简介:GiventherecentsuccessinthedevelopmentofseveralsubmersiblesinChina,people’sinterestinthehistoryofsubmersibledevelopmentisincreasing.ThispaperpresentsthehistoryofsubmersibledevelopmentinChina,whichcanbebrieflydividedintothreeperiods.Thefirstoneistheearlyperiodofhardship(1971–2000).ManyprototypesubmersiblesofHOVs,ROVs,andAUVsweredevelopedatthistime,butthemainachievementwastheestablishmentofspecialresearchorganizationsandthetrainingofresearchanddevelopmentpersonnel.Thesecondperiodcanberegardedasthequickdevelopmentperiod(2001–2015).Allcurrentlyusedsubmersiblesweredevelopedduringthisperiod.Themostremarkableachievementwasthesuccessfuldevelopmentof7000m-deepmannedsubmersibleBJiaolong.^Thethirdperiodaimstodevelop11000msubmersiblesforchallengingthefulloceandepth(2016–2020).Inthisperiod,twounmannedsubmersiblesandtwomannedsubmersibleswillbethesignificantindicatorsofachievement.Ifthis5-yearplancanbesuccessfullycompleted,Chinacanplayasignificantroleintheinvestigationofthedeepestpartoftheoceans,namely,thehadaltrenches(6500–11000m).
简介:鉴于当前轨道交通一体化综合开发滞后于地铁线路建设进度的客观条件,从轨道交通一体化开发已成为提升城市公共空间及综合交通换乘枢纽的核心主导角度出发,提出轨道交通线路设计到一体化实施阶段的关联性,利用土地功能混合使用与公共交通高效换乘的理论,对城市轨道交通一体化土地开发范围和实施模式进行控制、激发和引导,实现城市功能集聚、空间整合和引发城市区域立体化等一系列经济和社会效应。旨在对当前城市轨道交通一体化开发的模式进行案例研究、反思并提出建议。因此,研究轨道交通一体化开发模式,对于目前我国以轨道交通为主的城市空间建设研究具有重要的现实意义。