简介：AIMTo调查vasoactive的角色在形式剥夺的肠的肽(贵宾)近视(频分多路复用).METHODSFDM被放在三组八只小鸡创造一半透明在他们的右眼睛上更弥漫。Intravitreal注射盐并且贵宾一天被使用一次进组的堵塞眼睛2和3分别地。视网膜镜检法和轴的长度(AL)大小在第一和8th天更弥漫穿。在三个组的右眼睛和白天8上的第一个组的左眼睛的VIP受体和ZENK蛋白质的视网膜mRNA层次用在权利的中部的最后的折射(D)看的.RESULTSThe是的实时聚合酶链反应(PCR)被决定-13.75(-16.00,-12.00),-11.50(-12.50,-7.50),和-1.50(在组的-4.75,-0.75)1，2，和3，分别地(P<0.001)。在右眼睛的中部的AL(公里)是10.65(10.00，11.10)，9.90(9.70，10.00)，并且9.20(9.15，9.25)在组1，2，和3，分别地(P<0.001)。为VIP2受体的中部的三角洲三角洲周期阀值(CT)价值是1.07(0.82，1.43)，1.22(0.98，1.65)，0.29(0.22，0.45)在组的右眼睛1，2，和3，和1.18(0.90，1.37)在组1的左眼睛，分别地(P=0.001)。为ZENK蛋白质的中部的三角洲三角洲CT价值是1.07(0.63，5.03)，3.55(2.20，5.55)，在组的右眼睛无法发现1，2，和3和1.89(0.21，4.73)在组1的左眼睛，(P=0.001)分别地，.CONCLUSIONVIP在频分多路复用的发展有潜在的禁止的效果。

简介：IntroductionThereisnowanewwaytotreathypercholesterolemia,usingamonoclonalantibody(Evolocumab)thatbindstoandinhibitsPCSKA9.MostphysiciansknowthetermPCSK9buthavenoideawhatPCSK9standsfor(includingme).MypurposeforwritingthiseditorialistoeducatemyselfonwhatPCSK9isandwhatitdoes.MyhopeisthatIcanperhapseducatethosereadingthisdocumentaswell.

简介：Advancedagebringsahigherincidenceofthrombosis-relateddiseases.Althoughantithrombotictherapysignificantlyreducestheriskofischemicevents,relativelyhigherbleedingratesresultinincreasedmortalityandworseprognosisintheelderly.Thusthebenefitsandharmsofantithromboticdrugsshouldtobecarefullyevaluated.Inthisreview,wesummarizecurrentevidenceandupdatedguidelinesregardingantithrombotictherapyintheagingpopulation.

简介：Anticancerimmunotherapyhasundergonealongevolvingjourneyfordecades,andhasbeendramaticallyappliedtomainstreamtreatmentsinoncologyinrecent5years.Thisprogressrepresentsanadvancedmilestonefollowingcytotoxicmedicineandtargetedtherapy.Cellularimmunityplaysapivotalroleintheimmuneresponsesofhoststotumorantigens.Suchimmunityisnotablysuppressedduringneoplasticprogressionduetoimmuno-editingprocesses.Cellularimmunitycanalsobeselectivelyreactivatedtocombatmalignancieswhileexploitingtheadvantagesofcontemporaryscientificbreakthroughsinmolecularimmunologyandgeneticengineering.Therapidadvancementofcellularimmunity-basedtherapeuticapproacheshasachievedhighefficacyincertaincancerpatients.Consequently,thelandscapeofoncologicmedicineandpharmaceuticalinnovationhastransformedrecently.Inthisregard,wepresentacomprehensiveupdateonclinicallyestablishedanti-cancertreatmentswithcellimmunityaugmentationasthemajormechanismofaction.

