简介:Simulationcanbedefinedasmalingering,orsometimesfunctionalvisualloss(FVL).Itmanifestsaseithersimulatinganophthalmicdisease(positivesimulation),ordenialofophthalmicdisease(negativesimulation).Consciousbehaviorandcompensationorindemnityclaimsareprominentfeaturesofsimulation.Sincesomeauthorssuggestthatthisisamanifestationofunderlyingpsychopathology,evenconversionisincludedinthiscontext.Intoday’sworld,everyophthalmologistcanfacewithsimulationofophthalmicdiseaseordisorder.Incaseofsimulationsuspect,thephysician’sresponsibilityistoprovethesimulationconsideringthedisease/disorderfirst,andsimulationasanexclusion.Insimulationexaminations,thephysicianshouldbefirmandsmarttoselectappropriatetest(s)toconvincenotonlythesubject,butalsothejudgeincaseofindemnityorcompensationtrials.Almostallophthalmicsensoryandmotorfunctionsincludingvisualacuity,visualfield,colorvisionandnightvisioncanbethesubjectofsimulation.Examinermustbeskillfulinselectingthemostappropriatetest.Apartfromthoseintheliterature,weincludedallkindsofsimulationinophthalmology.Inaddition,simulationexaminationtechniques,suchas,useofOCT(opticalcoherencetomography),frequencydoublingperimetry(FDP),andmodifiedpolarizationtestswerealsoincluded.Inthisreview,wemadeathoroughliteraturesearch,andaddedourexperiencestogivethereadersup-to-dateinformationonmalingeringorsimulationinophthalmology.
简介:摘要 :设计了一 种电力运行模拟系统 ,该系统通过可视化编程语言 AS3.0和多种存储方式相结合的方法来实现各种数据的存储和读取 ,应用于实践工程后用户反映良好。现阐述了该系统的功能和实现方法 ,并详细介绍了 ACCESS存储方式。
简介:摘要目的观察视觉模拟疼痛评分法(VAS)在老年癌痛患者中的应用效果。方法选取老年癌痛患者60例,随机分为对照组、观察组各30例,对照组采取脸谱疼痛评分法,根据评分结果及患者主诉、病情等,给予相应的疼痛护理措施,观察组在面部表情评分的基础上,结合视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)的方法,采取疼痛护理措施,将对照组和观察组的相关护理质量指标进行对比,综合比较两组患者的止痛药物使用量、焦虑情绪、疼痛程度、护理满意度。结果观察组的患者止痛药物使用量、焦虑情绪、疼痛程度评分低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组的患者护理满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论视觉模拟评分法在老年癌痛患者中应用效果较好,患者接受度高,临床运用方便有效,值得推广。