简介：TheSaemangeumprojectincludeswell-developedtidalflats,twoestuariesoftheMankyeongandDongjinrivers,andachainofsmalliskandsintheouterareaoffthedikebyreclaimingasurfaceareaof40100ha.Alongseadikeof30kmhasbeenconstructedinthemid-westareaofKorea.ThispaperdescribestheconstructionoftidaldikesfocusingonthefinalclosureoperationperformedinApril,2006employingintermediatetechnology.Predictivemodellingwasalsocarriedouttopredictthereal-timeflowfieldsduringthegradualclosureoperationofthefinalstage.

简介：Asthepresentcenturydrawstoaclose,theyear1994isexpectedtowitnessanewroundoftidalwavesweepingtheworldintheformofin-depthpolicyad-justmentsandreformsinavarietyofnations,allwiththeirownfuturestatusintheforthcomingcenturyinmind.Thecatchwordinthenewyearwillbeinternationaldiversityintunewiththeglobaltransitiontomultipolarity.Thefocusislikelytobeonthereformofandcompetitionamongdifferentsocialsystemsanddivergenteco-

简介：Researchoftidaltriggeringofearthquakesinrecentyearsissystematicallyreviewed,focusingontherelationshipbetweenthephasesofthemoonandseismicactivity,earthquakestriggeredbytidalforcesanditscomponents,basedonthelargesamplestatisticstodiscussthetidaltriggeringofanearthquake.Therelationshipbetweenthephaseofthemoonandseismicactivityisapreliminarystudyoftidaltriggeringofearthquakes,andthemodulationratioisaquantitativedescriptionofit.Usingtheresolutionoftidalstresstostudyseismicactivityisawaytorevealtherelationshipbetweenthetidesandearthquakesfromthemechanicspointofview.Largesamplestatisticsisanotherwaytostudytherelationshipbetweenthetidalandearthquakefromtheviewofstatistics.Inmanystatisticalmethods,Schuster'stestisusedmorewidely,whichtakesmanyfactorsintoaccount,suchasfocalmechanism,tidalstress,andstatisticalteststoquantitativelyanalyzethetidaltriggeringeffectonearthquakes.

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简介：TherelationshipbetweenP(springtidalprism)andA(throatareabelowmeansealevel)isstatisticallyanalysedintermsof29tidalinletsorbaysalongtheHuanghaiSea(YellowSea)andBohaiSeacoasts.For15ofthesetidalinlets,thebestregressionequationisA(km2)=0.845/>(km3)1.20.TheanalysisshowsthatCandnarelittledifferentfromthoseintheP-ArelationshipfortheinletsoftheSouthChinaSeaandEastChinaSeacoasts.ItisnotedthattherelationshipbetweenPandAisunstablebecauseofthedifferenceinsedimentabundance.ThestudyshowsthataunitedP-Arelationshipcanbeobtainedforthetidalinletsoflagoontypeandbay-drowned-valleytype,notcontainingsomehalf-circleshapebayswhichconfrontdeepwater.Thesehalf-circlebaysdonotbelongtotidalinletsbecausetheydonothaveenoughsedimentabundanceandarefairlyopen.

简介：Theharmonicanalysismethodbasedonhighandlowwaterlevelsisdiscussedinthispaper.Inordertomakefulluseoftheinformationofhighandlowwaterobservations(thetimederivativeofwaterlevelattheobservationtimeiszero),theweightcoefficient,w,isintroducedtocontroltheimportanceofthepartrelatedtothisinformationintheerrorformula.Themajordiurnalconstituents,O1andK1,andsemi-diurnalconstituents,N2,M2andS2areselecteddirectlyfromthemonthlydataanalysis,andsomeotherimportantconstituents,P1,v2andK2,areincludedastheinferredconstituents.Theobtainedharmonicconstantsofthemajorconstituentsareveryclosetothoseobtainedfromtheanalysisofhourlydata,andthisshowsthathighandlowwaterdatacanbeusedtoextracttidalconstantswithhighaccuracy.Theanalysisresultalsoshowsthattheinferenceandtheweightingcoefficientareimportantinthehighandlowwaterdataanalysis,anditissuggestedthatw≥1shouldbetakeninmonthlyhighandlowwaterdataanalysis.Thisanalysismethodcanbeuseddirectlytoanalyzealtimetricdatawithw=0.

简介：TheresultsobtainedusingthegroupmodelofearthquakesgeneratedintectonicblocksarefurtherusedinthispapertoanalyzetherelationshipbetweentheMs≥7.0eventsinChinesemainlandandthemodulationandtriggeringfromtheearthtides.TheresearchshowsthattheMs7.0eventsinChinesemainlandhavebeensignificantlytriggeredbythetidalstress,especiallywithintheactiveperiodwithgroupstrongearthquakes.Inthequiescenceperiodofstrongearthquakes,noMs7.0eventsweretriggered,whilewithintheactiveperiod,over82.4%ofstrongearthquakestookplacewithinaspecialmoonphase,whichis36.4%higherthantheaverage.Therefore,themodulationandtriggeringoftidalstresscanbeusedtodistinguishtheactiveperiodsandtoforecastthetimeofthestrongearthquakeswithintheactiveperiod.Therelationshipbetweenthetidaltriggeringandthetectonicdynamicconditionisinvestigatedandthemechanismofthemodulationissimulatedwiththegroupmodelofearthquakesgeneratedintectonicblocks.

简介：Offshoredrillingandproductionoperationscanresultinspillsorleaksofhydrocarbonsintoseabedsediments,whichcanpotentiallycontaminatethesesedimentswithoil.Ifthisoillatermigratestothewatersurfaceithasthepotentialfornegativeenvironmentalimpacts.Forpropercontingencyplanningandtoavoidlargerconsequencesintheenvironment,itisessentialtounderstandmechanismsandratesforhydrocarbonmigrationfromoilcontainingsedimentstothewatersurfaceaswellashowmuchwillremaintrappedinthesediments.Itisbelievedthattheamountofoiltransportedoutofthesedimentcanbeaffectedbytidalpumping,acommonformofsubterraneangroundwaterdischarge(SGD).However,wecouldfindnostudyexperimentallyinvestigatingthephenomenonoffluidflowinsubseasedimentscontainingoilandtheeffectsoftidalpumping.Thisstudypresentsanexperimentalinvestigationoftidalpumpingtodetermineifitisapossiblemechanismthatmaycontributetotheappearanceofanoilsheenontheoceansurfaceaboveasedimentbedcontainingoil.AnexperimentalapparatuswasconstructedofclearPVCpipeallowingforoilmigrationtobemonitoredasitflowedoutofasandpackcontainingoil,whiletidalpressureoscillationswereappliedinthreedifferentmanners.Theeffectoftidalpumpingwassimulatedviacompressionofairabovethewater(whichsimulatedtheincreasingstaticheadfromtidalexchange).Experimentalresultsshowthatsustainedoilreleaseoccurredfromalltests,andtestswithoscillatingpressureproducedforlongerperiodsoftime.Furthermore,theexperimentalresultsshowedthattheoilmigrationratewasaffectedbygrainsize,oilsaturation,andoscillationwavetype.Inalloscillatingexperimentstherateandultimaterecoverywaslessthanthecomparablestaticexperiments.Fortheconditionsstudied,theexperimentalresultsindicatethatwithanoscillatingpressureontopofasandpack,movementofanon-replenishingsourceofoilissuppressed

简介：-Acombinednumericalmodelforcomputingmixingareasofpollutionverticaljetdischargingintotidalflowshasbeendeveloped.Thisnumericalmodeliscomposedofa2-Ddepth-averageddynamicfar-fieldnumericalmodelanda2-Dverticaldynamicnear-fieldnumericalmodel.Theformerusesfinitenodemethodtocomputevelocity,andimprovedfinitenodemethodtocomputepollutantconcentrationdistribution;thelatterisak-eturbulencemodel,andusesSIMPLE(Semi-ImplicitMethodforPressureLinkedEquations)methodtocomputevelocity.Atthesametime,theformerprovidesboundaryconditionsforthelatter.Thismodelcansimulatebothfar-fieldpollutantconcentrationdistributionandnear-fieldverticalrecirculationquicklyandprecisely.ThismodelhasbeenverifiedbymeasureddataofpollutantFoftheDachangreachoftheChangjingRiverandtestdatapresentedbyChenelal.(1992).Onthebasisofverification,theauthorsuseadesignedhydrographtocomputethismixingareaforacer