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简介：Hearinglossisoneofthemostfrequenthealthissuesinindustrializedcountries.Thepathogenesisandmolecularmechanismsofhearinglossarestillunclear.Histonedeacetylases(HDACs)areemergingaskeyenzymesinmanyphysiologicalprocesses,includingchromatinremodeling,regulationoftranscription,DNArepair,metabolism,genomestabilityandproteinsecretion.RecentstudiesindicatedthatHDACsareassociatedwiththedevelopmentandprogressionofhearingloss.DysfunctionofHDACscouldpromotetheoxidativestressandagingintheinnerear.Inlightofconsideringthecurrentstagnationinthedevelopmentoftherapeuticoptions,theneedfornewstrategiesinthetreatmentofhearinglosshasneverbeensopressing.Inthisreview,wewillsummarizethereportedliteraturesforHDACsinhearinglossanddiscusshowHDACfamilymembersshowdifferentperformancesforthepossibilityofprocessofdiseasesdevelopment.Thepossibilityofpharmacologicalinterventiononhearinglossopensanovelpathinthetreatmentofhearingloss.

简介：DearEditor,IamDr.KhayWeiPohfromDepartmentofOphthalmology,HospitalKualaLumpur,Malaysia.IwritetoshareacaseofdiffusechoroidalhaemangiomainachildwithSturgerWebersyndromewhoshowedresolutionofexudativeretinal

简介：Alzheimer’sdisease(AD)isthemostcommontypeofdementiainelderlypopulation.WithagrowingagingpopulationnotonlyintheUnitedStatesbutalsointheworldwide,ADconstitutesanemergentpublichealthproblem.Overdecades,theprevailinghypothesiswasthatneurodegenerationmightresultfromoneortwoofthespecificlesions

简介：one-bead-one-compound(OBOC)组合的肽图书馆是一个强大的工具识别ligand和受体相互作用。这里，我们使用了OBOC图书馆技术识别对主要贝壳变应原tropomyosin的免疫球蛋白E(IgE)epitopes特定的mimotopes。有8-12氨基酸残余的OBOC肽图书馆为tropomyosin的IgEmimotopes与贝壳过敏症从病人与浆液样品被屏蔽。25mimotopes从屏蔽被识别，他们到tropomyosin特定的IgE的有约束力的反应被肽ELISA证实。这些mimotopes能基于顺序相同被划分成七簇，并且由聚类的mimotopes的EpiSearch印射的epitope被执行描绘并且证实mimotopes的有效性。五从六预言的epitopes被发现与tropomyosin的以前识别的epitopes重叠。为了推进，证实mimotopes的模仿潜力，BALB/c老鼠被使免疫，mimotopes结合了到锁眼恋栈者hemocyanin和assayed让他们的能力导致tropomyosin特定的抗体。那收到的mimotope免疫被发现有tropomyosin特定的免疫球蛋白G的提高的水平的BALB/c老鼠，然而并非收到了无关的mimotope的老鼠。这研究用整个sera开创OBOC图书馆的成功的申请屏蔽并且识别多重虾变应原mimotopes并且验证他们在vitro使用的模仿潜力，在vivo，并且在silico方法。

简介：Thedevelopmentofcancernanotherapeuticshasattractedgreatinterestintherecentdecade.Cancernanotherapeuticshaveovercomeseverallimitationsofconventionaltherapies,suchasnonspecificbiodistribution,poorwatersolubility,andlimitedbioavailability.Nanoparticleswithtunedsizeandsurfacecharacteristicsarethekeycomponentsofnanotherapeutics,andaredesignedtopassivelyoractivelydeliveranti-cancerdrugstotumorcells.Weprovideanoverviewofnanoparticle-baseddrugdeliverymethodsandcancertherapiesbasedontumor-targetingdeliverystrategiesthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.

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简介：Leber'scongenitalamaurosis(LCA)andrecentgenetherapyadvancementfortreatinginheritedretinopathieswereextensiveliteraturereviewedusingMEDLINE,PubMedandEMBASE.Adeno-associatedviralvectorswerethemostutilisedvectorsforoculargenetherapy.Conephotoreceptorcellsmightuseanalternatepathwaywhichwasnotreliantoftheretinalpigmentepithelium(RPE)derivedretinoidisomerohydrolase(RPE65)toaccessthe11-cisretinaldehydechromophore.Researcheffortsdedicatedontheprogressionofagene-basedtherapyforthetreatmentofLCA2.Suchgenetherapyapproacheswereextremelysuccessfulincanine,porcineandrodentLCA2models.TherecombinantAAV2.hRPE65v2adenoassociatedvectorcontainedtheRPE65cDNAandwasreplicationdeficient.ItsinvitroinjectionintargetcellsinducedRPE65proteinproduction.Thegenetherapytrialsthatweresofarconductedforinheritedretinopathieshavegeneratedpromisingresults.PhaseIclinicaltrialstocureLCAandchoroideremiademonstratedthatadeno-associatedviralvectorscontainingRPEgenesandphotoreceptorsrespectively,couldbesuccessfullyadministeredtoinheritedretinopathypatients.AphaseIIItrialispresentlyongoingandifsuccessful,itwillleadthewaytoadditionalgenetherapyattemptstocuremonogenic,inheritedretinopathies.

