简介：AbstractBackground:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a more prevalent chronic lung disease with a significant health burden, and the majority of these cases receive inadequate treatment.Methods:Prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire) based complete workup COPD study, screened 12,000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. A total of 6000 COPD cases were enrolled after the spirometry test. COPD cases were assessed as disease knowledge and methods of treatment offered by applying questionnaires to patients and treating physicians.Results:In the present study, 3% of study cases were aware of their COPD illness, 54% were not having knowledge about the disease, and 43% cases were not accepting the COPD diagnosis (p < 0.0001). A total of 58% of cases received inhalation treatment as levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% of COPD cases (p < 0.0001). Total 42% cases received oral treatment as theophylline in 16% cases, salbutamol in 7% cases, oral steroids in 19% cases (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:"Doctor–patient–drug trio" discordance clubbed as "difficult doctor, difficult patient, and difficult treatment" is a very crucial issue observed during diagnosis and management of COPD in peripheral settings in India.

简介：摘要目的进行固体靶PET核素89Zr的制备和质量控制，制备89Zr并标记产物89Zr－去铁胺(DFO)－曲妥珠单克隆抗体(Trastuzumab)。方法采用核反应89Y(p，n)89Zr生产89Zr，设计加工89Y靶的固定靶托，由医用回旋加速器20 μA质子束流约12.5 MeV轰击89Y靶约1～2 h。使用羟肟酸树脂分离纯化轰击后的靶片，用1 mol/L草酸溶液淋洗获得89Zr。分析其特征峰、放射性核素纯度及放化纯等。利用89Zr草酸溶液和DFO－Trastuzumab在室温下标记制得89Zr－DFO－Trastuzumab，测定其放化纯。结果成功进行11次89Zr的生产，获得的89Zr产量为555～1 506 MBq，产额(34.8±5.2) MBq·μA－1·h－1，获得纯化后产品227.2～991.6 MBq(纯化率42%～87%)，产品放射性浓度可达1.0×106 MBq/L。γ能谱分析显示了89Zr的特征峰(511和909 keV)，未发现其他杂质峰，放射性核素纯度与放化纯均接近100%。合成的89Zr－DFO－Trastuzumab放化纯>95%，人血清白蛋白(HSA)溶液中放置72 h放化纯仍超过90%。结论通过自行设计靶片，成功制得性能优良的固体靶PET核素89Zr并行抗体标记，为89Zr药物的临床应用提供保障。

简介：Evidence-basedpointselectionmethodsmeanselectingacupuncturepointsonthebasisofevidenceofclinicalefficacy.Whilemostofthisevidencecurrentlyderivesfromhistoricalliterature,whichrepresentstheaccumulatedclinicalexperienceofovertwomillennia,thereisalsoagrowingbodyofevidencebeingestablishedthroughacupunctureresearch.

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简介：在乳房X线照片的Microcalcification簇是在乳房X线照片的microcalcifications的胸cancer.The改进的一个重要早符号是为簇microcalcifications.In的抽取的最重要的预处理技术之一这份报纸，我们在场为改进的一个新奇方法microcalcifications.Firstly，起始的microcalcification边被使用樱桃酒边操作员提取，并且discontinouse边被采用分数维的technique.Then连接，连续clo

简介：作为高度恶意的癌症和在世界上的癌症相关的死亡的第四个原因，胰腺的癌症被忧郁的预后描绘，由于到化疗的快速的疾病前进，高度侵略的瘤显型，和抵抗。尽管有在疾病的治疗的重要进展在过去的十年期间，幸存率几乎没被改进。到差的结果的一个贡献因素是为早诊断的适当敏感、特定的biomarkers的缺乏。而且，为指向，指导并且估计治疗学的干预，以及为剩余或周期性的癌症的察觉的biomarkers也被需要。因此，在胰腺的癌症的足够的biomarkers的鉴定具有极端重要性。最近，伴随proteomic技术和设备的发展，越来越潜在的biomarkers出现了并且被报导。在这评论，我们在胰腺的癌症提供基于proteome的biomarkers的角色的概述，包括织物，浆液，果汁，尿和房间线。我们以后也讨论可能的机制和前景。那个信息可能希望对这块地里的进一步的研究有用。

