简介：Thepaperdescribestheimportanceofcleanproductionofsteelandtherelationshipsamongstsustainingdevelopmentofsteelindustry,environmentprotectionandtheroleofrefractoriesinthecleanproductionofsteel.ThemainachievementsandmainshortcomingsinthecleanproductionofChina′ssteelindustryhavebeenreviewedtogetherwiththeintroductionofthepolicysupportingsystemandthefuturedevelopmentofcleanproductioninChina′ssteelindustry.

简介：Themajorapplicationsofelectricalsteel（ES）sheetsaremotors,transformers,etc.Inrecentyears,theraiseofcrudeoilpriceandincreasingenvironmentalconsciousnesstriggerthedemandsforsavingenergyandreducingCO2emissions,whichgreatlyacceleratethedevelopmentofhighqualityESsheets.Tomeetthequalityrequirementsofhighefficiencymotorsandtransformers,highgradeESsheetswithhighfluxdensityarecontinuouslydevelopedandintroducedtothemarket.Meanwhile,thepricecompetitionandqualityimprovementofgeneralgradesareimportantforthelowerendapplication.Theironlossof50CS1300（50A1300）issignificantlyreducedbycontrollingsomekeyparameters.Otherthanthenormalgrade,thehighestgradesofnonoriented（NO）ESaresuccessfullydevelopedrecently.Andallspecificationsof0.50and0.35mmamongJISC2552specificationcouldbeprovidedbyCSC.Astotheinsulationcoatingdevelopment,theCr-freeinsulationcoatinghasbeenintroducedtothemarketduetotheenvironmentalconcern,andhasbeenenormouslyadoptedinTaiwanmarket.Furthermore,thethickerinsulationcoatingtechnologyhasbeensuccessfullydevelopedforspecificwindpowergeneratorapplication.ThenewlydevelopedproductsandqualityimprovementsofelectricalsteelsheetsinChinaSteelareintroducedinthispaper.

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简介：MA’ANSHANisacitybuiltonitsironandsteelindustry.itsnamehasbeensyn-onymouswiththein-dustrialsyndicate-Ma'anshan

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简介：ProfessorYuZongsenofBeijingUniver-sityofScienceandTechnologyhassum-marizedtheworksconcerningREadditioninironandsteelinlastfourtofiveyearsandwroteapaperentitled“Re-searchontheApplicationofRareEarthsinIronandSteelinResentYears”,whichwaspresentedinJ.Chin.RESoc.Vol.8No.2(1990)(EnglishEdition).Theauthorshowedmanydataoffree

简介：Newcarbonbondedfilterswith'activeandreactivecoatings'forhigherfiltrationefficiencyofaluminabasedinclusionsaswellasnano-engineeredfilterswithnano-scaledadditivesareexploredwiththeaidofimpingementtestsandareevaluatedaccordingtotheircoldcrushingstrengthsatroomtemperature.ThecombinationofcarbonnanotubesandaluminananosheetsadditivesleadstoinsituformationofAl3CON.Boththenanoscaledadditivesaswellastheextraalumina'active'coatingleadtoimprovedmechanicalperformanceofthecarbonbondedfiltersandopenthehorizonforfiltermacrostructureswithhigherfiltrationcapacitiesinmeansofbiggerdimensions.InafurtherstepMWCNT(multiwalledcarbonnanotubes)incombinationwithasyntheticpitchhavebeenusedasafunctionalcoatingonthesurfaceofaluminacarbonbondedfilters.Thesefiltershavethenbeenevaluatedalsowithuncoatedfiltersinaspecialcastingsimulatorandtheinteractionsbetweensteelandfilteringmaterialhavebeeninvestigated.