简介：Thetidalasymmetry-inducedsiltationbelowtidalbarriersisaworldwideproblemthatrestrictsregionalsocio-economicandenvironmentaldevelopment.Thehydrodynamicprocessesofthesmallmudestuaryalsofeatureahighuncertaintyafterestuaryrestorationmeasures.Inthisstudy,ahydrodynamicmodelbasedontheMIKE21isusedtoquantifytheresponsesoftidalasymmetrytoatwo-phaserestorationprojectinShuanglongEstuary,BohaiBay,China.Accordingtothenumericalmodelingresults,thetidalflatremovalintheupperestuary(first-phaserestoration)inducesthefloodasymmetryswitchingtotheebbasymmetryinunrestoredreachbutenhancesfloodasymmetryinwideningrestoredreach.Althoughthetidalasymmetryrevertstoflood-dominatedpatternafterfullrestorationovertheestuary,theimbalancebetweenfloodandebbvelocitiesisrelieved.Apossiblenetsedimenttransportpatternbasedonacomparisonofdominantasymmetriccurrentandactualsedimenttransportperiodshowsnetsedimentsintheupperestuaryandinlettransportseawardandlandward,respectively,inthefirst-phaserestoration,whereaslandwardnetsedimenttransportoccursinthewholeestuaryunderthesecond-phaserestorationscenario.Giventheseresults,weassumethataswitchfromtheflood-dominatedestuarytoebb-dominatedestuarycanbecausedbyredesigningthecross-sectionalprofile.ThequantitativecomparisonofLagrangianresidualcurrentsalsoimpliesthatachannel–shoalstructureratherthanaflatbathymetrycanpromotethemasstransport.Therefore,reshapingthechannel–tidalflatsysteminrestorationprojectscanpreventthesedimentationoftheestuaryandimprovethewaterenvironment.

简介：在这研究，垂直的轴有灵活的片的潮汐的汽轮机被调查。焦点在在汽轮机网络输出力量上分析灵活机翼类型和片灵活性的效果上。到这个目的，五个不同灵活机翼(对称、非对称)被采用。结果证明一个厚灵活对称的机翼罐头的使用有效地与那相比增加产量力量与常规僵硬的片可完成。而且，与不太灵活或僵硬的片对比，高度灵活的片的使用没被推荐。

简介：Accuratedeterminationofflushingtimeiscrucialformaintainingsustainableproductioninfishculturezones(FCZs),asitrepresentsthephysicalself-purificationcapabilityviatidalexchangewithcleanwaterintheoutersea.However,owingtothetemporalandspatialcomplexityofthecoastalflushingprocess,existingmethodsfordeterminingflushingtimemaynotbegenerallyapplicable.Inthispaper,asystematicmethodfordeterminingtheflushingtimeinFCZsispresented,inwhichbathymetry,runoff,tidalrangeandstratificationareproperlyaccountedfor.Wedeterminetheflushingtimevianumericaltracerexperiments,usingrobust3Dhydrodynamicandmasstransportmodels.ForFCZslocatedinshelteredandland-lockedtidalinlets,thesystemboundarycanbenaturallydefinedattheconnectionwiththeopensea.ForFCZslocatedinopenwaters,hydrodynamictrackingisfirstusedtoassesstheextentoftidalexcursionandthusdelimittheinitialboundarybetweencleanwaterandpollutedwater.ThisgeneralmethodisappliedtoalldesignatedmarineFCZsinHongKongforboththedryandwetseasons,including20shelteredFCZs(insemi-enclosedwatersofToloHarbour,MirsBay,andPortShelter)and6FCZsinopenwaters.OurresultsshowthatflushingtimeisthelongestininnerPortShelter(about40daysindryseason),andtheshortestfortheFCZsinopenwaters(lessthanoneweekindryseason).Inaddition,theflushingtimeindryseasoniscommonlylongerthanthatinwetseason:20%~40%formostwell-shelteredFCZs;2.6~4timesfortheothers.Ourresultsindicateapositivecorrelationbetweentheflushingtimeanddistancetoopenboundary,supportingtheviewthattheflushingtimeofaFCZiscloselyrelatedtoitslocation.ThisstudyprovidesasolidbasisformariculturemanagementsuchasthedeterminationofcarryingcapacityofFCZs.

