简介：Thepurposeofthisstudyistodistinguishrespiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV)infectionandimmunologybetweenimmunocompetentandimmunocompromisedmurineandtoexploreimmunemechanismofRSVinfection.AtvarioustimepointsafterRSVinfectionofBALB/cmiceandnudemice,pulmonaryviraltiterswereassayed,RSVantigenwastestedbydirectimmune-fluorescentassayandimmunohistochemistry.PulmonarymRNAexpressionsofTolllikereceptor(TLR)2andTLR4wereassayedbyRT-PCR.CD4+cellsandCD8+cellsinperipheralbloodwereexaminedbyflowcytometryandplasmatotalIgEwasassayedbyELISA.Leukocytesinbronchoalveolarlavagefluid(BALF)andpulmonaryhistologywereidentifiedtoreflectairwayinflammation.ItwasfoundthatRSVtitersofbothmicepeakedonthe3rddaypostinfectionwithamuchhigherlevelofviraltiterinnudemicethaninBALB/cmiceandalongerviraldurationinnudemice(over9dayspostinfection)thaninBALB/cmice(6dayspostinfection).RSVinfectioninducedhigherviralantigenexpressioninnudemice(0.267±0.045)thaninBALB/cmice(0.168±0.031).RSVinfectionenhancedpulmonaryTLR4expressionofBALB/cmice(51.96%±11.34%)andnudemice(48.96%±12.35%)comparedwitheachcontrol(34.04%±10.06%and32.37%±9.87%respectively).CD4+peripheralbloodcellsincreasedinRSVinfectedBALB/cmice(66.51%±2.09%)comparedwiththecontrolBALB/cmice(51.63%±5.90%),andCD4+cellsandCD8+cellsweredeficientinnudemice.RSVinfectionincreasedplasmatotalIgEinbothmice,andBALB/cmicehadalargeramountofIgEonthe7thdaypostinfection(9.02ng/ml±2.90ng/ml)andonthe14thdaypostinfection(12.76ng/ml±4.15ng/ml)thancorrespondingnudemice(3.72ng/ml±1.06ng/mland7.62ng/ml±3.08ng/mlrespectivelyonthe7thand14thdaypostinfection).RSVinfectednudemicehadmoresevereairwayinflammationthaninfectedBALB/cmice.ItisconcludedthatBALB/cmiceandnudemicepresentedsimilarRSVinfectiouscharacteristics.However,

简介：Toinvestigatethematernal-infantileinfectionwithhumanparvovirusB19,theIgGandIgMantibodiesagainsthumanparvovirusandtheB19-DNAinserumandperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMC)ofpregnantwomenaswellastheserumIgMantibodyagainstB19andtheB19-DNAinserumandcordbloodnucleatedcells(CBNC)ofnewbornsweredeterminedbyELISAandnestedPCRrespectively.ItwasfoundthatthepositiverateoftheIgGantibodyagainsthumanparvovirusB19inseraof92pregnantwomenwas38.04%(35/92),andthatoftheIgMantibodyin720pregnantwomenwas9.03%(65/720).However,theIgMantibodyagainsthumanparvovirasB19wasnegativeinthecordbloodseraof95newborns.AstothehumanparvovirasB19DNA,noneof720pregnantwomenand95newbornswasprovedtobepositiveintheirsera,Nevertheless,thepositiverateoftheparvovirasB19DNAinPBMCwas3.06%(3/98)in98pregnantwomenand1.12%(1/89)inCBNCof89newborns.ItisconcludedthatthehistoryofinfectionwithhumanparvovirasB19existsincertainpregnantwomenwithasmallpercentageofpregnantwomeninfectedwithrecentoracuteinfectionsofB19virus.ThedetectionratesoftheB19viralDNAinPBMCofpregnantwomenandCBNCofnewbornswerehigherthanthoseinsera,indicatingthattheriskforverticaltransmissionisverylow.

简介：TheexpressionofIL-4inaratmodelofchronicpulmonaryinfectionbiofilmformationinducedbyPseudomonasaeruginosawasinvestigated,inwhichSPFWisterratswereinfectedviatracheawith0.1mlP.aeruginosastrainPAO579(10~9CFU/ml)inalginatebeadsortheplanktonicformofthisbacterialstrain(10~9CFU/ml),andon3,7and14dafterinfection,thebacteriologicalandpathologicalchangeswereobservedaswellastheexpressionofthecytokineIL-4wasdetermined.ItwasdemonstratedthatthecountofCFUperlungtissueincaseofbacteriainalginatebeadswassignificantlyhigherthanthatofbacteriainplanktonicform,withmoreseveregrosspathologicchangesandinflammatoryreactionsinthealginatebeadgroupincomparisonwiththatoftheplanktonicforms(P=0.002,P=0.004andP=0.002,respectively).Inaddition,theexpressionofIL-4inthealginatebeadgroupwasalsohigherthanthatintheplanktonicform(P=0.02,P=0.02andP=0.022,respectively).Apositivecorre-lationbetweenthelevelofIL-4expressionandthegrosslungpathologyinalginatebeadgroupexistedasdemonstratedbysimpleregressionanalysis(r=0.78,P<0.02).Itisconcludedthatthechronicpul-monaryinfectionwithbiofilmformationinducedbyP.aeruginosatendstohavetheprioritytotheTh2immuneresponse.

简介：Twenty-oneyearsaftermalariaantigenswerefirstclonedavaccinestillappearstobealongwayoff.Therehavebeenperiodsofgreatexcitementandinmodelsystemssubunitvaccinehomologuescaninducerobustprotection.However,significantchallengesexistconcerningantigenicvariationandpolymorphism,immunologicalnon-respons-ivenesstoindividualvaccineantigens,parasite-inducedapoptosisofimmuneeffectorandmemorycellsandimmunedeviationasaresultofmaternalimmtmityandalterationsofdendriticcellfunction.