简介：TheSteelAISI4145HMforseniorpetroleumdrillofBXSteelwasproducedbythefollowsheet:hotmetalpretreatment→converter→LF→RH→caster350mm×470mmrectangularbillet→hotdelivery→reheating→800millrolling→insulation→straightening→anneal→grinding→inspection→packagingandpayintotreasury→shipment.SelectedBXSteelparticularhormetal,adoptedhotmetaldesulphurizationpretreatmenttechnology.TheLFrefiningmakingthewhiteslag,andkeepacertaintime.TheRHtreatmentmustmakesurethevacuumdegreeandrefiningtime,moreimportantlycontrollingargonblowingprocess.Inaddition,mustdesignpropertechnologydatacontinuouscastingsimilarsuperheat,castingspeed,andspecificwaterflowrate.Dependontechnologicalmeasures,theproductbeenhadseriesofthequalities:homogeneityofchemicalcomposition,lowcontentofharmfulelements,highpurity,compactorganization.Adoptedtheprocessofcastingbillethotdeliveryandhotcharging,usedsteppingheatingfurnace,anddesigningreasonablethermalparameters.Two-highreversingmillroughrollspreparationsquarebillet,short-stress-pathrollingmillrollsroundbar.Steelproductsbadholdingandcontrollingsoakingtimeandtemperature.Steelproductsbadannealed,andannealingprocessmustbeencontrolledforensuringsteelhardnessuniform.Foravoidingresidualstress,steelbeenstraightenedbeforeanneal.Thetestresultsandusingeffectshowsthattheproducingwithuniformannealinghardnessandniceprocessingproperties,niceoverallmechanicalproperties,wererecognizedbyusers.

简介：ThemorphologiesevolutionofvarioustypesofinclusionsinTi-IFsteelwereobservedbyaspecialdeptherosionmethod,andtheformationandevolutionprocesswerediscussed.TheresultsshowedthatthemaininclusionswereFeO·xMnObeforeAldeoxidizationandtheratioofintegratedoxygenandfreeoxygenwasinrangedof0.3to0.4.Inpresentstudy,themaineffectfactorsonthemorphologiesofAl2O3inclusionswere[Al]/[O]Free（solublealuminumdividefreeoxygen）andinitialfreeoxygen;clusterAl2O3wasformedeasilywithhighfreeoxygen([O]Free)andlow[Al]/[O]（blew3inpresentstudy）.Otherwise,thedendriticAl2O3wasformed;coral-likeAl2O3wasthemixtureofthedendriteAl2O3andsphericalAl2O3.SomeAl2O3·TiOxinclusionsappearedbecauseahigh[Ti]concentrationregionexistedaround70TiFe（containing70percenttitanium）particlesafter70TiFeaddition.ThemaximumsizesofAl2O3reached800μmwhen3minaluminumwasadded;asthetimepast,thelargesizeAl2O3decreasedsignificantly;themaximumsizeofAl2O3wasblew100μmand50μmincalmingsampleandtundishsamplerespectively.

简介：ThepurposeofthisstudywastodeterminetheinffuenceofheattreatmentcycleongraphitephaseformationonCK45steel.Thepresenceofwelldistributedgraphiteinthematrixisresponsibleforthegoodmechanicalandthermalpropertiesofthiskindofalloy.Suchpropertiesincludeexcellentwearresistance,higherresistancetothermalshock,andhigherresistancetooxidationathightemperature.Anumberofspecimensweremadeupofappropriatedesigntoprovidetheexperimentalmaterials.Thetransformationphasetoafreecarbonmicrostructureduringgraphitizationunderdifferentconditionswasthenexaminedforthemostsuccessfulexperimentalsteels.Austenitisingtemperatureof920°Candthefollowingisothermalheattreatmentof750°Catdifferentholdingtimeswereused.MicrostructureswereexaminedbyOM(opticalmicroscopy)andSEM(scanningelectronmicroscopy).Furthermore,itwasfoundthatisothermaltransformationat750°Cfordifferentsoakingtimesproducedatypicalmicrostructure.Also,theamountofgraphiteincreasedwithincreasingisothermalheattreatmenttime.Heattreatmentleadingtosupersaturationofironwithcarbonwasdescribedandsomeoftheconsequencesofthesupersaturationwerepresented.Finally,theformationofthethermodynamicallystablestateofthegraphitetakenfromthesupersaturatedsolidsolutionwasdiscussed.

简介：Newformssteelisfewandfarbetween.InthislectureIwillillustratethreediscoverieswhichhavethepotentialofmakingsignificantnewcontributionstotheapplicationsofsteelasanengineeringmaterial.Oneofthesediscoveriesdealswiththefirsteverbulknanostructuredmetalwhichcanbemadeonalargescale,cheaplyandwithpropertieswhicharesuperiortocarbonnanotubes.Thesecondisahighlyformablesteelwhosepropertiesarenotmatchedbyanyavailabletoday.Andthethird,aweldingmaterialwhichisdesignedtotransforminsuchawaythatresidualstressesareeliminatedfromjoints.

