简介：MartinRenner，从事雅思教学和研究多年，深谙中西文化异同，用跨文化的视角，深入浅出地分析各种常见口语错误的成因及解决方案。本期，作者将继续为您指出中国考生在雅思口语考试中最常见的口语错误，愿借此让读者学习到大量实用地道的英语表达。

简介：Correctionisprovidedintheorallanguageclass-roomtohelplearnersidentifyproblematicareas,re-formulaterulesintheirminds,sospeakmoreaccu-rately.However,manycorrectiontechniquesseemtofrustrateandintimidateratherthanenlighten.Thisarticlereviewscurrentcorrectiontechniques.Itthendescribeshowcertainfeaturesoftheclozeprocedurecanbeadaptedintoasimplecorrectionprocedureef-fectiveinelicitingself-andpeer-correctionfromstu-dents.

简介：

简介：Insightsintolearnererrorsvarygreatly:Contrastiveanalystsholdtheviewthaterrorsarefaultyversionofthetargetlanguageandsignsoflearningfailureandthusmustbecorrected;Corderregardslearnererrorsasevidenceofthelearner’sactivelearningandasthemostimportantsourceofinformationaboutthenatureofhisknowledge;DulayandBurl’sresearchshowsthatlearnererrorsaredevelopmental;Taronenoticesthatoccurrenceoflearnererrorschangesindifferentsituationsaccordingtodifferenttasks;Krashenmaintainsthatlearnererrorscanbetotallyignoredforthesimplereasonthattheywilldisappearatacertainstage.Wesuggestthaterrorcorrectiontakeintoconsiderationthefollowingfactors:(l)source,(2)type,(S)acquisitionorder,(4)tasktypeandcontext;andthaterrorcorrectionshouldn’t(1)hindercommunication,(2)discouragethelearner,(3)putthelearneronthedefensive,(4)causeanxiety.

简介：ThegeneralresultsonconvergenceoftheIshikawaiterationprocedureswitherrorsforLipschitzianφ-strongpseudo-contractionsandnonlinearoperatorequationsofφ-stronglyaccretivetypeisestablishedinarbitraryBanachspaces.Asthedirectapplications,somestabilityresultsoftheIshikawaiterationmethodsforψ-strongpseudo-contractionsandnonlinearoperatorequationsofφstrnglyaccretivetypearealsogiven.OurresultsinthispaperimproveandextendtherecentresultsduetoOsilikeandotherauthors.

简介：SpecimensofPbTesinglefilmaredepositedonGesubstratesbyvacuumthermalevaporation.Duringthetemperaturerangeof80–300K,thetransmittanceofaPbTefilmwithin2–15μmismeasuredevery20KbythePerkinElmerFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopycryogenictestingsystem.Then,therelationshipbetweentherefractiveindexandwavelengthwithin7–12μmatdifferenttemperaturesisreceivedbythefullspectruminversionmethodfitting.ItcanbeseenthattherelationshipconformstotheCauchyformula,whichcanbefitted.Then,therelationshipbetweentherefractiveindexofthePbTefilmandthetemperature/wavelengthcanbeexpressedasn(λ,T)=5.82840-0.00304T+4.61458×10~(-6)T~2+8.00280∕λ~2+0.21544∕λ~4,whichisobtainedbythefittingmethodbasedontheCauchyformula.Finally,thedesignedvalueobtainedbytheformulaandthemeasuredspectrumarecomparedtoverifytheaccuracyoftheformula.

简介：Basedontotalreflectionprinciple,acompactliquid-refractiveindexmeasuringequipmentwasdesignedandfabricated,inwhichadiodelaserwasusedaslightsourceandacharge-coupleddevice(CCD)asphotodetector.Theinfluenceonmeasurementaccuracyofthewavelengthshiftandintensityfluctuationofthediodelaserweresurmountedbyaneffectivefeedbackmethod.Itiscrucialwhetherthediodelasercouldbeusedinsuchasystem.

简介：Inordertogiveacompleteandaccuratedescriptionaboutthesensitivityofefficientportfoliostochangesinassets'expectedreturns,variancesandcovariances,thejointeffectofestimationerrorsinmeans,variancesandcovariancesontheefficientportfolio'sweightsisinvestigatedinthispaper.Itisprovedthattheefficientportfolio'scompositionisaLipschitzcontinuous,differentiablemappingoftheseparametersundersuitableconditions.Thechangerateoftheefficientportfolio'sweightswithrespecttovariationsaboutriskreturnestimationsisderivedbyestimatingtheLipschitzconstant.Ourgeneralquantitativeresultsshowthattheefficientportfolio''sweightsarenormallynotsosensitivetoestimationerrorsaboutmeansandvariances.Moreover,wepointoutthoseextremecaseswhichmightcausestabilityproblemsandhowtoavoidtheminpractice.Preliminarynumericalresultsarealsoprovidedasanillustrationtoourtheoreticalresults.

