简介:摘要:能源、资源与环境问题是影响人类经济可持续发展和社会和谐的重要因素,化石能源的巨大消耗使得在全球范围内出现能源危机。建设节约型社会,减少热损失、能源浪费和提高热能利用率是整体发展趋势。气凝胶独特的三维纳米孔洞结构赋予其极低的导热系数,被认为是一种“超级绝热材料”广泛应用于航空航天、城市热力管网、石油化工管道、工业窑炉等领域。但气凝胶脆弱的纳米多孔结构导致其自身的强度极低,易碎,难以直接应用于隔热防护领域。因此,本文针对气凝胶材料的增强进行了多角度、深层次的分析与研究,希望可以推动气凝胶材料性能的提升,发挥气凝胶材料在能源节约方面的优势,为国民经济作出贡献。
简介:【摘要】 气凝胶是一种由纳米高聚物分子构成的新型多孔网格结构材料。常见的二氧化硅 (SiO 2 ) 气凝胶的密度为 0.003 ~ 0.15g/cm 3 , 90% 以上纳米级孔隙率,尺寸小于 50nm ,其在热学、声学和光学等方面展现出优越的特性。在热学方面,常温下的 SiO 2 气凝胶的多孔网格结构对固态和气体热传导能起到有效抑制作用,具有高效的隔热性能和极低的热导率, SiO2 气凝胶还能在 950℃ 高温下保持良好的多孔网络结构。因此, SiO 2 气凝胶是目前公认的最优秀的轻质保温超级隔热材料,在建筑节能、航空航天、医学、化工、冶金等领域具有广阔和极具潜力的应用前景。
简介:Theeffectofλ/2SiO2overcoatonthelaserdamagecharacteristicsofHfO2/SiO2high-reflector(HR)coatingsisinvestigatedwith1-on-1andN-on-1laserdamagetestmethods.Thelaserdamagesurfaceof1-on-1isanalyzedbyastepanalyzer.ThesurfacemorphologiesshowthatlaserdamagemakesthecoatingdamagedareaprotrudentandroughforHRcoatingwithoutλ/2silicaovercoat,butconcaveandsmoothforHRcoatingwithλ/2silicaovercoat.Theresultof10-on-1multi-pulseirradiationonthesamepointofthecoatingshowsthatthereisanenergydensitystageonthedamagecurve.Ifthelaserenergydensityiswithintherangeofthestage,HfO2/SiO2HRcoatingswithλ/2silicaovercoatwillnotbedamagedmorethan2timesformulti-shots,andthesurfacedamagesareveryslightsothatthereisnoimpactonthecoatingperformance.Anotherinterestingresultisthattheenergydensitystageextendsfromthedamagethresholdtothepointofabout3timesofthreshold,whichissimilartotheeffectofthelaserconditiononcoating.
简介:TheapproachofutilizingcombustionsynthesistomakefineparticlesofSiO2,Al2O3andTiO2isaquitemoderntechnology.Throughthechemicalreactioninpost-flameregion,fineSiO2particlescanbeformedwithhighpurityonplatesurface.Therefore,thecombustionsynthesisofSiO2powdersisanimportantareaforfurtherresearchanddevelopment,especiallyfortheapplicationofSiO2inthesemiconductorindustry.Thisinvestigationproposesanexperimentalapproach(i.e.,agas-phasecombustionsynthesis)usingtwodifferentkindsoforganiccompounds,Hexamethyldisilazane(HMDSA)andHexamethyldisioxane(HMDSO),asthesiliconprecursors.ApremixedgasburnerischosenwithC3H8asfuel,airasoxidantandpartoftheairwasusedasthecarryinggastoentrainHMDSA/HMDSOvaporintothecombustiblemixture.ObservationsshowthattheC3H8/airflamechangedcolorfromapale-blueflametolightyellowandthenorangewhendifferentamountsofprecursorswereintroduced.Throughthechemicalreactioninthepost-flameregion,fineSiO2particleswereformedinthegasphaseandthenquenchedandcollectedonanaluminumflatplate.TheobjectiveofthispaperistostudytheeffectsofHMDSOandHMDSAconcentrationsandflametemperaturesonthesynthesisofSiO2particles.
简介:Thioglycolicacid(TGA)-stabilizedCdTenanocrystals(NCs)werepreparedwithsodiumtelluriteastelluriumsource,whichavoidsthecumbersomeprocessesassociatedwithH2TeorNaHTesources.FluorescentCdTe/SiO2compositesweresynthesizedbyasol-gelmethodwithouttheexchangeofsurfaceligands.ThephasestructureofCdTeNCswasinvestigatedbyX-raydiffractometry.Forcomparison,somecharacterizationsweredoneforboththeCdTeNCsandthecomposites.CdTeNCsandCdTe/SiO2compositeswerecharacterizedwithTEM,digitalcameraandfluorescencespectrophotometer.ThestabilityofCdTeNCsandthecompositeswereinvestigatedinphosphate-bufferedsaline(PBS)bufferandthefluorescentpropertiesofthecompositeswerediscussedindetail.
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简介:Iron(Ⅲ)-dopednanostructureTiO2-coatedSiO2(TiO2/SiO2)particleswerepreparedusingthelayer-by-layeras-semblytechniqueandtheirphotocatalyticpropertywasstudied.TiO2colloidsweresynthesizedemployingthesol-gelmethodwithTiCl4asaprecursor.ThesampleswerecharacterizedbyFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR),SEM,EDS,XPS,andXRD.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatTiO2nanopowdersonthesurfaceofSiO2particlesarewelldistributed,theamountofTiO2isincreasedwiththeaddingofcoatinglayers,thepureanatase-TiO2coatinglayersaresynthesizedat500°C,andthephotocatalyticactivityofFe3+-dopedTiO2/SiO2ishigherthanthatofundopedTiO2/SiO2.
简介:以聚合物或改性油脂作为纳米粒子前驱体的分散载体,可以将纳米粒子前驱体引入革纤维间隙间;纳米前驱体在一定pH条件下水解原位产生无机纳米粒子,通过无机纳米粒子和蛋白质间的有机-无机杂化作用,实现对生皮的鞣制。研究了无机纳米粒子和蛋白质的作用机理,有机无机纳米杂化对成革热稳定性的影响以及无机纳米粒子在革纤维中的尺寸大小及其分布,并选择黄曲霉、黑曲霉和拟青霉作为代表菌种,采用圆片培养皿法,研究纳米粒子的引入对成革防霉性的影响。结果表明,无机纳米粒子在蛋白质纤维中分布均匀,粒径小于150nm;与铬鞣革相比,纳米鞣革对黑曲霉和拟青霉生长具有明显的抑制作用,铬鞣革培养3天开始有霉菌生长,而纳米SiO2鞣革培养4天也没有霉菌生长,显示了良好的防霉性能。