简介：TostudythemechanismofinfectionofEpstein-Barrvirus(EBV)ingastriccarcinomacells,theAkataandP3HR-1strainsofEBVwereusedastheteststrainsofviruses,andthesignetringcelllineHSC-39ofgastriccarcinomacellswasusedasthetargetcellsofinfection.Thevirus-infectedcellcloneswereisolatedbylimiteddilutionmethod.ItwasfoundthattheEBV-encodedsmallRNA(EBER)couldbedetectedintheinfectedcells.TheAkataandP3HR-1EBVinfectedparentalcellsandmostofclonesexpressedEBNA1,butnotEBNA2.Latentmembraneprotein(LMP-1)andLMP-2,andtheQpromoter(p),butnottheCp/WpforEBNAgenetranscriptionwasactiveintheinfectedparentalcellsaswellasalltheclones.UninfectedHSC-39cellsdidnotexpressCD21,however,AkatabutnotP3HR-1EBV-infectedclonesex-pressedlowlevelofCD21mRNA.TheseresultsdemonstratethatHSC-39cellsaresusceptibletobothEBVstrainsandEBVinfectsHSC-39cellsthroughtheCD21-independentpathway.ThisstudydefinesasignetringtypeofgastriccarcinomacellslineasauniquetargetcellsforthestudyofEBVinfectionmechanism.

简介：

简介：Toestablishasensitiveandspecificmethodforseroepidermiologicaldetectionofhumanher-pesvirus8(HHV-8)infection,threepotentantigenicproteinsencodedbyopenreadingframes(ORFs)K8.1,65and73CingenomeofHHV-8wereproducedasglutathioneS-transferasefusionproteinintheprokaryoticexpressionsystemandwasusedasantigenfortesting.Therecombinantfusionproteinex-pressedintheprokaryoticexpressionvectorE.coliBL21waspurifiedbyglutathioneSepharose4Baffin-itychromatographyandwasquantitatedwithSDS-PAGE.Allthese3fusionproteinsproducedinthepro-karyoticexpressionsystemshowedgoodimmunogenicityasdemonstratedbyWesternblottingandcouldberecognizedbymixedseraofpatientswithKaposi′ssarcoma(KS).Theimmuno-reactivitiesofthesingleorcompoundfusionproteinweredeterminedbymeansofELISAandcomparedwiththetraditionalimmu-nofluorescenceassay(IFA)todeterminetheirsensitivityandspecificityofthetest.Itwasdemonstratedthatthesensitivityofmixed-antigenELISAmethodwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofIFA(81.8%vs34.4%),whilethespecificityoftheformerwasdemonstratedtobe97.9%.Thecoincidenceofthede-tectionratebetweenthesetwomethodswasconsiderablyhigh,approachingupto90.0%.TheseresultssuggestthatthemixedantigenELISAassayappearstobeasensitiveandspecificmethodforsero-epide-miologicaldetectionofhumanherpesvirus8infection.

简介：Wehavepreviouslydemonstratedtheabilityofmalariaparasitestointerferewithspecificimmuneresponses.CD4Tcellsspecifictoparasiteantigens,butnotCD4Tcellsspecifictoanirrelevantantigen,ovalbumin(OVA),aredeletedviaapoptosisduringmalariainfection.Itisofinterest,therefore,toinvestigatetheimmuneresponsesthatdevelopedfollowingvaccinationwiththe19kDacarboxylterminusofthemerozoitesurfaceprotein1(MSP119)inmicethathadpreviouslyexperiencedmalariainfection.Inthisstudy,pre-exposureofmicetoPlasmodiumyoeliielicitednativeanti-MSP119antibodyresponses,whichcouldbeboostedbyvaccinationwithrecombinantMSP119，Likewise,infectionofMSP119-primedmicewithPlasmodiumyoelii(P.yoelii)ledtoanincreaseofanti-MSP119antibodies.MSP119vaccinationofmalariapreexposedmiceorimmunizationbyinfection/cureofMSP119-primedmiceenabledthemicetosurvivechallengeinfection,withtheformergrouphavingslightlylowerparasitaemia.Thedatasuggestthatexposuretomalariainfectionprimesanaturalimmuneresponsewhichcanbeboostedbyvaccination.Thisinformationisrelevanttothedevelopmentofavaccineforuseinindividualslivinginmalaria-endemicareas.

简介：ToinvestigatethephenotypicknockoutofHIV-1chemokinecoreceptorCXCR4andCCR5byintrakinesanditsinhibitoryeffectonHIV-1infection.PrimaryhumanPBLsweretransducedwiththerecombinantvectorpLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR),followedbyanti-NGFR/anti-IgG-magneticbeadmethodselectionandFCMdetection.ThetransducedPBLswereinfectedwithDP1HIV-1virusthereafterenvelope-mediatedsyncytiumformationandp24detectionwerecarriedouttostudytheblockageofHIV-1infectionbyco-inactivationofCCR5andCXCR4.pLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR)-transducedPBILswereisolatedwithananti-NGFR/anti-IgG-magneticbeadmethod.Afterisolation,about70%ofthePBLswerepositivefortheNGFRmarker.WhenthetransducedPBLswereinfectedwithDP1HIV-1virus,envelop-mediatedsyncytiumformationwasalmostcompletelyinhibitedbypLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR)transfection.Also,p24antigenwasverylowintheculturesofpLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR)transducedPBLs.pLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR)transductioninhibitedtheproductionofDP1p24antigenby15%,43%and19%ondays4,7and10respectively.ThelymphocyteswiththephenotypicknockoutofCCR5andCXCR4couldprotectprimaryhumanPBLsfromDP1HIV-1virusinfection.