,increasingnumbersofresearchersexplorevariousmethodstomonitortheefficacyofossicularreconstructionintraoperatively,includingelectrocochleography(ECochG),auditorybrainstemresponse(ABR),auditorysteadystateresponse(ASSR),distortionproductotoacousticemissions(DPOAE),subjectivewhispertest,andopticalcoherencetomography(OCT).Here,weillustrateseveralmethodsusedclinicallybyreviewingtheliterature.

简介：BackgroundThepurposeofotomicrosurgeryinmoderntimesistoachievecompleteremovalofdisease,whichisthebasisforhearingrehabilitation.Artificialossiclesareimportantforhearingrehabilitation.Oneofthematerialsishydroxyapatitethatactsasossicularreplacementprosthesis(HAprosthesis,PORP&TORP)andiscommonlyusedassubstituteboneinclinics.AlthoughHAprosthesesfeaturegoodbiocompatibility,stabilityandcertainresistancetoinfection,thestructureofthematerialcanbedecomposedandabsorbed.Baseduponanimalexperimentsandclinicalapplication,thisarticleexplorestheinfectivityofHAprosthesesandinfluencingfactors.MaterialsandMethodsHAprostheseswereimplantedinthebullainguineapigs.InfectedHAprostheseswereexaminedunderascanningelectronmicroscope.NinetypatientsimplantedwithHAprostheseswerefollowedformorethan3months.Fivecasesthathadundergonerevisionoperationswerereported.ResultsScanningelectronicmicroscopyshowedthatthenormalcompactstructureshaddisappearedandbecomelooseininfectedHAprostheses,withtheirmicroporesinfiltratedwitheffusion,fibroustissueandinflammatorycells.Asaresult,thenormalceramicstructurewasdecomposedandthemicroporesstructuredisappeared.TheinfectedmesotympanuminthereportedcasesalsoledtoHAinfection.Theshapeandstructureofboneweredestroyed,whichwasvisiblebyvisualexaminationandlightmicroscopy.Theprocessofcholesteatomarecurrencewasalwaysassociatedwithinfection,althoughtheHAprosthesiswassometimesspared.ConclusionWhileHAprosthesisisanti-infectivetosomeextent,long-terminfectionandcholesteatomarecurrencecanleadtodestructionanddecompositionofHAprostheses.Long-terminfectedmiddleearcavity,dysfunctionalEustachiantube,residualandrecurrentcholesteatomaandotherfactorscancausedecompositionofHAprosthesisandresultinhearingloss.

简介：Aone-year-oldbabygirlwithone-monthhistoryofrecurrentpusfluidexudingfromherleftpreauricularsinusorifice,whofailedmultiplecoursesofsurgicaldrainageoftheabscessandpersistentdebridementforthewound,presentedwithMRSAinfection.Thepatientwastreatedwithlinezolidforthreedays.Herpainandparesthesiaresolved,andC-reactiveproteindecreasedtonormal.