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简介：Traumaticinjuriestospinalcordelicitdiversesignalingpathwaysleadingtounselectiveandcomplexpathologicaloutcomes:deathofmultipleclassesofneuralcells,formationofcysticcavitiesandglialscars,disruptionofaxonalconnections,anddemyelinationofsparedaxons,allofwhichcancontributemoreorlesstodebilitatingfunctionalimpairmentsfoundinpatientswithspinal

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheclinicaltypingandprophylactico-therapeuticmeasuresforacuteposttraumaticbrainswelling(BS).Methods:Aretrospectivestudywasperformedin66casesofacuteposttraumaticBS.Therewere3groupsbasedoncomputeredtomography(CT)scanning:23casesofhemispherebrainswelling(HBS)withmiddlelineshiftforlessthan5mmwithin24hours(GroupA),20withmiddlelineshiftformorethan5mm(GroupB),and23withbilateraldiffusebrainswelling(GroupC).Results:(1)ThemortalityratesoftheoperativeandnonoperativemanagementinGroupA,GroupB,andGroupCwere20.0%,31.6%,and75.0%versus44.4%,0,and85.7%,respectively(P>0.05);whiletheratesinsubgroupswithdifferentmiddlelineshift(morethan5mmandlessorequal5mm)were29.2%and75.0%versus75.0%and44.4%,respectively(0.05>P>0.01).(2)ThegoodrecoveryrateandmortalityinGroupAwere47.8%and39.1%,respectivelyandinGroupC,8.7%and78.3%,respectively,TherewasaverysignificantdifferencebetweenGroupAandGroupC(P<0.01).(3)Thetotalsurvivalrateoftheselectivecomprehensivetherapywas53.1%.Conclusions：(1)AcuteposttraumaticBSneedstobediagnosedcorrectlyandpromptlywithCTscanningwithin4hours.(2)Forpatientswithmidlineshiftformorethan5mm,especiallywiththin-layeredsubduralhematoma,surgicalinterventionisessentialtoreducethefatalityofacuteposttraumaticBS.

简介：AbstractPlacentation and tumorigenesis have many common features. Human placentation builds a maternal-fetal connection, circumvents maternal immune rejection of the fetus, and utilizes mechanisms that support tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune tolerance. Trophoblasts of the human placenta mimic the behavior of malignant cells, proliferating and invading the uterine decidua until reaching the myometrium and remodeling the spiral arteries that establish a new vascular system and escape the maternal immune response. These processes are under precise temporal and spatial regulation, and their dysregulation is associated with different pregnancy syndromes, including preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy syndrome that is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. At present, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of PE remain unclear. Here, we summarize and dissect the features between physiological placentation and pathological tumorigenesis to explore the pathogenesis of PE - which we believe to be the result of insufficient placentation, compared to the overaggression of tumorigenesis - to provide novel strategies to prevent and treat PE.

简介：AbstractBackground:Urticaria is a common skin disease characterized by episodes of wheals, and it has a negative effect on patients’ quality of life. Large-scale population-based epidemiological studies of urticaria are scarce in China. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria in the Chinese population.Methods:This survey was conducted in 35 cities from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China. Two to three communities in each city were selected in this investigation. Participants completed questionnaires and received dermatological examinations. We analyzed the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria.Results:In total, 44,875 questionnaires were distributed and 41,041 valid questionnaires were collected (17,563 male and 23,478 female participants). The lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30%, with 8.26% in female and 6.34% in male individuals (P < 0.05). The point prevalence of urticaria was 0.75%, with 0.79% in female and 0.71% in male individuals (P < 0.05). Concomitant angioedema was found in 6.16% of patients. Adults had a higher prevalence of urticaria than adolescents and children. Living in urban areas, exposure to pollutants, an anxious or depressed psychological status, a personal and family history of allergy, thyroid diseases, and Helicobacter pylori infection were associated with a higher prevalence of urticaria. Smoking was correlated with a reduced risk of urticaria.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30% and the point prevalence was 0.75% in the Chinese population; women had a higher prevalence of urticaria than men. Various factors were correlated with urticaria.

