简介:Thepost-earthquakerapidaccurateassessmentofmacroinfluenceofseismicgroundmotionisofsignificanceforearthquakeemergencyrelief,post-earthquakereconstructionandscientificresearch.TheseismicintensitydistributionmapreleasedbytheLushanearthquakefieldteamoftheChinaEarthquakeAdministration(CEA)fivedaysafterthestrongearthquake(M7.0)occurredinLushanCountyofSichuanYa’anCityat8:02onApril20,2013providesascientificbasisforemergencyrelief,economiclossassessmentandpost-earthquakereconstruction.Inthispaper,themeansforblindestimationofmacroscopicintensity,fieldestimationofmacrointensity,andreviewofintensity,aswellascorrespondingproblemsarediscussedindetail,andtheintensitydistributioncharacteristicsoftheLushan'4.20'M7.0earthquakeanditsinfluentialfactorsareanalyzed,providingareferenceforfutureseismicintensityassessments.
简介:ThegreatSanhe-PingguM8earthquakeoccurredin1679wasthelargestsurfaceruptureeventrecordedinhistoryinthenorthernpartofNorthChinaplain.Thisstudydeterminesthefaultgeometryofthisearthquakebyinvertingseismologicaldataofpresent-daymoderate-smallearthquakesinthefocalarea.Werelocatedthoseearthquakeswiththedouble-differencemethod.Basedontheassumptionthatclusteredsmallearthquakesoftenoccurinthevicinityoffaultplaneoflargeearthquake,andreferringtothemorphologyofthelongaxisoftheisoseismallineobtainedbythepredecessors,weselectedastrip-shapedzonefromtherelocatedearthquakecatalogintheperiodfrom1980to2009toinvertfaultplaneparametersofthisearthquake.Theinversionresultsareasfollows:thestrikeis38.23°,thedipangleis82.54°,theslipangleis-156.08°,thefaultlengthisabout80km,thelower-boundarydepthisabout23kmandtheburieddepthofupperboundaryisabout3km.ThisshowsthattheseismogenicfaultisaNNE-trendingnormaldip-slipfault,southeastwalldownwardandnorthwestwalluplift,withtheright-lateralstrike-slipcomponent.Moreover,thesurfacerupturezone,intensitydistributionoftheearthquakeandseismic-wavevelocityprofileinthefocalareaallverifiedourstudyresult.
简介:ThispapercalculatesthestaticCoulombstresschangesgeneratedbyfourearthquakesintheYutianareaduring2008~2014separately,thendiscussesthetriggeringinfluence,theiraccumulatedCoulombstresschangesandtheirinfluenceonnearbyfaults.TheresultsindicatethattheMS5.5earthquakein2011andtheM_S7.3earthquakein2014arebothintheregionswheretheCoulombstresschangeispositive,thestresschangesare0.004MPaand0.021MPa,respectively,meaningtheyaretriggeredbypriorearthquakes.TheMS6.2earthquakein2012occurredintheplacewhereCoulombstresschangewasnegative,soitispostponedbythepriorearthquakes.TheimageofCoulombstresschangesoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014isinaccordwithaftershocks(ML≥3.0)distribution,butsomeregionsonthefaultwheretheCoulombstresschangeispositivehavefewaftershocks,andstrongaftershocksmayoccuratthesedistrictsinfuture.Inaddition,thispapercalculatestheCoulombstresschangeonnearbyfaults,andfindsthattheCoulombstresschangesofdifferentelementsintheGGCfaultareverydifferent,andmustreceivestrongtriggered-influence,thoughtheresultmaybeinfluencedbytheinputfinitefaultmodel,sothereisstillalargeearthquake-risk.TheGGN,PLC,PLWandLBWfaultswerealsotriggeredbythefourearthquakesoccurringbetween2008~2014.TheirmaximumCoulombstresschangesallexceed0.002MPa,sotheyalsohaveastrongearthquakehazard.
