简介：STIscanaffectchildrenatthreedevelopmenralstages:duringinfancy,whenmother-neonatetransmissionandsexualabusemustbeconsidered.prepubertally,asaresultofsexualabuse.duringadolescence,whensexualaelivitymaybeeonsensualorabusive.

简介：ConductdisordersConductdisordersarecharacterizedbyrepetitiveantisocialbehaviourthatlastsforatleast6months.Inyoungchildren,theclinicalpictureisdominatedbymarkedlyoppositionalbehavioursuchasdefiance,hostilityanddisruptivenessthatisclearlyoutsidethenormalrange(so-called'oppositional-defiantdisorder').Inolderagegroups,behaviourssuchasstealing,

简介：Emotionalproblemsinchildrenandadolescentsmaybegroupedintodistinctsyndromes,thoughthereisoverlapbetweenthem.

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：Adolescenceisakeyperiodinhumandevelopment,inwhichyoungpeopleareexposedtodangeroussituations,oneofthosedangersistheriskofparticipatingincriminalorillicitactivities.Thisarticlefocusesonthetreatmentofadolescentswhoareinconflictwiththelaw.Itdescribesthemodelfortheevaluationofriskofviolenceandrecidivism.Itdescribestheinstrumentsfortheevaluationthatareavailabletotheyoungpeoplewhoareinternedforcriminalbehavior.Italsodescribes,indetail,theInventoryformanagementandInterventionforyoungpeople.IGI-J,italsodescribesthemosteffectivetreatmentmodeluptodaterelatedtocriminalrecidivisminadolescentsanditsimplications.

简介：AbstractPediatric and adult spinal cord injuries (SCI) are distinct entities. Children and adolescents with SCI must suffer from lifelong disabilities, which is a heavy burden on patients, their families and the society. There are differences in Chinese and foreign literature reports on the incidence, injury mechanism and prognosis of SCI in children and adolescents. In addition to traumatic injuries such as car accidents and falls, the proportion of sports injuries is increasing. The most common sports injury is the backbend during dance practice. Compared with adults, children and adolescents are considered to have a greater potential for neurological improvement. The pathogenesis and treatment of pediatric SCI remains unclear. The mainstream view is that the mechanism of nerve damage in pediatric SCI include flexion, hyperextension, longitudinal distraction and ischemia. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of drugs such as methylprednisolone in the treatment of pediatric SCI and the indications and timing of surgery. In addition, the complications of pediatric SCI are also worthy of attention. New imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography may be used for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging, clinical characteristics, treatment and complications of SCI in children and adolescents. Although current treatment cannot completely restore neurological function, patient quality of life can be enhanced. Continued developments and advances in the research of SCI may eventually provide a cure for children and adolescents with this kind of injury.

简介：Children(5-12years)andadolescents(13-19years)withDownsyndrome(DS)possessasetofhealth,anatomical,physiological,cognitive,andpsycho-socialattributespredisposingthemtolimitationsontheirphysicalfitnessandphysicalactivity(PA)capacities.Thepaucityofstudiesandtheirconflictingfindingspreventaclearunderstandingand/orsubstantiationoftheselimitations.Thepurposeofthisarticlewastoreviewthemeasurement,determinantsandpromotionofphysicalfitnessandPAforyouth(i.e.,childrenandadolescents)withDS.TheexistingbodyofresearchindicatesthatyouthwithDS:1)havelowcardiovascularandmuscularfitness/exercisecapacity;2)demonstrateagreaterprevalenceofoverweightandobesity;3)alargeproportiondonotmeettherecommendedamountofdailyaerobicactivity;and4)theirPAlikelydeclinesthroughchildhoodandintoadolescence.Futureresearchshouldfocuson:1)strengthtestingandtrainingprotocols;2)methodologiestodeterminePAlevels;and3)practicalinterventionstoincreasePA.

简介：AbstractBackground:The standard treatment for pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) still requires consideration because of a lack of clinical evidence. The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical experiences and explore the risk factors for post-operative recurrence through a retrospective analysis to develop better clinical strategies for pediatric DTC.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed children and adolescents with DTC who were treated between January 1999 and December 2014 at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Clinicopathological results and outcomes were collected. A log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox regression model were used to determine the factors associated with recurrence.Results:Data of 150 patients were collected in this study. During the follow-up, there was only one disease-related death. The recurrence rates at 3, 5, and 10 years were 13.6%, 18.7%, and 28.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the rate of recurrence according to age (P < 0.001), extrathyroidal extension (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023), and invasion of the trachea and esophageal wall (P = 0.004). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that age (P = 0.006) and extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.013) were significant dependent factors of post-operative recurrence.Conclusions:The prognosis of DTC in children and adolescents is favorable. A close follow-up is recommended because of the high recurrence rate. A comparatively higher recurrence rate was observed in the younger age group, and new age-based divisions may be needed to conveniently evaluate the possibility of recurrence.

