简介:FLASHatDESY,Hamburg,Germanyisthefirstfree-electronlaser(FEL)operatingintheextremeultraviolet(EUV)andsoftx-raywavelengthrange.FLASHisauserfacilityprovidingfemtosecondshortpulseswithanunprecedentedpeakandaveragebrilliance,openingnewscientificopportunitiesinmanydisciplines.Thefirstcallforuserexperimentshasbeenlaunchedin2005.TheFLASHlinearacceleratorisbasedonTESLAsuperconductingtechnology,providingseveralthousandsofphotonpulsespersecondtouserexperiments.Probingfemtosecond-scaledynamicsinatomicandmolecularreactionsusing,forinstance,acombinationofx-rayandopticalpulsesinapumpandprobearrangement,aswellassingle-shotdiffractionimagingofbiologicalobjectsandmolecules,aretypicalexperimentsperformedatthefacility.WegiveanoverviewoftheFLASHfacility,anddescribethebasicprinciplesoftheaccelerator.Recently,FLASHhasbeenextendedbyasecondundulatorbeamline(FLASH2)operatedinparalleltothefirstbeamline,extendingthecapacityofthefacilitybyafactoroftwo.
简介:Understandingtheradiationmodelofaflashlampisessentialforthereflectordesignofalaseramplifier.Reflectordesignofteninvolvesseveralsimplifyingassumptions,likeapointorLambertiansource;eitheroftheseassumptionsmayleadtosignificanterrorsintheoutputdistribution.Inpractice,sourcenon-idealitiesusuallyresultinsacrificingtheamplifier’sgaincoefficient.Weproposeanoveltesttechniqueforattainingthexenonflashlampabsolutespectralintensityatvariousanglesofview,andthenaccuratelypredictradiationdistributionsandgeneratethereflectorshape.Itisshownthatduetotheabsorptionofemittedradiationbythelampitself,thebehavioroftheradiationmodelatvariouswavelengthsisdifferent.Numericalresultsofxenonplasmaabsorptioncoefficientwerecomparedwiththemeasureddata.Areasonableagreementwasobtainedfortheabsorptioncoefficientparameters.Thus,thisworkprovidesausefulanalyticaltoolfortheengineeringdesignoflaseramplifierreflectorsusingxenonflashlampsaspumps.
简介:介绍一种国内首创的电弧直读光谱仪。该仪器由交/直流电弧激发光源、凹面光栅分光系统、光电倍增管接收器及智能测控系统所组成。研制成功地质样品专用的"交流电弧直读光谱仪"和高纯金属专用的"直流电弧直读光谱仪"可取代1m或2m光栅摄谱仪,省去了光谱相板、洗相及译谱等繁琐的操作程序。在优化的分析条件下,可直接对粉末状地球化学样品及高纯金属氧化物中的多种微量元素同时进行直读光谱测定,具有灵敏、准确、快速的特点,各项技术指标符合所属领域的"国家标准"及"行业规范"的要求。现已有多家使用单位采用"交流电弧直读光谱仪"分析了十几万件地球化学样品中的银、锡和硼等元素,取得了良好的应用效果。
简介:摘要针对公司煤气发电三维设计的热力管道设计工作中的保温设计需要花费大量时间进行人工设置,且不能精准保证设置的保温厚度满足设计要求,采用AVEVA公司PDMS软件自带PML语言进行二次开发,利用保温厚度与管道设计温度及管径等存在强逻辑关系来研究在管道布置设计完成后统一批量进行保温厚度设置,提高工作效率。