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简介：Anewwaveletvarianceanalysismethodbasedonwindowfunctionisproposedtoinvestigatethedynamicalfeaturesofelectroencephalogram(EEG).TheexprienmentalresultsshowthatthewaveletenergyofepilepticEEGsaremorediscretethannormalEEGs,andthevariationofwaveletvarianceisdifferentbetweenepilepticandnormalEEGswiththeincreaseoftime-windowwidth.Furthermore,itisfoundthatthewaveletsubbandentropy(WSE)oftheepilepticEEGsarelowerthanthenormalEEGs.

简介：Therehasbeenaparadigmshiftinmedicineawayfromtradition,anecdoteandtheoreticalreasoningfromthebasicsciencestowardsevidence-basedmedicine(EBM).Inpalliativecarehowever,statisticallysignificantbenefitsmaybemarginalandmaynotberelatedtoclinicalmeaningfulness.Thetypicaltreatmentvs.placebocomparisonnecessitatedby‘goldstandard'randomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)isnotnecessarilyapplicable.Thecomplexmultimorbidityofendoflifecareinvolvesconsiderationsofthepatient'sphysical,psychological,socialandspiritualneeds.Inaddition,thefieldofpalliativecarecoversaheterogeneousgroupofchronicandincurablediseasesnolongerlimitedtocancer.Adequatesamplesizescanbedifficulttoachieve,reducingthepowerofstudiesandhighattritionratescanresultininadequatefollowupperiods.Thisreviewusesexamplesofthemanagementofcancer-relatedfatigueanddeathrattle(noisybreathing)todemonstratethecurrentstateofEBMinpalliativecare.ThefutureofEBMinpalliativecareneedstobeasdiverseasthepatientswhoultimatelyderivebenefit.Non-RCTmethodologiesofequivalentquality,validityandsizeconductedbycollaborativeresearchnetworksusinga‘mixedmethodsapproach'arelikelytoposethecorrectclinicalquestionsandderiveevidencebasedyetclinicallyrelevantoutcomes.

简介：InthedevelopedWesternpartoftheworld,theincidenceofGCAhasmarkedlydecreasedoverthepastdecades.ThisdecreaseoftheGCAincidenceseemstobeageneralandglobalevent,suggestingthatoneorsomegloballyandgenerallycommonfactorsplayacriticalroleinthepathogenesisofGCA,andthatthisfactororfactorshavedecreasedininfluenceworldwidelyduringthepastdecades.Theseetiopathogeneticfactorshardlyareexoticdifferencesinlocalhabitsofeatingordrinkingonly.SuchexoticandlocalfactorscannotexplainthestrikingconsistencythatisapparentintheglobalepidemiologyofGCA.RegardingtheH.pyloriinfectionasthekeyfactorinthepathogenesisofgastriccancer,theserequirementsofglobalityarefulfilled.

简介：Osteosarcomaisprimarymalignantneoplasmsderivedfromcellsofmesenchymalorigin,andoftenhasdistinctphenotypesatdifferentstages.Thelocationoftumorandreactionzonecanbeidentifiedbyanexpertinmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI),withMRIbeingoneofthechoicesforevaluatingtheextentofosteosarcoma.However,itisstillachallengetoautomaticallyextracttumorfromitssurroundingtissuesbecauseoftheirlowintensitydifferencesinMRI.WeinvestigatedanapproachbasedonZernikemomentandsupportvectormachine(SVM)forosteosarcomasegmentationinT1-weightedimage(TIWI).Firstly,thedifferentordermomentsaroundeachpixelarecalculatedinsmallwindows.Secondly,thegrayscaleandthemodulevaluesofdifferentordermomentsareusedasatexturefeaturevectorwhichisthenusedasthetrainingsetforSVM.Finally,anSVMclassifieristrainedbasedonthissetoffeaturestoidentifytheosteosarcoma,andthesegmentedtumortissueisrenderedin3Dbytheraycastingalgorithmbasedongraphicsprocessingunit(GPU).TheperformanceofthemethodisvalidatedonT1WI,showingthatthesegmentationmethodhasahighsimilarityindexwiththeexpert’smanualsegmentation.