简介：潮汐的流动是一个周期的运动不稳定、不一致，它显然有加速和减速过程，特别在沿海的浅水里。潮汐的流动雷纳兹应力的垂直分发从线性分发背离了的许多研究表演。潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的寓言的分发被歌等建议。(2009)。尽管模型更好充满领域观察和室内的试验性的数据，它有潮汐的流动雷纳兹应力的更低的截断的系列扩大，并且对分发的描述不是很全面的。由介绍潮汐的流动的运动方程并且改善，寓言的分发由歌等建立了。(2009)，潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的立方的分发被建议。立方的分发被领域数据验证很好(Bowden和Fairbairn，1952；Bowden等，1959；Rippeth等，2002)并且试验性的数据(Anwar和阿特金斯，1980)，与Kuo等的数字模型结果一致。(1996)，并且与潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的寓言的分发相比。这立方的分布比寓言的分发，而且罐头不仅好，这更好被显示出反映与潮汐的流动减速与潮汐的流动加速并且向上向下从线性分发背离的雷纳兹应力的基本特征，为潮汐的流动的速度侧面上的进一步的学习的基础。

简介：TheavailabledataontidalcurrentsspanningperiodsgreaterthansixmonthsforthecontinentalshelfoftheEastChinaSea(26°30.052′N,122°35.998′E)wereanalyzedusingseveralmethods.TidalCurrentHarmonicAnalysisresultsdemonstratedthatsemi-diurnaltidesdominatedthecurrentmovement.Thetidalcurrentsoftheprincipaldiurnalandsemidiurnalrotatedclockwisewithdepth,withthedeflectionofthemajorsemi-axestotherightintheupperlayerandtotheleftinthelowerlayer.Theverticalstructuresoftwoprincipalsemi-diurnalconstituents-M2andS2-weresimilar,whichindicatesthatthetidalcurrentsaremainlybarotropicinthisarea.Themainfeaturesofthevariationofthefourprincipaltidalconstituentswithdepthdemonstratethatthecurrentsinthisregionareinfluencedbytheupperandlowerboundarylayers.Therefore,thetidalconstituentsoftheshallowwateraresimilar.DifferentverticalmodeswerecalculatedbasedontheEmpiricalOrthogonalFunction(EOF)analysisoftheEasternandNortherncomponentsofthetidalcurrents,withavariancecontributionforthezero-ordermodelofatleast90%.Thevariancecontributionofthebaroclinicmodelisminimal,whichfurtherrevealsastrongbarotropiccharacterforthetidalcurrentsofthisregion.

简介：Thefinitevolumemethod(FVM)hasmanyadvantagesin2-Dshallowwaternumericalsimulation.Inthisstudy,thefinitevolumemethodisusedwithunstructuredtriangulargridstosimulatethetidalcurrents.TheRoeschemeisappliedinthecalculationoftheintercellnumericalflux,andtheMUSCLmethodisintroducedtoimproveitsaccuracy.Thetimeintegralisatwo-stepschemeofforecastandrevision.Fortheverificationofthepresentmethod,theStoker'sproblemiscalculatedandtheresultiscomparedwiththemathematicallyanalyticsolutions.Thecomparisonindicatesthatthemethodisfeasible.Aseaareaofaportisusedasanexampletotestthemethodestablishedhere.Theresultshowsthatthepresentcomputationalmethodissatisfactory,anditcouldbeappliedtotheengineeringfields.