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：AbstractImportance:Vitamin A (or retinol) has considerable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory attributes and it may have protective effects on the respiratory health of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This issue, however, remains controversial.Objective:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum retinol levels (SRL) and force expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in patients with CF.Methods:All patients with pancreatic insufficiency attending the CF Department of "Agia Sofia" Children’s Hospital in Athens, Greece, aged 6 to 19 years during the 2012-2016 period, who could perform spirometry effectively, were included in the study. The impact of SRL on FEV1 was examined longitudinally and analyzed with generalized estimating equations.Results:The study included 231 patients and 851 SRL measurements were performed. In 25 (3.2%) cases the SRL were below the 5th percentile of reference distribution; none was above the 95th percentile. The analysis showed that SRL was positively correlated with the FEV1 (P < 0.001).Interpretation:In this sample of children and adolescents with CF, vitamin A deficiency was rare. Our results suggest a positive relationship between SRL and FEV1.

简介：男富饶上的精索静脉曲张修理的效果仍然保持争论。它将对有用决定了哪个人将从精索静脉曲张修理有益于大多数，并且在那些个人指向修理努力。为精索静脉曲张修理的预示的因素上的文学的详细评论用PubMedNLM数据库被执行。我们发现postvaricocelectomy精液参数的最好的预言者是外科手术前的精液参数。在精液参数的最大的改进与更大的精索静脉曲张在人被发现。当有争吵，更高的睾丸激素，更年轻的年龄和更大的睾丸尺寸时，在一些，研究在精液参数postvaricocelectomy为改进预言。一张诺模图被开发了基于外科手术前的精液参数，精索静脉曲张等级和这个人(www.fertilitytreatmentresults.com)的年龄预言postvaricocelectomy精液参数。有限数据一致地与更高的基线DNA破碎率在人处于DNA破碎率表明最大的改进。关于繁殖结果，更高的基线精子密度一致地为自然怀孕或帮助繁殖技术(艺术)怀孕率预言。另外，精索静脉曲张修理确实似乎为艺术的更侵略的形式减少需要。在结论，我们现在能开始使用象预言跟随varicocelectomy的修理以后的精液质量和富饶潜力的基线精液质量，精索静脉曲张等级和耐心的年龄那样的特定的参数。

简介：精索静脉曲张，男不孕的最重要的可对待的原因，是在场的在15%成年男性，有主要不孕的35%人，和有第二等的不孕的80%人。在另一方面，80%这些人不介绍不孕。因此，有需要区分正在施加从“是可对待的有害效果的精索静脉曲张；silent”；精索静脉曲张。尽管有精索静脉曲张的细胞的效果的成长证据，它的内在的分子的机制仍然正在逃避。Proteomics成为了一个有希望的区域决定精液的繁殖生物学以及改进男不孕的诊断。这评论试图与精索静脉曲张在病人在精液的血浆proteomics讨论state-of-art在承担这些研究，以及在精液的proteome上从证据的成长身体导出的未来眼界讨论挑战。

简介：1.IntroductionForanyonepayingattention,thisisadisruptivetimeinscienceingeneralandinhealthpromotionscienceinparticular.Obesityisthemostprevalentnutrition-relatedhealthproblemaroundtheglobe.Theissueofwhether,asiscommonlythought,obesityiscausativeofearlymortalityorwhetheritisonlyamarkerofriskhasbeenraised.Thelackofsubstantialandmaintainedchangeinchildobesitypreventionhasbeenrecognized,andnumerouslimitationsinourconceptualandmethodologicalapproachtoobesitypreventionhavebeenidentified.

简介：

简介：Anationallyrepresentativesampleof1640Chineseurbanadolescents(meanage=14.5years)andtheirparentsandteachersweresurveyedtoexaminetheassociationsbetweenrelationshipswithteachersandparentsandadolescents'developmentaloutcomessuchasacademicperformance,psychologicalwell-being,altruisticbehaviors,andmisconduct.Resultsshowedthatthequalityofadolescents'relationshipswithteacherswashighlycorrelatedwithadolescentoutcomes,inmostcasesmoresothanforrelationshipswithparents.Furthermore,suchassociationswerethesameacrossbothgendersandthreegradelevels.ThesefindingssuggestthatteachersmayplayanespeciallysignificantroleinChineseadolescentdevelopment.Thisstudyaddstothesmallbutgrowingliteratureontheimportanceofteachersaswellasothernon-parentaladultsinadolescentpsychosocialdevelopment.