简介:TheYutianearthquakewithM_S7.3happenedonFebruary12,2014.Theprecursormonitoringabilityisweakinthatarea.Wefoundtendencyanomaliesandmiddle-andshort-termanomaliesfrommetalpendulumtiltmeasurementsinHotanseismicstationbeforetheearthquake.AndwealsocomparedtheanomalieswiththatoftheM_S7.3YutianearthquakeonMarch21,2008.Thetendencyanomaliesmeasuredbythemetalpendulumtiltmeterappearedsince2012astiltingeastward.Whilethemiddle-andshort-termanomalieswerecharacterizedbyacceleration,pauseandrapidchangeoftiltrateintwodirections.Thetendencyanomaliesofmetalpendulumtiltrecordsarethesamebeforethetwoearthquakes.Theybothhappenedintheeastdirection.However,therearedifferencesinduration,characteristicandearthquakeintervalsforthemiddle-andshort-termanomalies.
简介:InordertoinvestigatetheevolutionofShiquanhe-Yongzhu-Jialiophioliticmélangebelt,thegabbrosfromnewdiscoveredZhongcangophioliticmélangearestudiedthroughpetrology,whole-rockgeochemistry,zirconU-PbdatingandLu-Hfisotope.Thegabbrosinvestigatedinthispapercontaincumulategabbroandgabbrodike,andtheyhaveundergonegreenschist-amphibolitefaciesmetamorphism.Thechondritenormalizedrareearthelement(REE)patternsofmostoftheserocksshowflattypeswithslightlylightREE(LREE)depletionandtheN-MORBnormalizedincompatibleelementsdiagramsindicatedepletioninhighfieldstrengthelements(HFSE)(Nb,Ta)andenrichmentinlargeionlithophileelements(LILE).Thesegabbroshaveislandarcandmid-oceanridgebasaltaffinities,suggestingthattheywereoriginatedinanoceanicbackarcbasin.WholerockgeochemistryandhighpositiveεNd(t)valuesshowthatthesegabbroswerederivedfrom~30%partialmeltingofaspinellherzolitemantle,whichwasenrichedbyinteractionwithslab-derivedfluidsandmeltsfromsediment.U-Pbanalysesofzirconsfromcumulategabbroyieldaweightedmeanageof114.3±1.4Ma.Basedonourdataandpreviousstudies,weproposethatanintra-oceanicsubductionsystemandbackarcbasinoperatedintheNeo-TethyOceanofcentralTibetduringMiddleJurassicandEarlyCretaceous,resemblingmodernactiveintra-oceanicsubductionsystemsinthewesternPacific.
简介:(January1998-December2013)Currentdevelopmentsinsedimentresearchcontinueataheadypace,andarereportedintheInternationalJournalofSedimentResearch(IJSR)atabout500pagesperyear.However,asofJanuary2014,amajorchangehasoccurred:after16years(January1998toDecember2013)asEditor-in-Chief,ProfessorZhao-YinWanghassteppeddownfromthehandlingofmanuscripts.
简介:Athree-dimensionalrigidbodyontheshapeofaparallelepipedismodelledinordertorockonasideoravertexofthebase,inordertoevaluatetheseismicresponseofrigidblockslyingonahorizontalsupport.Thecenterofmassofthebodyisconsideredaseccentricwithrespecttoitsgeometriccenter.Asseismicinput,threeItalianrecordedaccelerograms,withdifferentspectralcontent,areused.Thestudyismainlyconductedtohighlightthedifferencesbetweentheseismicresponseof2Dand3Dmodelsofrigidblocks,withtheaimtounderstandif,insomecases,theuseofthe3Dmodelofrigidblockisrequiredtoobtainsaferresults.Infact,theoutcomesshowthatinsomerangesofthegeometricalandmechanicalparametersthatcharacterizetheexcitationandthebody,atwo-dimensionalmodel,whichisnotabletoconsiderthe3Drockingonavertex,canprovideunsaferesults.Inparticular,itisfoundthattheoverturningprocessofthethree-dimensionalblockcanoccurunderexcitationswhicharelowerthanthosewhichoverturnacorrespondingtwo-dimensionalblock.
