简介:<正>Manyscientistshavetheirgreatinventionsinspiredbywatchingsomething.Ilikewatchingthings,too.Oneday,Icamehomeafterschool.Ifoundthatthewaterinthepotwasboiled.Irememberedthatoncethetableinmyhousewasburnedjustbecausemyparentsforgottoinfusewaterinto
简介:MITEs(Miniatureinverted-repeattransposableelements)arereminiscenceofnon-autonomousDNA(classⅡ)elements,whicharedistinguishedfromothertranspos-ableelementsbytheirsmallsize,shortterminalinvertedrepeats(TIRs),highcopynumbers,genicpreference,andDNAsequenceidentityamongfamilymembers.Al-thoughMITEswerefirstdiscoveredinplantsandstillactivelyreshapinggenomes,theyhavebeenisolatedfromawiderangeofeukaryoticorganisms.MITEscanbedividedintoTourist-like,Stowaway-like,andpogo-likegroups,accordingtosimilaritiesoftheirTIRsandTSDs(targetsiteduplications).Indespiteofsev-eralmodelstoexplaintheoriginandamplificationofMITEs,theirmechanismsoftranspositionandaccumulationineukaryoticgenomesremainpoorlyunderstoodowingtoinsufficientexperimentaldata.TheuniquepropertiesofMITEshavebeenexploitedasusefulgenetictoolsforplantgenomeanalysis.UtilizationofMITEsaseffectiveandinformativegenomicmarkersandpotentialapplicationofMITEsinplantssystematic,phylogenetic,andgeneticstudiesarediscussed.
简介:Thispaperdescribesthepreparationofpolystyrylsulfonylchloride,areactiveintermediate,anditsapplicationinsynthesesoffunctionalizedpolymerswhichcanbeusedinorganicchemistryaspolymericreagents,supportsandincontrolledreleasesystems.
简介:AIM:Toidentifywhethertheforcepsestimationismoreusefulthanvisualestimationinthemeasurementofcolonpolypsize.METHODS:Werecordedcolonoscopyvideoclipsthatincludedscenesvisualizingthepolypandscenesusingopenbiopsyforcepsinassociationwiththepolyp,whichwereusedforanexam.Atotalof40endoscopistsfromtheBusanUlsanGyeongnamIntestinalStudyGroupSociety(BIGS)participatedinthisstudy.Participantswatched40pairsofvideoclipsofthescenesforvisualestimationandforcepsestimation,andwrotedowntheestimatedpolypsizeontheexampaper.Whenanalyzingtheresultsoftheexam,weassessedinterobserverdifferences,diagnosticaccuracy,anderrorrangeinthemeasurementofthepolypsize.RESULTS:Theoverallintra-classcorrelationcoefficients(ICC)ofinter-observeragreementforforcepsestimationandvisualestimationwere0.804(95%CI:0.731-0.873,P<0.001)and0.743(95%CI:0.656-0.828,P<0.001),respectively.TheICCsofeachgroupforforcepsestimationwerehigherthanthoseforvisualestimation(Beginnergroup,0.761vs0.693;Expertgroup,0.887vs0.840,respectively).Theoveralldiagnosticaccuracyforvisualestimationwas0.639andforforcepsestimationwas0.754(P<0.001).Inthebeginnergroupandtheexpertgroup,thediagnosticaccuracyfortheforcepsestimationwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofthevisualestimation(Beginnergroup,0.734vs0.613,P<0.001;Expertgroup,0.784vs0.680,P<0.001,respectively).Theoverallerrorrangeforvisualestimationandforcepsestimationwere1.48±1.18and1.20±1.10,respectively(P<0.001).Theerrorrangesofeachgroupforforcepsestimationweresignificantlysmallerthanthoseforvisualestimation(Beginnergroup,1.38±1.08vs1.68±1.30,P<0.001;Expertgroup,1.12±1.11vs1.42±1.11,P<0.001,respectively).CONCLUSION:Applicationoftheopenbiopsyforcepsmethodwhenmeasuringcolonpolypsizecouldhelpreduceinter-observerdifferencesanderrorrates.