简介：Neurotrophicfactorscompriseessentialsecretedproteinsthathaveseveralfunctionsinneuralandnon-neuraltissues,mediatingthedevelopment,survivalandmaintenanceofperipheralandcentralnervoussystem.Therefore,neurotrophicfactorissuehasbeenextensivelyinvestigatedintothecontextofneurodegenerativediseases.Alzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseshowchangesintheregulationofspecificneurotrophicfactorsandtheirreceptors,whichappeartobecriticalforneuronaldegeneration.Indeed,neurotrophicfactorspreventcelldeathindegenerativeprocessesandcanenhancethegrowthandfunctionofaffectedneuronsinthesedisorders.Basedonrecentreports,thisreviewdiscussesthemainfindingsrelatedtotheneurotrophicfactorsupport–mainlybrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor–inthesurvival,proliferationandmaturationofaffectedneuronsinAlzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseaswellastheirputativeapplicationasnewtherapeuticapproachforthesediseasesmanagement.

简介：Multidrugresistance(MDR)isamajorobstacletosuccessfulcancertreatmentandiscrucialtocancermetastasisandrelapse.CombinationtherapyisaneffectivestrategyforovercomingMDR.However,thedifferentpharmacokinetic(PK)profilesofcombineddrugsoftenunderminethecombinationeffectinvivo,especiallywhengreatlydifferentphysicochemicalproperties(e.g.,thoseofmacromoleculesandsmalldrugs)combine.Toaddressthisissue,nanotechnology-basedcodeliverytechniqueshavebeenactivelyexplored.Theypossessgreatadvantagesfortumortargeting,controlleddrugrelease,andidenticaldrugPKprofiles.Thus,apowerfultoolforcombinationtherapyisprovided,andthetranslationfrominvitrotoinvivoisfacilitated.Inthisreview,wepresentasummaryofvariouscombinationstrategiesforovercomingMDRandthenanotechnology-basedcombinationtherapy.

简介：为了在长期的绿内障patients.METHODSA评估有中央角膜的subbasal神经纤维层的眼睛的表面变化和它的关联，没有任何眼睛的问题，眼睛的表面评估的未来的比较学习为至少6mo和25个正常题目的50只眼睛在使用二的25个病人或更多的antiglaucoma药的50只眼睛被执行作为控制。评估的学习参数包括了视觉尖酸，intraocular压力，眼睛的表面评估参数[荧光黄分散时间(FTBUT)，我测试的Schirmers，眼睛的表面染色分数和眼睛的表面疾病索引分数(OSDI)]，中央角膜的感觉(CochetBonnettaesthesiometer)，由在绿内障盒子和控制组中的共焦的microscopy.RESULTSThe平均数值的中央subbasal神经纤维层密度(SBNFLD)分别地如下：OSDI分数(35.89祣潴楫敮????????????木????€???€乔????偉?‰??????????倨???‵？？

简介：Thereisalackofinvestigationintothebiologicalcharacteristicsandpreoperativesystemictherapy(PST)foroccultbreastcancer(OBC).Forthisstudy,departmentalrecordsinBreastDiseaseCenterofPekingUniversityFirstHospitalfromJanuary2008toDecember2015wereretrospectivelyreviewedtoidentifycasesofOBC.Elevencaseswereincluded,andallpatientswerefemale,withamedianageof56(range:29–75)years.Thesensitivityofmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)was100%,andthefalsepositiveratewas33.3%.Basedonhistologicanalysisoftheaxillarynode,9(81.8%)casesweregrade3,and2(18.2%)casesweregrade2;4(36.4%)caseswere≥10%estrogenreceptor(ER)positiveand6(54.5%)humanepidermalgrowthreceptor2(HER2)positive.Ninecases(81.8%)exhibitedover30%Ki67expression.PSTwasperformedin5ofthe11cases.Thelymphnoderesponseratewas100%(5/5),butnocompleteremissionwasachieved.Inconclusion,aggressivesubtypeswerepredominantamongtheincludedcases,andPSTshouldbeconsideredforOBCtreatmentoptions.