简介：精力流动，底部边界层(BBL)精力驱散，表面举起振幅和在Bering海的主要半天的潮汐的成分的当前的大小的空间分发详细被检验。这些分布从一个三维的数字模拟模型(POM)的结果被获得。与来自七个车站的观察数据相比，潮汐的高度的根均方差分别地为M2和N2是2.6厘米和1.2厘米，并且阶段落后的那些是21.8景吗？

简介：TheChangjiangRiverDeltaisadeltaoftremendousscalewhichisformedunderthecontroloftideandtidalcurrents.ThestudyontheroleoftideandtidalcurrentsintheprocessofformationanddevelopmentoftheChangjiangRiverDeltacanprovideatypicalexamplefortheocean-continentinteractionprocessintheeastareaofourcountry.ThetideandtidalcurrentsintheBohaiSea,YellowSeaandEastChinaSeaatthepost-glacialtransgressionmaximumaresimulated,thesedimenttransportfieldinthePaleo-ChangjiangRiverEstuary(PCRE)anditsperipheralareaatthattimeiscalculated,andtheseabederosion/accretionpatternisobtainedaccordingtothedivergenceofsedimenttransportrate.Theresultsshowthatadistinctivewavebellyofstandingtidalwaveexistedatthepost-glacialtransgressionmaximumandthewavebellylinesprotrudedseawardsfromthewavebellypointinthemouthofthePCRE.Underthewavebellycontroltidalcurrentsconvergetoordivergefromthewavebell

简介：Byuseofthehydrodynamicmodel,theharmonicconstantsof8principaltidalconstituents(Q_1,O_1,P_1,K_1,N_2,M_2,S_2andK_2)areobtainedfortheEastChinaSea,andtheharmonicconstantofS_aiscalculatedbytwo-dimensionalinterpolation.Thecalculatedresultsagreewellwiththeobserveddataaroundthesea.TheharmonicconstantscanbeusedtopredictthetideintheEastChinaSea.Thecotidalchartsofthe9tidalconstituentsrevealtheirdistribution.

简介：一三维(3-D)有限体积沿海的海洋模型(FVCOM)在Benoa海湾被用于水循环和海水交换的学习，巴里岛。M2潮汐的部件在开的边界被强迫，来自六条河的分泌物在数字计算被包括。FVCOM生产的M2潮汐的举起与观察数据有一个好协议。M2潮汐的水流成功地也在ebb潮和洪水潮条件下面被计算。非线性的M2潮汐的剩余水流被海岸线几何学生产，特别包围在Serangan岛和Benoa半岛之间的狭窄的海峡。潮汐的剩余水流也在海湾嘴在海湾和一个小旋涡以内产生了二个小旋涡。河分泌物影响的咸度分发能成功地被计算，在数字计算和观察结果有好关联的地方(r2)0.75。最后在Benoa海湾交换以便检验海水，追踪住处时间的方法和计算的Lagrangian粒子被使用。到涌出海水的粒子运输的机制被两个方法清楚地描绘。

简介：Avertical(laterallyaveraged)two-dimensionalhydrodynamicmodelisdevelopedfortides,tidalcurrent,andsalinityinabranchedestuarinesystem.ThegoverningequationsaresolvedwiththehydrostaticpressuredistributionassumptionandtheBoussinesqapproximation.Anexplicitschemeisemployedtosolvethecontinuityequations.ThemomentumandmassbalanceequationsaresolvedimplicitlyintheCartesiancoordinatesystem.Thetributariesaregovernedbythesamedynamicequations.Acontrolvolumeatthejunctionsisdesignedtoconservemassandvolumetransportinthefinitedifferenceschemes,basedonthephysicalprincipleofcontinuummediumoffluid.Predictionsbythedevelopedmodelarecomparedwiththeanalyticsolutionsofsteadywind-drivencirculatoryflowandtidalflow.Themodelresultsforthevelocitiesandwatersurfaceelevationscoincidewithanalyticresults.ThemodelisthenappliedtotheTanshuiRiverestuarinesystem.Detailedmodelcalibrationandverificationhavebeenconductedwithmeasuredwatersurfaceelevations,tidalcurrent,andsalinitydistributions.Theoverallperformanceofthemodelisinqualitativeagreementwiththeavailablefielddata.ThecalibratedandverifiednumericalmodelhasbeenusedtoquantifythetidalprismandflushingrateintheTanshuiRiver-TahanStream,HsintienStream,andKeelungRiver.