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简介：Thesteelindustryhascomealongwayinincreasingitsenergyefficiency.InEuropethecarbonintensityofsteelmakingoverthelast40yearswasdecreasedbyafactor2.Thepotentialforfurtherimprovementsisnowbecominglessobviousasblastfurnaceoperationsareapproachingthethermodynamicallowerlimitofhotmetalproduction.Totakeontheclimatechangechallengeandbeabletorespondtotheexpectationforstrongreductionofcarbonemissions,ArcelorMittal（AM）hasdevelopedatwostepapproach:（1）Inafirstinstancegiventhemodestremainingpotentialforincrementalimprovementsprecisebenchmarktoolsweredeveloped.Thisallowedidentifyingthetoprunnersanddeterminingtheremainingpotentialforimprovement.Plansweredevelopedtobridgethegapwiththisachievableperformance.Intotalaplanwasdevisedwithmorethan400identifiedactionsthroughoutthegroup.Thisactionplanwillallowachievingafurther8%increaseofCO2efficiencyby2020.（2）Secondly,alreadyin2002AMengagedinthedevelopmentofbreakthroughtechnologiestofurtherdrasticallyreducethecarbonintensityofsteelmaking.Afterscreeningalargenumberofcandidatesafewwereselectedforfurtherdevelopment.Afirstbreakthroughtechnologywhichisthemostadvancedstageofdevelopmentcanbeappliedtoexistingblastfurnaceandisreachingmaturityandademonstrationonindustrialscaleofthistechnologyisunderpreparation.Initselfthistechnologywilldecreasethedependencyoncarbonaswellasincreasetheproductivityoftheoriginalblastfurnaces.Realbiggainscanbemadeifthistechnologycanbecombinedwithundergroundcarbonstorage.IntheAMroadmaptheimpactofrawmaterials（DRI,scrap）wasexcluded.Inthelongerrunhowevertheattentionwillhavetoturntotheoverallfootprintofmaterialsandthelongtermconsequencesofthechoiceofmaterials.Increasingtherecoverywhilepreservingthequalityofusedsteelproductswillleveragegreatlytheeffortsdonein

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简介：Thispaperpresentedtheapplicationofthedirecthotchargerolling(DHCR)technologyinNingboSteel.Fiveaspectshavebeensystematicallyaddressedandanalyzed,whichincludesalesorder,productionscheduleprogramming,steelmaking,continuouscastingandhot-rolling.TheaverageDHCRproductratehasreached55%andtheaverageslabchargingtemperature699℃.Asaresult,theproductioncost,theenergyconsumptionandtheCO2emissionhavebeensignificantlyreduced.ItisconcludedthatabreakthroughinapplicationoftheDHCRtechnologyhasbeenachievedatNingboSteel.

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简介：Intermsofenergyuseandcarbonfootprint,itistheprimaryprocessesofironmakingandsteelmakingthatcommandmostattentioninourindustry.Therollingmills,althoughenergy-intensivebycomparisonwithmostindustrialfinishingoperations,areoftenoverlookedwhenasteelcompanyconsidersitsenvironmentalresponsibilitiesanditsenergy-savingopportunities.Thehighgearingofenergyconsumptionoftheprimaryprocessesoverthefinishingprocesseshasanimportantconsequence,however.Thekeytogreenrollingisasmuchaboutyield(andavoidingtheremeltingofscrap)asitisaboutdirectenergyuse.Thispaperusesaprojectcasestudy,thedesignandcommissioningoftheEndlessStripProcessing(ESP)plantofArvediinItalytoillustratehowmodernrollingmillsarecontributingtoagreenersteelindustry.Therelevanttechnicalfeaturesincludetheenergysavingsimplicitinnear-netshapecastingandindirectrolling,withoutintermediatereheating,advancesindriveandpowerconversiontechnologiesandtheaforementionedconceptofenergysavingthroughyieldmaximisation.Somenotableco-operativeeffortstowardsgreenerrollingarealsoexplained,includinguniversitycollaborationsandinparticulartheWellMet2050projectattheUniversityofCambridge.Inconclusion,thegreencredentialsofsteelusageingeneralindustryareconsideredandkeymessagesfortheengineeringcommunityaresought.