简介:AbstractPurpose:The aim of this study is to evaluate the application value of virtual surgical planning in the management of mandibular condylar fractures and to provide a reliable reference.Methods:This was a prospective randomized controlled study and recruited 50 patients requiring surgical treatment for their mandibular condylar fractures. The inclusion criteria were patients (1) diagnosed with a condylar fracture by two clinically experienced doctors and required surgical treatment; (2) have given consent for the surgical treatment; and (3) had no contraindications to the surgery. Patients were excluded from this study if: (1) they were diagnosed with a non-dislocated or only slightly dislocated condylar fracture; (2) the comminuted condylar fracture was too severe to be treated with internal reduction and fixation; or (3) patients could not complete follow-up for 3 months. There were 33 male and 17 female patients with 33 unilateral condylar fractures and 17 bilateral condylar fractures included. The 50 patients were randomly (random number) divided into control group (25 patients with 35 sides of condylar fractures) and experimental group (25 patients with 32 sides of condylar fractures). Virtual surgical planning was used in the experimental group, but only clinical experience was used in the control group. The patients were followed up for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. Variables including the rate of perfect reduction by radiological analysis, the average distance of deviation between preoperative and postoperative CT measurements using Geomagic software and postoperative clinical examinations (e.g., mouth opening, occlusion) were investigated for outcome measurement. SPSS 19 was adopted for data analysis.Results:The average operation time was 180.60 min in the experimental group and 223.2 min in the control group. One week postoperatively, CT images showed that the anatomic reduction rate was 90.63% (29/32) in the experimental group and 68.57% (24/35) in the control group, revealing significant difference (X2= 4.919, p = 0.027). Geomagic comparative analysis revealed that the average distance of deviation was also much smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group (0.639 mm vs. 0.995 mm; t = 3.824, p < 0.001).Conclusion:These findings suggest that virtual surgical planning can assist surgeons in surgical procedures, reduce operative time, and improve the anatomic reduction rate & accuracy, and thus of value in the diagnosis and treatment of condylar fractures.
简介:Asetofparameterscalledrelativeorbitalelementsweredefinedtodescribetherelativemotionofthesatellitesintheformationflying.Withthehelpoftheseparameters,theeffectoftheperturbationsontherelativeorbittrajectoryandgeometricpropertiesofsatelliteformationcanbeeasilyanalyzed.First,therelativeorbitalelementsarederived,andpointedout:iftheeccentricityoftheleadingsatelliteisasmallvalue,therelativeorbittrajectoryisdeterminedbytheintersectionbetweenanellipticcylinderandaplaneintheleadingsatelliteorbitframereference;andtheparametersthatdescribetheellipticcylinderandtheplanecanbeusedtoobtaintherelativeorbittrajectoryandtherelativeorbitalelements.Second,byanalyzingtheeffectsofgravitationalperturbationsontherelativeorbitusingtherelativeorbitalelements,itisfoundthatthepropagationofarelativeorbitconsistsoftwoparts:oneisthedriftoftheellipticcylinder;andtheotheristherotationoftheplaneresultedfromtherotationofthenormaloftheplane.Meanwhile,theanalyticformulaeforthedriftandrotationratesofarelativetrajectoryundergravitationalperturbationsarepresented.Finally,therelativeorbittrajectoryandthecorrespondingchangeswereanalyzedwithrespecttotheJ2perturbation.
简介:Abstract:FortyspeciesofBasidiomycotafrom21generain15families,collectedfromLiuxiheNationalForestPark,Guangzhou,China,havevaluesforusebylocalpeople.Morethanhalfofthespeciescollectedareedible,andsome(Lactariusdeliciosus,Boletusspp.)aregatheredforcommercialconsumptioninSouthChina.Tenspecieshavemedicinalproperties,andincludeDictyophora,Ganoderma,PisolithusandScleroderma.Over60%species(26taxa)areectomycorrhizalinvolving12ediblefungi.ThemostabundantfamiliesweretheAmanitaceae,BoletaceaeandSclerodermataceae,whichformimportantectomycorrhizalassociationswithconiferousandmixedbroad-leafedtreesinthePark.Prospectiveusesofthesemacrofungiarediscussed.
简介:Bothenantiomersofdenopamineweresynthesizedusingmicrobial-chemicalapproachviabioreductionof1-(acetoxyphenyl)ketone4(R=CH2C1)and5(R=CO2Et)withfungusGeotrichumsp.G38.
简介:AbstractBackground:The screening of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients with inflammatory diseases before revision arthroplasty remains uncertain. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma fibrinogen (FIB), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can help screening PJI, but their values in patients with inflammatory diseases have not been determined.Methods:Patients with inflammatory diseases who underwent revision hip or knee arthroplasty at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from January 2008 to September 2020 were divided into infected and non-infected groups based on the 2013 International Consensus Meeting criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of the tested biomarkers for diagnosing infection were determined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and optimal cutoffs were determined based on the Youden index. The diagnostic ability of these biomarkers was re-assessed after combining them with each other.Results:A total of 62 patients with inflammatory diseases were studied; of them 30 were infected. The area under the ROC curve was 0.813 for CRP, 0.638 for ESR, 0.795 for FIB, and 0.656 for NLR. The optimal predictive cutoff of CRP was 14.04 mg/L with a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 68.7%, while FIB had a sensitivity of 72.4% and a specificity of 81.2% with the optimal predictive cutoff of 4.04 g/L. The combinations of CRP with FIB produced a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 78.1%.Conclusion:CRP with a slightly higher predictive cutoff and FIB are useful for screening PJI in patients with inflammatory diseases, and the combination of CRP and FIB may further improve the diagnostic values.Trial Registration:ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2000039989