简介：AbstractObjective:Alternative splicing can generate various structural and functional protein isoforms. Recently, accumulating evidence shows a relationship between alternative splicing and cancer. Cancer is a complex and chronic disease that involves malignant transformation. In this review, we consider alternative splicing events in relation to the hallmarks of cancer cells, and discuss current therapies to treat cancer-related to alternative splicing.Data sources:Data cited in this article are from the PubMed and Embase database, primarily focusing on research published from 2000 to 2018.Study selection:Articles were selected with the search terms "alternative splicing," "cancer cell," "tumor microenvironment," and "therapy."Results:Alternative splicing plays an important role in tumorigenesis, development, and escape from cell death. Taking this trait of cancer cells into consideration will allow more definite diagnoses of cancer, and allow the development of more effective medicines to intervene in cancer that could focus on controlling alternative splicing or competitively binding to the final products.Conclusions:Alternative splicing is common in cancer cells. Consideration of alternative splicing may allow different strategies for cancer therapy or the identification of novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.

简介：AbstractAlternative splicing plays a pivotal role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, contributing to the generation of proteome diversity. Autophagy is a conserved cellular machinery governing degradation and recycling of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. However, there is limited knowledge of the roles of alternative splicing in autophagy, in particular mitochondrial selective autophagy, termed mitophagy. Emerging evidence suggests autophagy-related proteins (Atg), key molecules in autophagy process, are involved. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms by which alternative splicing affects the functions of ATG genes including BECN1, ATG5, ATG16L1, and Bim genes, and thus manipulates autophagy levels in various diseases. This review found that the effects of splicing of ATG genes generally result in inhibiting autophagy. However, very few of the many autophagy associated proteins have been studied. More research into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of splicing factors will be necessary to understand their roles in pathological conditions associated with autophagy and mitophagy.

简介：Domesticpig(Susscrofadomestica)isoneofthemostimportantmammalstohumans.Alternativesplicingisacellularmechanismineukaryotesthatgreatlyin-creasesthediversityofgeneproducts.Expressionsequencetags(ESTs)havebeenwidelyusedforgenediscovery,expressionprofileanalysis,andalternativesplicingdetection.Inthisstudy,atotalof712,905ESTsextractedfrom101differentnon-normalizedESTlibrariesofthedomesticpigwereanalyzed.TheseESTlibrariescoverthenervoussystem,digestivesystem,immunesystem,andmeatproductionrelatedtissuesfromembryo,newborn,andadultpigs,makingcontributionstotheanalysisofalternativesplicingvariantsaswellasexpressionprofilesinvariousstagesoftissues.AmodifiedapproachwasdesignedtoclusterandassemblelargeESTdatasets,aimingtodetectalternativesplicingtogetherwithESTabundanceofeachsplicingvariant.Mucheffortsweremadetoclassifyalternativesplicingintodifferenttypesandapplydifferentfilterstoeachtypetogetmorereliableresults.Finally,atotalof1,223geneswithaverage2.8splicingvariantsweredetectedamong16,540uniquegenes.Theoverviewofexpressionprofileswouldchangewhenwetakealternativesplicingintoaccount.

简介：ThesplicingofmanyalternativeexonsintheprecursormessengerRNA(pre-mRNA)isregulatedbyextracellularfactorsbuttheunderlyingmolecularbasesremainunclear.HerewereportthedifferentialregulationofBcl-xpre-mRNAsplicingbyextracellularfactorsandtheirdistinctrequirementsforpre-mRNAelements.InK562leukemiacells,treatmentwithinterleukin-6(IL-6)orgranulocyte-macrophagecolonystimulatingfactor(GM-CSF)reducedtheproportionoftheBcl-xLvariantmRNAwhiletreatmentwith12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate(TPA)hadnoeffect.InU251gliomacells,however,TPAefficientlyincreasedtheBcl-xLlevel.Theseregulationswerealsoseenforatransfectedsplicingreportermini-gene.Furtheranalysesofdeletionmutantsindicatethatnucleotides1-176ofthedownstreamintronarerequiredfortheIL-6effect,whereasadditionalnucleotides177-284areessentialfortheGM-CSFeffect.AsfortheTPAeffect,onlynucleotides1-76arerequiredinthedownstreamintron.Thus,IL-6,GM-CSFandTPAdifferentiallyregulateBcl-xsplicingandrequirespecificintronicpre-mRNAsequencesfortheirrespectiveeffects.