简介：Basedondiscretewavelettransform,bothrelativewaveletenergy(RWE)andsegmentwaveletentropy(SWE)ofelectroencephalogram(EEG)aredefinedinthispaper.TheRWEprovidesquantitativelytheinformationabouttherelativeenergyassociatedwithdifferentfrequencybandspresentintheEEG.TheSWEcarriesinformationaboutthedegreeoforderordisorderassociatedwithdifferenttimesegmentofEEGevolution,whichcandeterminethetime-segmentlocalizationsofabnormaldynamicprocessesofbrainactivityduetothelocalizationcharacteristicsofthewavelettransform.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheRWEandSWEaredifferentbetweenepilepticEEGsandnormalEEGs,whichdemonstratethattheRWEandtheSWEarehelpfultoanalyzethedynamicbehaviorofdifferentEEGs.

简介：这研究的目的是根据EEG信号的复杂性措施的值识别大脑的函数和状态。30件正常样品和30件耐心的样品的EEG信号是镇定的。为未加工的数据基于预处理，为复杂性措施的一个计算程序被编译，所有样品的复杂性措施是计算的。吝啬的值和控制组的复杂性措施的标准错误作为0.33和0.10，并且正常的组作为0.53和0.08。当信心度是0.05时，为控制组的复杂性措施的正常人口平均数的信心间隔是(0.2871,0.3652)，并且(0.4944,0.5552)为正常的组。正常样品和耐心的样品能清楚地是的统计结果表演由措施的价值区分了。在临床的药，结果能是是引用评估函数或状态，诊断疾病，监视大脑的康复进步。

简介：Purpose:Proctalgiafugax(PF)isabenignanorectalconditionwhichhasbeendescribedintheliteraturesincethenineteenthcenturycommonlypresentingtogeneralsurgeons.Thereislittlehighlevelevidenceonthesubjectanditstherapeuticmodalities.Weaimedthroughthissystematicliteraturereviewtooutlinethe

简介：生来的杀手(NK)房间对癌症在主人免疫起关键作用。在反应，癌症开发机制逃离NK房间攻击或导致有缺点的NK房间。当前的NK基于房间的癌症免疫疗法试图用几条途径克服NK房间麻痹。一条途径使用扩展allogeneicNK房间，它没被象自体同源的NK房间一样的自我histocompatibility抗原禁止，为采纳细胞的免疫疗法。另一条采纳转移途径使用稳定的allogeneicNK房间线，它为质量控制和大规模生产是更实际的。第三条途径是新鲜NK房间或NK房间线的基因修正高度表示cytokines，Fc受体或妄想的肿瘤抗原受体。治疗学的NK细胞能从各种各样的来源被导出，包括细胞，干细胞或甚至导致的pluripotent干细胞(iPSCs)，和许多激发器能被用于的外设或绳索血在实验室或好生产实践(GMP)的大规模生产设备包括可溶的生长因素，使不能调动的分子或抗体，和另外的细胞的使活跃之物。到在临床的试用的癌症的对待几类型的NK房间治疗的一张表这里被考察。基于NK的免疫疗法的几条不同途径例如织物特定的NK房间，漂亮面向受体的NK房间和化学上对待的NK房间，被讨论。一些新技术或策略到由非侵略的成像的监视器NK房间治疗，预定NK房间治疗由的效率在vivo实验并且在临床的试用评估NK房间治疗途径也被介绍。