简介：Objective:VitaminDreceptor(VDR)mediatesvitaminDactivity.WeexaminedwhetherVDRexpressioninexcisedmelanomatissuesisassociatedwithVDRgene(VDR)polymorphisms.Methods:WeevaluatedVDRproteinexpression(bymonoclonalantibodyimmunostaining),melanomacharacteristics,andcarriageofVDR-FokI-rs2228570(C>T),VDR-BsmI-rs1544410(G>A),VDR-ApaI-rs7975232(T>G),andVDR-TaqI-rs731236(T>C)polymorphisms(byrestrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism).Absenceorpresenceofrestrictionsitewasdenotedbyacapitalorlowerletter,respectively:'F'and'f'forFokI,'B'and'b'forBsmI,'A'and'a'forApaI,and'T'and't'forTaqIendonuclease.Seventy-fourItaliancutaneousprimarymelanomas(52.1±12.7yearsold)werestudied;51.4%werestageⅠ,21.6%stageⅡ,13.5%stageⅢ,and13.5%stageⅣmelanomas.VDRexpressionwascategorizedasfollows:100%positivevs.<100%;overthemedian20%(highVDRexpression)vs.≤20%(lowVDRexpression);absencevs.presenceofVDR-expressingcells.Results:StageImelanomas,Breslowthicknessof<1.00mm,levelIIClarkinvasion,Aaheterozygousgenotype,andAaTTcombinedgenotypeweremorefrequentinmelanomaswithhighvs.lowVDRexpression.CombinedgenotypesBbAA,bbAa,AATt,BbAATt,andbbAaTTweremorefrequentin100%vs.<100%VDR-expressingcells.CombinedgenotypeAATTwasmorefrequentinmelanomaslackingVDRexpression(oddsratio=14.5;P=0.025).VDRexpressionwasnotassociatedwithmetastasis,ulceration,mitosis>1,regression,tumor-infiltratinglymphocytes,tumoralinfiltrationofvasculartissues,additionalskinandnon-skincancers,andmelanomafamiliarity.Conclusions:WehighlightedthatVDRpolymorphismscanaffectVDRexpressioninexcisedmelanomacells.LowVDRexpressioninAATTcarriersisanewfindingthatmeritsfurtherstudy.VDRexpressionpossiblyposesimplicationsforvitaminDsupplementationagainstmelanoma.VDRexpressionandVDRgenotypemaybecomeprecisemedicinaltoolsformelanomainthefuture.

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简介：Mostmigrainepatientssufferfromcutaneousallodynia;however,theunderlyingmechanismsareunclear.Calcitoningene-relatedpeptide(CGRP)playsanimportantroleinthepathophysiologyofmigraine,anditistherefore,apotentialtherapeutictargetfortreatingthepain.Inthepresentstudy,aratmodelofconsciousmigraine,inducedbyrepeatedelectricalstimulationofthesuperiorsagittalsinus,wasestablishedandtreatedwithelectroacupunctureatFengchi(GB20)(depthof2–3mm,frequencyof2/15Hz,intensityof0.5–1.0mA,15minutes/day,for7consecutivedays).ElectroacupunctureatGB20significantlyalleviatedthedecreaseinhindpawandfacialwithdrawalthresholdsandsignificantlylessenedtheincreaseinthelevelsofCGRPinthetrigeminalganglion,trigeminalnucleuscaudalisandventroposteriormedialthalamicnucleusinratswithmigraine.NoCGRP-positivecellsweredetectedinthetrigeminalnucleuscaudalisorventroposteriormedialthalamicnucleusbyimmunofluorescence.Ourfindingssuggestthatelectroacupuncturetreatmentamelioratesmigrainepainandassociatedcutaneousallodyniabymodulatingthetrigeminovascularsystemascendingpathway,atleastinpartbyinhibitingCGRPexpressioninthetrigeminalganglion.