简介:植物化学计量内稳性特征是植物在长期的进化过程中,适应环境变化的结果,是其生理和生化调节的反映。为了阐明闽江河口湿地植物化学计量内稳性特征,对研究区互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)、短叶茳芏(Cyperusmalaccensis)和芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)沼泽土壤及植物器官的氮和磷元素进行测定与分析,并计算植物内稳性指数(H)。研究结果表明,土壤有效氮和有效磷含量随植物生长过程总体在波动减少,植物全氮和全磷含量波动变化,植物不同器官的全磷含量变化趋势相似;植物类型、生长阶段、元素组成与植物器官都对植物内稳性指数具有一定影响,互花米草内稳性指数HN、HP和HN︰P的变化范围分别为0.18~7.67、0.33~14.22和1.02~14.12,平均值分别为1.56、3.30和3.52,短叶茳芏内稳性指数HN、HP和HN︰P的变化范围分别为1.11~2.78、1.10~14.12和1~3.95,平均值分别为1.40、5.24和2.31,芦苇内稳性指数HN、HP和HN︰P的变化范围分别为0.12~4.55、1.3~10.19和0.63~19.23,平均值分别为2.02、3.98和4.03;芦苇HN的平均值最大,其他依次为互花米草HN、短叶茳芏HN,短叶茳芏HP的平均值最大,其他依次为芦苇HP、互花米草HP,芦苇HN︰P的平均值最大,其他依次为互花米草HN︰P、短叶茳芏HN︰P;同种植物地上部分和地下部分的内稳性指数排序存在倒序关系。
简介:Tarim盆在含碳的时期期间是craton块。除了它的开西南(SWW)加深盆边缘,盆的中央部分被包围由北、东方、南部高举。在盆的大多数部分,有岩石把Biocalcarenite成员,标准石灰石成员和Xiaohaizi形成称为的碳酸盐的三层。今日的Maigeti斜坡,在盆的西南的区域定位了,曾经是到clinoform的paleogeographic碳酸盐站台边缘。在区域的地上凿穿在Xiaohaizi形成揭示超过十米沙滩免职的高精力的biospararenite。这个特征与在中间、北的盆的相等的地平线的低精力的micritic石灰石相当不同。如此的典型碳酸盐沙滩和站台边缘背景显示为礁石生长导致的环境。根据3-D的解释600km2Xinbaza调查上的地震数据,面向在的25km长的堡礁一东方向西,方向与圆丘般的几何学被描出,12km宽南方剧降礁石前面,和36km宽北方剧降backreef。礁石撑墙和轮廓也在连贯,振幅,和频率属性的Xiaohaizi形成以及地平线片的一张isopach地图上被显示出。礁石在矩形的3-D的范围以外扩大地震调查。Xiaohaizi形成的厚度是在中央礁石,和比礁石的外面大的12m的超过60m。堡礁由由狭窄的潮汐的入口分开的片断组成。礁石的邻居主要是bioclasticgrainstones的沙滩免职。由于迟了的宰相和晚第三列的构造运动,堡礁被倾斜蘸在一个SWW方向。它的updip部分被一套反向的差错打破并且错放。不过,与礁石有关的大量烃储备的潜在的stratigraphic水池被期望在它旁边基于实质的礁石规模和最近的地上凿穿指示在未来被成立。
简介:利用美国国家气候数据研究中心开发的Pairwise均一性检验订正方法、加拿大环境研究中心开发的PMFT方法和PMT方法,结合20世纪再分析资料和详细的元数据信息对1951—2008年中国123个探空台站的温度资料进行均一性检验和订正。结果表明:3种方法对中国探空温度资料订正幅度和订正前后的趋势变化存在差异。产生差异的主要原因,一方面由于Pairwise方法设计的问题,导致对中国大部分台站同时改变辐射误差订正方法和系统升级造成的断点检测能力较弱;另一方面由于PMFT方法未使用参考序列,不能去除气候变化本身的变化趋势,导致PMFT方法在断点判断上存在漏判的现象。而PMT方法结合20世纪再分析资料的客观判断方法较适合中国探空资料的均一性检验和订正,其订正结果表明,利用该方法得到的中国探空温度数据的统计学特征在低层小于全球尺度探空温度的订正结果,而在高层基本和全球探空数据的订正尺度相当。两个间断点和0.0—0.2℃的订正量所占的比例最大。从中国范围来看,对流层为增温趋势,这种增温趋势随高度的增加逐渐减弱,至对流层顶100hPa转为弱的降温趋势。
