简介:Livertransplantation(LT)isalife-savingtreatmentforpatientswithend-stageliverdiseaseandforpatientswithlivercellcancerrelatedtoliverdisease.Acuteandchronicliverdiseasesrelatedtohepatitisvirusesarebetweenthemainindicationsforlivertransplantation.Theriskofviralreinfectionaftertransplantationisthemainlimitingfactorintheseindications.Beforetheavailabilityofantiviralprophylaxis,hepatitisBvirus(HBV)recurrencewasuniversalinpatientswhowereHBVDNA-positivebeforetransplantation.ThenaturalhistoryofrecurrentHBVwasacceleratedbyimmunosuppression,anditprogressedrapidlytograftfailureanddeath.Introductionofpost-transplantprophylaxiswithimmunoglobulinalonefirst,andassociatedtoantiviraldrugslater,drasticallyreducedHBVrecurrence,resultinginexcellentlong-termoutcomes.Onthecontrary,recurrenceofhepatitisCisthemaincauseofgraftlossinmosttransplantprograms.Overall,patientandgraftsurvivalafterLTforhepatitisCvirus(HCV)-associatedcirrhosisisinferiorcomparedwithotherindications.However,successfulpretransplantorposttransplantantiviraltherapyhasbeenassociatedwithincreasedgraftandoverallsurvival.Untilrecently,thecombinationofpegylatedinterferonandribavirinwasthestandardofcareforthetreatmentofpatientswithchronichepatitisC.Highlyactiveantiviralcompoundshavebeendevelopedoverthepastdecade,thankstonewinvitrosystemstostudyHCVentry,replication,assembly,andrelease.
简介:目的了解我国内镜治疗的临床科研现状。方法逐期逐页手工检索《中华消化内镜杂志》(1984~2002年)及《中国内镜杂志》(1996~2002年)中发表的临床对照实验,按cochrane协作网RCF、CCT资料库中的判定标准进行严格评价。结果《中华消化内镜杂志》19卷87期中共刊临床性文章1196篇,其中RCTs85篇(7.17%),CCTs4篇(0.34%)。《中国内镜杂志》7卷37期中共刊临床性文章1122篇,其中RCTs51篇(4.54%),CCTs6篇(0.53%)。结论我国临床内镜治疗的防治性研究RCTs的数量和质量,还不能满足临床实践的需要。
简介:目的了解先天性肝外门腔静脉分流(Abernethy畸形)的临床特点。方法回顾分析1例Abernethy畸形并下消化道出血患者的临床资料,并进行文献复习。结果本例患者男性,20岁。反复间歇性便血20年。重度贫血貌,外周血WBC2.0×109/L,RBC2.6×1012/L,HB41g/L,PLT125×109/L;粪红色软便,OB(+++),血液(++);经电子胃镜、电子结肠镜、腹部血管彩超、腹部CT血管重建和磁共振成像检查诊断,行结直肠周围血管离断和直肠下段曲张静脉缝扎术,术后恢复良好,随访2年,生活质量好。结论Abernethy畸形分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,Ⅱ型患者肝外门静脉广泛扩张并导致门腔静脉分流,以下消化道出血为主要临床表现。
简介:AIMToinvestigatetheroleofthecomplement5a(C5a)/C5areceptor(C5aR)pathwayinthepathogenesisofacuteliverfailure(ALF)inamousemodel.METHODSBALB/cmicewererandomlyassignedtodifferentgroups,andintraperitonealinjectionsoflipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-GalN)(600mg/kgand10μg/kg)wereusedtoinduceALF.TheKaplanMeiermethodwasusedforsurvivalanalysis.Serumalanineaminotransferase(ALT)levels,atdifferenttimepointswithina1-wkperiod,weredetectedwithabiochemistryanalyzer.Pathologicalexaminationoflivertissuewasperformed36hafterALFinduction.Serumcomplement5(C5),C5a,tumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,high-mobilitygroupproteinB1(HMGB1)andsphingosine-1-phosphatelevelsweredetectedbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbantassay.Hepaticmorphologicalchangesat36hafterALFinductionwereassessedbyhematoxylinandeosinstaining.ExpressionofC5aR,sphingosinekinase1(SphK1),p38-MAPKandp-p38-MAPKinlivertissue,peripheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)andperitonealexudativemacrophages(PEMs)ofmiceorRAW264.7cellswasanalyzedbywesternblotting.C5aRmRNAlevelsweredetectedbyquantitativereal-timePCR.RESULTSActivationofC5andup-regulationofC5aRwereobservedinlivertissueandPBMCsofmicewithALF.BlockadeofC5aRwithaC5aRantagonist(C5aRaC5aRa)significantlyreducedthelevelsofserumALT,inflammatorycytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βandIL-6)andHMGB1,aswellasthelivertissuedamage,butincreasedthesurvivalrates(P<0.01forall).BlockadeofC5aRdecreasedSphK1expressioninbothlivertissueandPBMCssignificantlyat0.5hafterALFinduction.C5aRapretreatmentsignificantlydownregulatedthephosphorylationofp38-MAPKinlivertissuesofALFmiceandC5astimulatedPEMsorRAW264.7cells.Moreover,inhibitionofp38-MAPKactivitywithSB203580reducedSphK1proteinproductionsignificantlyinPEMsafterC5astimulation.CONCLUSIONTheC5a/C5aRpath