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简介：Industryexpertsareincreasinglyfocusingonteamproductivityonteamproductivityasthekeytosuccess,thebaseoftheteameffortisthefour-foldstructureofsoftwareintermsoflogicalorganisation,physicalorganisation,managerialorganisation,anddynamicalstructure.WedescribetheideasputintoactionwithintheCMSsoftwarefororganisingsoftwareintosub-systemsandpackages,andtoestablishconfigurationmanagementinamultiprojectenvironment.Weuseastructurethatallowstomaximisetheindependenceofsoftwaredevelopmentinindividualareas,andatthesametimeemphasisestheoverwhelmingimportanceoftheinterdependenciesbetweenthepackagesandcomponentsinthesystem.Wecommentonreleaseprocedures,anddescribetheinter-relationshipbetweenrelease,development,integration,andtesting.

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简介：ItisindisputablethatRussiaisveryimportanttotheShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO)asitisaEurasianpowerandhasspecialrelationswithCentralAsia.Itisalsocorrectformanyanalysts

简介：FourtheditorialcommitteeofSPATisorganizedinFebruary2005.Thelistsofthecommitteemenforfourtheditorialcommitteeareenumeratedinbackcover.Fourtheditorialcommitteewouldliketothanktheacademicians,professorsandothercommitteemenforencouragement,helpfulsuggestsandcontinuoussupport.NeweditorialcommitteewillgohandinhandwiththecompanionstomakeSPATaninternationaljournal.

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简介：FoundedonJune15,2001,theShanghaiCooperationOrganization,anew-typeregionalcooperationorganization

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简介：AnnotationofthegenomesequenceoftheSARS-CoV(severeacuterespiratorysyndrome-associatedcoronavirus)isindispensabletounderstanditsevolutionandpathogenesis.WehaveperformedafullannotationoftheSARS-CoVgenomesequencesbyusingannotationprogramspubliclyavailableordevelopedbyourselves.Totally,21openreadingframes(ORFs)ofgenesorputativeuncharacterizedproteins(PUPs)werepredicted.SevenPUPshadnotbeenreportedpreviously,andtwoofthemwerepredictedtocontaintransmembraneregions.EightORFspartiallyoverlappedwithorembeddedintothoseofknowngenes,revealingthattheSARS-CoVgenomeisasmallandcompactonewithoverlappedcodingregions.ThemoststrikingdiscoveryisthatanORFlocatesontheminusstrand.Wehavealsoannotatednon-codingregionsandidentifiedthetranscriptionregulatingsequences(TRS)intheintergenicregions.TheanalysisofTRSsupportstheminusstrandextendingtranscriptionmechanismofcoronavirus.TheSNPanalysisofdifferentisolatesrevealsthatmutationsofthesequencesdonotaffectthepredictionresultsofORFs.

简介：AfghanistanisnotamembercountryoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO),noranobservercountryofit.However,AfghanistanhasspecialrelationswiththeSCO.InthewholehistoryoftheSCO,theAfghanissuehasneverbeenmissedonSCO'sradar.ThisismainlybecauseAfghanistaniscloselyrelatedtothesecurityoftheregionandremainsdeeply

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简介：Researchesonorganizationandstructureincomplexsystemsareacademicandindustrialfrontsinmodernsciences.Thoughmanytheoriesaretentativelyproposedtoanalyzecomplexsystems,westilllackarigoroustheoryonthem.Complexsystemspossessvariousdegreesoffreedom,whichmeansthattheyshouldexhibitallkindsofstructures.However,complexsystemsoftenshowsimilarpatternsandstructures.Thenthequestionariseswhysuchsimilarstructuresappearinallkindsofcomplexsystems.Thepaperoutlinesatheoryonfreedomdegreecompressionandtheexistenceofhierarchicalself-organizationforallcomplexsystemsisfound.Itisfreedomdegreecompressionandhierarchicalself-organizationthatareresponsiblefortheexistenceofthesesimilarpatternsorstructuresobservedinthecomplexsystems.

简介：OnJune15,2001,theheadsofstateofChina,Russia,Kazakhstan,Tajikistan,KyrgyzstanandUzbekistanissuedtheDeclarationontheEstablishmentoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganizationinShanghai,ChinaandsignedtheShanghaiConventiononCombatingTerrorism,SeparatismandExtremism.

简介：SouthAfricaNationalCivicOrganization(Sanco)heldits4thNationalConferencefrom12-13December2006inBloemfontein,thejudicialcapitalofSouthAfrica.Thereweremorethan1000delegatesfrom9provincestotheConference.TherepresentativesoftheChineseAssociationforInternationalUnderstanding(CAFIU)wereinvitedtoattendtheConference.Duringandaftertheconference,CAFIUrepresentativeshadextensivecontactsandexchangesofviewswiththeofficialsfromtheconcernedgovernmentdepartmentsandTripartiteAllianceandscholarsandexpertsfromacademiccircles,thushavingdeepenedtheirunderstandingofSanco.

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简介：Thecodontableforthecanonicalgeneticcodecanberearrangedinsuchawaythatthecodeisdividedintofourquartersandtwohalvesaccordingtothevari-abilityoftheirGCandpurinecontents,respectively.Forprokaryoticgenomes,whenthegenomicGCcontentincreases,theiraminoacidcontentstendtoberestrictedtotheGC-richquarterandthepurine-contentinsensitivehalf,whereallcodonsarefourfolddegenerateandrelativelymutation-tolerant.Conversely,whenthegenomicGCcontentdecreases,mostofthecodonsretracttotheAU-richquarterandthepurine-contentsensitivehalf;mostofthecodonsnotonlyremainencodingphysicochemicallydiversifiedaminoacidsbutalsovarywhentransversion(betweenpurineandpyrimidine)happens.Aminoacidswithsixfold-degeneratecodonsaredistributedintoallfourquartersandacrossthetwohalves;theirfourfold-degeneratecodonsareallpartitionedintothepurine-insensitivehalfinfavoriteofrobustnessagainstmutations.Thefeaturesmanifestedinthere-arrangedcodontableexplainmostoftheintrinsicrelationshipbetweenproteincodingsequences(theinformationalcontent)andaminoacidcompositions(thefunctionalcontent).Therenovatedcodontableisusefulinpredictingabundantaminoacidsandpositioningtheaminoacidswithrelatedordistinctphysicochem-icalproperties.