简介:Inordertomeetthedemandsofmodern,information-basedsociety,highereducationinnaturalresourcemanagementneedstobetransformed.Enhancedmobilityofstudentsandstaff,multi-andtransdisciplinaryapproaches,aswellasinnovativeeducationalapproachesarecalledfor.Moreover,theurbancomponentneedstobebetterincorporated,asexemplifiedbytheemergingfieldofurbanforestry.Thispaperrelatestothedevelopmentsinhighereducationwithinthecontextofeducationonurbanforest...
简介:Background:Conceptualmodelsofforestdynamicsarepowerfulcognitivetools,whichareindispensableforcommunicatingecologicalideasandknowledge,andindevelopingstrategicapproachesandsettingtargetsforforestconservation,restorationandsustainablemanagement.Forestdevelopmentthroughtimeisconventionallydescribedasadirectional,or'linear',andpredictablesequenceofstagesfrom'bareground'tooldforestrepresentingthe'climax-state'.However,thissimpleviewisincompatiblewiththecurrentknowledgeandunderstandingofintrinsicvariabilityofforestdynamics.Hypothesis:Overlysimpleconceptualmodelsofforestdynamicseasilybecometransformedintobiasedmentalmodelsofhowforestsnaturallydevelopandwhatkindofstructurestheydisplay.Tobeabletocommunicatetheessentialfeaturesanddiversityofforestdynamics,comprehensiveconceptualmodelsareneeded.Forthisend,Kuuluvainen(2009)suggestedarelativelysimpleconceptualmodelofforestdynamics,whichseparatesthreemajormodesofforestdynamics,andincorporatesstatechangesandtransitionsbetweentheforestdynamicsmodesdependingonchangesindisturbanceregime.Conclusions:Conceptualmodelsofforestdynamicsshouldbecomprehensiveenoughtoincorporatebothlongtermdirectionalchangeandshort-termcyclicforestdynamics,aswellastransitionsfromonedynamicsmodetoanotherdependingonchangesinthedrivingdisturbanceregimetype.Modelsthatcapturesuchessentialfeaturesofforestdynamicsareindispensableforeducationalpurposes,insettingreferenceconditionsandindevelopingmethodsinforestconservation,restorationandecosystemmanagement.
简介:以“TRIZ”创新方法的学习为载体,采用“Triplelevels”(三层次)和“ThreeMerges”(三融合)的手段培养高职院校大学生的创新能力,其培养方法具有教学内容特色化、教学形式多样化、教学要求递进化、教学氛围职场化以及评价指标全面化等特点。这种“3T”模式为高职院校大学生创新能力的培养探索出了一条新途径,具有较强的可操作性和实战性。
简介:S系列多用途青黄贮饲草料收获设备;M系列牧草压扁收获设备;B系列动力旋转耙;2BM-9型免耕播种机;2BP-2型铺膜点播机;4SW-160型马铃薯挖掘机;9QS-1000型青黄贮饲料收获机;
简介:以杭州曲院风荷景点为研究对象,以历史文献为线索,结合山水画、版画、照片、测绘图等图像资料,梳理其景观格局变迁历程,分析演变中景物间的联系,并对各时期园林发展情况进行总结。将其发展历程划分为南宋麯院时期、元代至明代衰落时期、清代更址重建时期及中华人民共和国成立至今的公园化时期。认为清康熙年间曲院的迁址与更名是景点发展的重要转折点,这一举动既使古老的景名得以延续,又使景点有了新的内涵和发展空间。园林建筑与环境的营造围绕"曲"这一主题展开,代表人工的"曲院"与代表自然的"风荷"体现了该景点人工建筑与自然景物并重的审美主旨。通过分析整理历史图像资料对于今人了解古代园林变迁有重要帮助。