简介：

简介：

简介：IntroductionTheattitudestowardsforeignlearners’errorshavechangedremarkablyfromthe1960storecentyears.Intheeyesofbehaviouristsinthe1960s,errorswereconsideredterrible.Teacherstriedtostructuretheclassroomsituationsoastomakeitideallyimpossibleforstudentstomakeerrors.SincetheevolutionofChomsky’stheoryandmodernism,teachershavebeguntobelievethatcommunicationinthelanguageismoreimportantthanasterileperfectionofform.andtherefore,theyhavebecomemoretolerantofstudents’errors.Makingerrorshasbeenrecognisedmoreandmoreasinevitableandasanessentialpartoflanguagelearning.

简介：Polygonalmodelsarepopularrepresentationsof3Dobjects.Theuseofpolygonalmodelsincomputationalapplicationsoftenrequiresamodeltoproperlybounda3Dsolid.Thatis,thepolygonalmodelneedstobeclosed,manifold,andfreeofself-intersections.Thispapersurveysasizeableliteratureforrepairingmodelsthatdonotsatisfythiscriteria,focusingoncategorizingthembytheirmethodologyandcapability.Wehopetoofferpointerstofurtherreadingsforresearchersandpractitioners,andsuggestionsofpromisingdirectionsforfutureresearchendeavors.

简介：

简介：Inthecontextoftowermeasuredradiationdatasets.followingthecorrectionprinciplemeetingadiagnosticequationindataqualitycontrolandintermsofatechniqueformodelconstructionondataandANN(artificialneuralnetwork)retrievalforBPcorrectionofradiationmeasurementswithrougherrorsavailable,aBPmodelispresented.Evidencesuggeststhatthedevelopedmodelworkswellandissuperiortoaconvenientmultivariatelinearregressionmodel,indicatingitswideapplications.

简介：The students are then asked to make a decision,a reader must be equipped with both the knowledge of language and of the world,and the second speaker wants to tell that a man is no more necessary to a woman than a bicycle to a fish. The Chinese student might feel at a loss for the meaning because he or she often overlooks the confusing

简介：

简介：Thispaperstudiesthemodel-robustdesignproblemforgeneralmodelswithanunknownbiasorcontaminationandthecorrelatederrors.ThetrueresponsefunctionisassumedtobefromareproducingkernelHilbertspaceandtheerrorsarefittedbytheqthordermovingaverageprocessMA(q),especiallytheMA(1)errorsandtheMA(2)errors.Inbothsituations,designcriteriaarederivedintermsoftheaverageexpectedquadraticlossfortheleastsquaresestimationbyusingaminimaxmethod.Acaseisstudiedandtheorthogonalityofthecriteriaisprovedforthisspecialresponse.Therobustnessofthedesigncriteriaisdiscussedthroughseveralnumericalexamples.

简介：InthispaperthelimitingdistributionoftheleastsquareestimatefortheautoregressivecoefficientofanearlyunitrootmodelwithGARCHerrorsisderived.Sincethelimitingdistributiondependsontheunknownvarianceoftheerrors,anempiricallikelihoodratiostatisticisproposedfromwhichconfidenceintervalscanbeconstructedforthenearlyunitrootmodelwithoutknowingthevariance.Togainanintuitivesensefortheempiricallikelihoodratio,asmallsimulationfortheasymptoticdistributionisgiven.

简介：Atestforlinearityintimeserieswithβ-ARCHerrorsisproposedinthispaper.Theempiricalpercentagepointsfortsetstatisticarealsogiven.Thesimulatingresultsundernormalandnon-normalerrordistributionsshowthattestsuggestedbyusisverypower

简介：ThepaperpresentsandprovesanapproximateoptimalrelationshipbetweensamplesizenandacceptancenumbercinthesamplingplansunderimperfectinspectionwhichminimizetheBayesianrisk.TheconclusiongeneralizestheresultobtainedbyA.Haldontheassumptionthattheinspectionisperfect.