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简介：Withinthenervoussystem,regenerationislimited,andthisisduetothesmallamountofneuralstemcells,theinhibitoryoriginofthestemcellnicheandoftentothedevelopmentofascarwhichconstitutesamechanicalbarrierfortheregeneration.Regardingtheseaspects,manyeffortshavebeendoneintheresearchofacellcomponentthatcombinedwithscaffoldsandgrowthfactorscouldbesuitablefornervousregenerationinregenerativemedicineapproaches.Autologousmesenchymalstemcellsrepresentnowadaystheidealcandidateforthisaim,thanktotheirmultipotencyandtotheiramountinsideadulttissues.However,issuesintheirharvesting,throughtheuseofinvasivetechniques,andproblemsinvolvedintheirageing,requiretheresearchofnewautologoussources.Tothispurpose,therecentdiscoveryofastemcellscomponentinteeth,andwhichderivefromneuralcrestcells,hascametothelightthepossibilityofusingdentalstemcellsinnervoussystemregeneration.Inthiswork,inordertogiveguidelinesontheuseofdentalstemcellsforneuralregeneration,webrieflyintroducetheconceptsofregenerationandregenerativemedicine,wethenfocustheattentiononodontogenesis,whichinvolvestheformationandthepresenceofastemcomponentindifferentpartsofteeth,andfinallywedescribesomeexperimentalapproacheswhichareexploitingdentalstemcellsforneuralstudies.

简介：Background:TheFunctionalMovementScreen(FMS~(TM))hasbecomeincreasinglypopularforidentifyingfunctionallimitationsinbasicfunctionalmovements.ThisexploratoryanddescriptivestudywasundertakentoconfirmfeasibilityofperformingtheFMS~(TM)inolderactiveadults,assessprevalenceofasymmetriesandtoevaluatetherelationshipbetweenfunctionalmovementability,age,physicalactivitylevelsandbodymassindex(BMI).Methods:Thisisanobservationalstudy;97men(n=53)andwomen(n=44)betweentheagesof52and83participated.BMIwascomputedandself-reportedphysicalactivitylevelswereobtained.Subjectsweregroupedbyage(5-yearintervals),BMI(normal,over-weight,andobese)andsex.Eachparticipant'sperformanceontheFMS~(TM)wasdigitallyrecordedforlateranalysis.Results:Theyoungestagegroup(50–54years)scoredhighestinallseventestsandtheoldestagegroup(75+)scoredlowestinmostofthetestscomparedtoallotheragegroups.Thesubjectsinthe'normalweight'groupperformednodifferentthanthosewhowereinthe'overweight'group;bothgroupsperformedbetterthanthe'obese'group.Ofthe97participants54hadatleastoneasymmetry.ThepairwisecorrelationsbetweenthetotalFMS~(TM)scoreandage(r=-0.531),BMI(r=-0.270),andthemeasureofactivitylevel(r=0.287)weresignificant(p<0.01forall).Conclusion:FMS~(TM)scoresdeclinewithincreasedBMI,increasedage,anddecreasedactivitylevel.Thescreenidentifiesrangeofmotion-andstrength-relatedasymmetries.TheFMS~(TM)canbeusedtoassessfunctionallimitationsandasymmetries.FutureresearchshouldevaluateifahighertotalFMS~(TM)scoreisrelatedtofewerfallsorinjuriesintheolderpopulation.

简介：Non-lineardynamics,fractals,periodicoscillations,bifurcations,chaos,andotherterminologieshavebeenusedtodescribehumanbiologicalsystemsintheliteratureforafewdecades.Theeightmanuscriptsincludedinthisspecialissuediscussedthehistoricalbackground,selectedtheoretical

简介：Thepresentworkprovidesanovelmethodforcalculatingverticalvelocitybasedoncontinuityequationsinapressurecoordinatesystem.Themethodovercomesthedisadvantageofaccumulationofcalculatingerrorsofhorizontaldivergenceincurrentkinematicsmethodsduringtheintegrationforcalculatingverticalvelocity,andconsequentlyavoidsitssubsequentcorrection.Inaddition,throughmodificationsofthecontinuityequations,itshowsthatthevorticityoftheverticalshearvector(VVSV)isproportionalto-ω,theverticalvelocityinpcoordinates.Furthermore,ifthechangeofωinthehorizontaldirectionisneglected,thevorticityofthehorizontalvorticityvectorisproportionalto-ω.Whenωisunderafluctuatingstateintheverticaldirection,theupdraftoccurswhenthevectorofhorizontalvorticityrotatescounterclockwise;thedowndraftoccurswhenrotatingclockwise.ThevalidationresultindicatesthatthepresentmethodisgenerallybetterthantheverticalvelocitycalculatedbytheωequationusingthewetQ-vectordivergenceasaforcingterm,andtheverticalvelocitycalculatedbyutilizingthekinematicsmethodisfollowedbytheO’Brienmethodforcorrection.Theplus-minussignoftheverticalvelocityobtainedwiththismethodisnotcorrelatedwiththeintensityofdBZ,buttheabsoluteerrorincreaseswhendBZis>=40.Thismethoddemonstratesthatitisagoodreflectionofthedirectionoftheverticalvelocity.

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简介：2年的研究被进行描绘会聚的女士甲壳虫的intercrop运动，HippodamiaconvergensGuerin-Meneville(翘目：Coccinellidae)在邻近的棉花和苜蓿之间。一个双标记蛋白质的方法被用来在每庄稼估计女士甲壳虫的intercrop运动。收集的Inturns地在每庄稼的女士甲壳虫是由蛋白质的assayed确定的特定的ELISA在庄稼之间的甲壳虫的运动。结果显示会聚的女士甲壳虫的一个高百分比在棉花抓住了(46%在2008；56%在2009)并且苜蓿(46%在2008；71%在2009)包含了一个蛋白质标记，因此显示那个会聚的女士甲壳虫运动在邻近的庄稼之间大部分是双向的。尽管在一个低得多的比例，女士甲壳虫也从棉花显示出单向性的运动到苜蓿(5%在2008和6%在2009)并且从苜蓿到棉花(9%在2008和14%在2009)。甲壳虫展出的季节长的双向运动在学习的两年期间比棉花在苜蓿是显著地更高的。女士甲壳虫的全部的流入(双向、单向性联合)在棉花与那相比在苜蓿是显著地更高的两年。当会聚的女士甲壳虫在邻近的棉花和苜蓿之间移动了时，他们是当棉花不是flowering时或当苜蓿为猎物提供了更多的机会时，吸引到苜蓿的更多。这研究提供很需要的信息在上杂种应该在利用保存的棉花便于综合害虫管理决定的会聚的女士甲壳虫的运动生物控制。

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