简介：Theyear2008seesaturningpointinChina’sstrategyofpromotingenergysavingandemissionsreduction,aswellasdevelopmentofrenewableenergy.OilpricebreakingUS$140andlargeareainChinasufferingfrom

简介：从房地产投资,real estate investing can be a,　　亚洲人对房地产投资情有独钟

简介：退烧后的亚洲房地产　 　　亚洲人对房地产投资情有独钟,　　房地产投资是长期的,　　投资房地产

简介：就在区域，精确，在国家、省、城市的伪大地水准面之中存在的资料和决定的差别而言，象资料转变和weighting那样的一些方法在这篇论文根据精确被介绍与不同区域，精确，资料和决定使伪大地水准面模型正常化。这样，伪大地水准面的无缝的拼接被认识到。

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简介：Pre-mRNAsplicingisafundamentalprocessrequiredfortheexpressionofmostmetazoangenes.Itiscarriedoutbythespliceosomethatcatalyzestheremovalofnon-codingintronsequencestoligateexonsintomaturemRNApriortotransportandtranslation.Thepurposeofourstudyistoexplorewhethertheinvitrounlabeledpre-mRNAsplicingassaycouldbeperformedasanalternativemethodofsplicingreactionotherthantheradiolabeledone.Twodifferentsplicingmethodsinvitro,Plabeledandunlabeledpre-mRNAasthesubstratesinthereaction,wereinvestigated.TheradiolabeledproductswerevisualizedbyautoradiographywhiletheunlabeledproductswereobservedbyEthidiumBromide(EB)staining.Asaresult,althoughtherearemoreunspecificbandsintheEBstainingassaythan32Plabeledone,theRNAproductsofinvitrosplicingcouldbeobservedclearly.Thissuggeststhattheunlabeledpre-mRNAsplicingassaycanbeanoptionalsubstitutionfortheisotope-labeledassay.

简介：以便快认识到与高分辨率调遣目标区域的成像活泼的卫星，匹配算法的新态度被开发。光线踪迹和印射的速度向量的一个严格的马赛克成像模型根据在成像目标和照相机之间的长带马赛克成像原则和关系被造焦点的飞机。三轴的态度基于调遣的路径的最佳的追踪的原则被推出。最后，几何可伸缩模拟整个推迟的时间和集成(TDI)充电被执行联合设备(电荷耦合器件)原型系统，卫星态度控制物理模拟站台和带的地球目标模拟器。试验性的结果证明算法能认识到匹配的乐队目标的无缝的拼接成像很好，证实算法的正确性。

简介：Fiber-opticFabry-Perot(F-P)sensorsarewidelyinvestigatedbecausetheyhaveseveraladvantagesoverconventionalsensors,suchasimmunitytoelectromagneticinterference,abilitytooperateunderbadenvironments,highsensitivityandthepotentialformultiplexing.Anewmethodtofabricatemicro-cavityFabry-Perotinterferometerisintroduced,whichisfusionsplicingasectionofconventionalsingle-modefiber(SMF)andasectionofhollowcoreorsolidcorephotoniccrystalfiber(PCF)togethertoformamicro-cavityatthesplicejoint.Thetechnologyoffusionsplicingisdiscussed,andtwominiatureopticalfibersensorsbasedonFabry-Perotinterferenceusingfusionsplicingarepresented.Thetwosensorsarecompletelymadeoffusedsilica,andhavegoodhigh-temperaturecapability.

简介：Currently,therearefourcategoriesofcomplementaryandalternativemedicine(CAM)intheUnitedStatesofAmerica:1)about80CAMschools,3""-,4yearprogramfocusingonacupunctureandherbalmedicine;4""5yearprogramforchiropractic.2)64%oftheUSmedicalschoolsofferCAMcourses,suchasacupuncture,chiropractic,herbalmedicineandhomeopathy.HarvardMedicalSchoolhasbeenofferingCAMfor9years.