简介：InordertosuppressthesurfacecrackinginducedbyCuduringreheatingandhotrollingprocess,Cuenrichmentanditsmigrationatthesteel-scaleinterfacewasinvestigatedduringheatingofsteelcastattemperaturesbetween1000℃and1200℃inN2-O2andN7-H2Oatmospheres.ForoxidationofCucontainingsteel,CuenrichedphasewasformedbythepreferentialoxidationofFeandtheenrichmentandmigrationbehaviorofCudependsontheoxidationtemperature,steelchemistryandatmospherecondition.NiinsteelinducedtheformationofsolidCuandNienrichedphaseatsteel/scaleinterfaceandinscalelayerandtheformationofunevensteel/scaleinterface,whichsuppressestheCuenrichmentbecauseofextrusionofCuenrichedregionbeforetheformationofliquidphase.Ontheotherhand,SnadditionpromotestheliquidCuformationatsteel/scaleinterfaceandpenetrationintograinboundaryofCuenrichedphasebydecreasingsolidustemperatureandsolubilitylimit.Inaddition,foroxidationat1200℃,thebehaviorofCuatandaroundthesteel-scaleinterfacewasfounddependenttoalargeextentonmorphologyoftheoxidescaleformedduringoxidation.Attheearlystageofoxidation,Cu-richphaseformedandaccumulatedatthesteelscaleinterfaceunderbothO2-N2andH2O-N2atmospheres.Astheoxidationproceeded,however,Cuenrichmentatanditsmigrationfromthesteel-scaleinterfacewerevastlydifferentfordifferentoxidizingatmospheres.InthecaseofO2-N2oxidation,anoxidelayerformedinitiallyatthesteelsurface,butsoonafteragapwasdevelopedatthesteel-scaleinterfaceandgrewinitssize,whichpracticallyseparatedthescalefromthesteelsubstrate.Thescalelayerformedunderthisconditionwasporous.TheCu-richphaseinitiallyformedattheinterfacewasfoundmigratingtothescalelayer,leavingnoCu-richphaseattheinterface.InthecaseofH2O-N2oxidation,however,thescalelayerformedwasdenseandtightlyattachedtothesteelsurface,andtheCurich-phasecontinuedto

简介：Aseriesoffunctionalizedionicliquids(ILs)containingester-groupweresynthesizedandtheirtribologicalpropertiesaslubricantsforsteel-steelcontactwerestudiedandcomparedwithanon-functionalizedionicliquidandperfluoropolyethers(PFPE).ThemorphologyandchemicalcompositionofthewornscarswereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscopyandX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,respectively,andthepossiblelubricationmechanismofILswasdiscussed.Asaresult,allILsdemonstratedabetterlubricityandamuchhigherload-carryingcapacitythanPFPEusedaslubricantsforthesteel-steeltribomatessystem.ThefunctionalizedILswithester-groupshowedslightlyworsefrictionreducingabilitythantheirnonfunctionalizedcounterpartsatrelativelylowerloadsowingtotheirhigherviscosity,butthenexhibitedbetterantiwearabilitybecausetheestergrouptheycontainedhadnotonlyphysicalbutalsostrongchemicalreactionswiththefreshlyexposedsteelsurfaceandformedchemicaladsorptionboundaryfilmsonthewornsurfaceduringfrictionprocess.Underhighloads,sometribochemicalreactionstookplacebetweentheactiveelements,suchasfluorinewhichwerereleasedfromtheILs,andfreshmetalsurfacesofrubbingpairstoformtheadmixturereactionfilms,whichweremainlycomposedofferricfluoridemixedwithferricoxide,leadingtolowerfrictioncoefficientsandgoodwearresistance.

简介：Inthispaper,aphotoelectricdeviceisintroduced,whichisusedinde-tectingthequalityoninternalsurfaceofthinandlongsteelpipe.Inthisdevice,theCCTVlensisusedforextracttheflawinformationoninternalsurfaceofthepipe,andmakeIBM-PC/AT486computerascontrollingandimageprocessingsystem.Bythisinstrument,thefunctions,suchasthedigitalconversiongofinputinformation,imageprocessing,classificationofrecognitionandoutputdisplaycanbeobtained,Inthepetroleumandchemicalindustry,byusingthisapparatus,wecandetectthequalithoninternalsurfaceofvariousmetalpipeswithreal-timeautomatically.