简介:基于对渤海湾西岸河北省海兴小山火山丘附近500.25m深CK3孔进行的磁性地层学研究,确认该钻孔揭示了吉尔伯特(Gilbert)极性时科奇蒂(Cochiti)亚时以来的地层,底部层位年龄约为4.38Ma;结合^14C测年和地层关系,可见本孔中所见4期火山活动分别发生在2.12Ma、1.34Ma、35—70ka和10-15ka;与渤海湾滨海平原几个质量较高的钻孔古地磁研究成果对比显示,黄骅坳陷第四纪期间整体向NE方向倾斜,沉积物平均粒径变化与测井曲线有较好的对比关系和同步性。依据沉积物特征、沉积构造以及测井相、粒度分析资料综合分析,确定全孔揭露地层大多发育泛滥平原沉积,即使是分支间湾亚相也少见湖泊一湖沼相沉积,沉积物多呈氧化状态。晚更新世以来3期海侵地层皆为潮坪沉积,其底板埋深与整个渤海湾西岸所见相符,可以按海洋氧同位素分期划分。
简介:Tikhonov正则化(TR)方法在重磁数据处理中发挥了重要的作用,本文在研究如何利用Tikhonov正则化方法方法解决重力数据3D反演的同时,深入讨论了可进一步提高拟合误差的ExtrapolationTikhonov正则化方法(EXTR)的原理,并就其参数选择方法及各参数对拟合误差、迭代次数及反演结果的影响进行研究。常密度及变密度组合模型试算结果表明,与TR方法相比,EXTR方法不仅可以达到解释人员设定的先验拟合误差水平,在计算时间及迭代次数相应增加的前提下有更高的拟合精度;同时其反演结果也更加紧致,进一步改善了TR反演结果的发散性;并且其反演数据范围更贴近预设模型参数范围,模型特征与预设模型密度分布吻合较好。更多还原
简介:利用2个关于大西洋经向翻转流(AtlanticMeridionalOverturningCirculation,AMOC)的指数:AMOC指数(15oN~65°N、深度为500m以下的AMOC的最大值)和AMOC扩展指数(15°N~65°N、深度为2000~2500m的AMOC的最大值),研究了耦合模式FGOALS-g2(Grid-pointVersion2ofFlexibleGlobalOcean-Atmosphere-LandSystemModel)中的AMOC在CMIP5(CoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectPhase5)的3个典型浓度路径(RepresentationConcentrationPathways,RCP)(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5分别对应于2100年时490、650和1370ppm的CO2浓度水平)下的响应问题,发现:在RCP2.6和RCP4.5浓度路径下,2006~2040年时间段内AMOC指数和AMOC扩展指数都呈现快速下降的趋势,2041~2100年时间段内AMOC指数逐渐恢复,AMOC扩展指数基本维持不变;在RCP8.5浓度路径下,2006~2100年时间段内AMOC指数和AMOC扩展指数都表现出快速下降的趋势。通过分析FGOALS-g2中北大西洋深水的成因发现:3个典型浓度路径下AMOC的长期变化趋势主要受到GIN(Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian)海域的深水形成率的调控,而AMOC的年代际尺度的变化则主要受到Labrador海域深水形成率的控制。同时揭示了:由于北大西洋2000m深度附近的层结稳定性在RCP2.6和RCP4.5下(相比于1980~2005年)提高了30%~40%,使得由AMOC指数恢复产生的深水无法继续下沉,从而导致AMOC扩展指数没有出现恢复的现象。