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简介：TheLatinAmericanconstitutionalsystemhasproducedmanyinnovations,amongwhichaparadigmaticconcept,thewellliving(buenvivirorsumakkawsay),setforthintheEcuadorianConstitution,sinceitrepresentsanalternative,decolonial,andpluralisthorizon,whichcontributesradicallytoredefinethespacesoflegalityandtransformexistingcolonialrelationsintheperipheralsocietiesoftheglobalsouth.Therefore,itisproposedtoanalyzethisethicalnormativeconcept,startingfromacritical-socialandpluralistinterpretation,revealingthedisplacementofanthropocentrismfromeurocentricmodernitytoaworldviewpropertoandeanculture,whichprivilegeslifeandtherecognitionofdiversityasstructuringaxesofsocial,economic,legal,andpoliticalrelations.

简介：Thestructureoftheoptimalsolutionsetisderivedforlinearfractionaloptimizationproblemswiththerepresentationtheoremofpolyhedralsets．Andthecomputationalprocedureindeterminingalloptimalsolutionsisalsogiven．

简介：意外怪癖是为高大楼的地震设计的一个非标准的假设。考虑它要求地震抵抗的分析，它要求怪癖的结构的自然颤动的也耗时的计算或由为各怪癖的大小写使用一接近的相等的扭力的时刻发现一个静态的排水量答案。这研究建议一条其他的形式的反应光谱分析(MRSA)途径与意外怪癖计算地震回答。建议途径，把瑞利夸耀称为Projection-MRSA(RRP-MRSA)，基于MRSA和二策略被开发：获得怪人的近似模式的快计算的一个RRP方法组织的(a)；并且(b)装配怪人的集体矩阵的一条途径组织。RRP-MRSA的效率经由设计例子并且与标准MRSA(ST-MRSA)和一个近似方法相比被测试，即，相等的扭力的时刻混血儿MRSA(ETM-MRSA)。数字结果显示出那RRP-MRSA不仅几乎完成象ST-MRSA的一样的精确，并且比ETM-MRSA好一些，但是也是更节俭的。因此，RRP-MRSA能代替在地震设计的当前的意外怪癖计算。

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简介：当我们可能与男不孕的一条对症疗法的途径是舒适的时，我们为生活方式修正和被许多我们的病人使用的整体、互补、其他的治疗的知识也负责。这份报纸提供为几这些治疗把事实与小说分开的基于证据的评论。有足够的文学由饮食和锻练支持重量减小，吸停止，和白酒中等。在小使随机化的控制试用(RCT)上在男富饶上表明了积极效果的补充包括aescin，辅酶Q10,谷胱甘肽，朝鲜红人参，L肉毒碱，nigellasativa，omega-3，硒，锌的联合并且叶酸，并且Menevit抗氧化剂。对维生素C，维生素E，或藏花的使用没有支持。为中国草药的药的数据，针灸，头脑身体实践，阴囊的冷却，并且基于信心的愈合稀少或不确定。

简介：ThearticledescribestheexperiencesofalternativematerialsforthemanufacturingoftherefractorymaterialsinthecompanyP-DRefractoriesCZa.s.Theattentionisfocusedonenergyby-products(EBP).Energyby-productsaregeneratedduringburninganddesulphurizationinthermalpowerplants.Classicalhigh-temperatureflyash(classFflyashaccordingtoASTMC618)isthemostimportantandflyashfromfluidizedtechnology(classCflyash)isthesecondgroup.IntheCzechRepublic,powerplantsproduceabout14milliontonsofenergyby-productseveryyear.Utilizationoftheseproductsinceramictechnologymeansareductionofrawmaterialcostsandalsoithelpstoreduceadverseenvironmentalimpact.ClassFflyash(FFA)andcinderfromhightemperaturecombustion(CD)wereusedinlightweightinsulationfireclaybricks.Wecanusethesematerialsasagrogandalighteningagentformaterialswithbulkdensityover900kg·m-3andclassificationtemperatureupto1150℃.ClassCflyash(CFA)isbeingtestedinawiderangeoftherefractorymaterials.Forexample,itcanbeusedinlightweightfireclaybricks,fireclaybricksforstoves,acid-resistantfireclaybricksorrefractorycastables.Therangeofpotentialproducts,whereEBPcouldbeused,isverywideandenergyby-productshavebecomeanimportantrawmaterialsource.