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简介：Basedontheconceptofecosystemcarryingcapacity,theindicatorsystemofquantitativeassessmentwassetup,whichconsistedofsupportindicatorsystemandpressureindicatorsystem.Andthefactoranalysismethodwasusedtoscreentheindicatorsystem.Differentfromthetraditionalindicatorweightdeterminationbasedontheabsolutevaluesofthecoefficientsofregressionequation,thesquaresoffactorloadingsintherotatedcomponentmatrixwereattemptedtodeterminetheweightsof40assessmentindicators.TheresultshowsthatecologicalsupportsystemandpressuresysteminBinhaiNewAreaarerelativelybalancedamongsixyears,andthedevelopinglevelofurbanecosystemisbasicallyhealthyonthewhole.However,duetocontinuouslyincreasingpressureoftheresourcesconsumptioncausedbytherapidgrowthofthesecondindustry,whichistheLeadingIndustryofBinhaiNewArea,theecosystemcarryingcapacityreachedtheminimumin2005.

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简介：Basedonthedataofurbanlanduseobtainedbyremotesensinginterpretationfromaeroimagesin1986and2004,thespatialstructureofJinanisstudiedinthispaperwiththemethodofGeographicInformationSystem(GIS).Accordingtotheproportionoflandforresidence,industryandcommerce,theurbandistrictcanbedistinguishedintothreerings.ComparedwiththetraditionaltheoryoftheringstructureinWesterncoun-tries,theyhavemanydistinctivecharacteristics.Themainfunc-tionsoftheinnerringincluderesidence,businessandbanking,buttheproportionofresidentialland(morethan50%)isconsiderablyhigherthanthatofthecitiesinWesterncountries.Thelandproportionforresidenceandindustryintheintermediateringisequalonthewhole.Themainlandoftheoutsideringisforindustrialuse.From1986to2004,greatchangeshavetakenplaceonthelandproportionofdifferenttypesofuse.Intheinnerring,thelandforresidentialandindustrialusehasshrunkmuchwhilethelandforcommercialusehasincreased.Intheintermediatering,thechangesofthethreetypesoflandusewerenotverymuchandthetemporalvariationwasrelativelystable.Onthecontrary,thestructureintheoutsideringvariesacutely.Thoughmostofitisalsoforindustrialuse,theproportionofresidentiallandhasin-creasedmuch.Thethreeringscanalsobedividedintoseveralsectorsrespectively,accordingtothefunctionoflanduseclusters.Newtrendsandmechanismsofthechangesoflanduseimpactingtheurbanstructurewereproposedintheendofthepaper.

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简介：Globalpositioningsystem(GPS)forvehicleapplicationsintheurbanareaischallengedbylowsignalintensity.ThecarrierloopbasedonfastFouriertransform(FFT)canobtainahighsignaltonoiseratio(SNR)gainbyincreasingtheobservationtime.However,thisleadstoamajorproblemthattheaccelerationcannotbeignored.TheperformanceoftheFFT-basedloopwilldeclinewiththeaccelerationincreasing.ThispaperdiscussestheeffectofthedynamiconFFTfirst.ThenahighperformancecarriertrackingloopforweakGPSL5signalsisproposed.Itcombinesdiscretechirp-Fouriertransform(DCFT)andthephasefittingmethodtoestimateDopplerfrequencyandDopplerratesimultaneously.First,asequenceofintegrationresultsisusedtoperformDCFTtoestimatecoarseDopplerfrequencyandDopplerrate.Second,thephaseofthesequenceiscalculatedandusedtoperformlinearfitting.Bythephasefittingmethod,thefineDopplerfrequencyandDopplerratecanbeestimated.ThecomputationcostissmallbecausetheintegrationresultsareusedandthephasefittingmethodneedsonlycoarseestimatesofDopplerfrequencyandDopplerrate.ComparedwithFFTandDCFT,theprecisionofthephasefittingmethodisnotlimitedbytheresolution.Thustheproposedloopcangethighprecisionandlowcarriertonoiseratio(C/N0)trackingthreshold.Simulationresultsshowthisloophasagreatimprovementthanconventionalloopsforurbanweak-signalapplications.

简介：《都市快轨交通》国际版,UrbanRailTransit是一个同行评审的、国际的、跨学科的开放存取期刊,在著名的学术期刊出版品牌SpringerOpen平台出版。UrbanRailTransit旨在为城市轨道交通领域的科学家、研究人员和工程技术人员发表原创的、有意义的论文提供一个平台,促进城市轨道交通领域的学术讨论和技术交流,也为轨道交通领域运营及建设的决策者、技术专家的决策提供参考。

简介：IntroductionBeingofgreatvaluetorailwaytransportandhencetonationaleconomy,electrificationofrailwayshasbeencarriedoutveryrapidlyinChinainthepast30years.Bytheendof1990,some6941kmofelectrifiedrailwayshavebeenopenedtotrafficandabout16,000kmoronefourthofthetotalrailwaylengthareexpectedtobeelectrified,accountingfor45%ofthetotalrailwayfreightvolume.Atpresent,ShaanxiProvinceranksfirstwithrespecttototal

简介：ThemethodsofvegetationecologywereusedtoanalyzethecommunitystructureofHefeiRingPark,andspeciescomposition,distributionpatternoftreeheightandDBHweredescribed.Throughcalculationoftreegrowthindexandassociationcorrelationofcomponentspecies,thecommunitystructureswereanalyzed.Theresultsshowedthatcommunitystructuresarecomplex,thereare22pairsofspecieswithpositiveassociation,andtreeindividualinthefollowingcommunitiesgrowwellandaremorestable,themajorarePlatycladusorientalis-Prunuscerasiferafatropurpurea-Osmanthusfragrans,Robiniapseduacacia-Ligustrumlucidum,Robiniapseudoacacia-Ginkgobiloba-Photiniaserrulata,Populuscadadensis-Ligustrumlucidum-Osmanthusfragrans,Sophorajaponica-Ligustrumlucidum-Buxussinica,Cyclobalanopsisglauca-Distyliumracemosum.

简介：MetropolitanManila,thecapitalregionofthePhilippines,initiatedurbanforestryprojectstoshowcaseitsenvironmentalbenefits.MetroManilawasonceapartofatropicalmangroveforestdominatedbysmalltreeslocallycallednilad(Scyphiphorahydrophyllaceae).Thefast-pacedurbanizationtransformedtheoriginalecosystemintoabustlingmetropolissubjectedtoenvironmentaldecay.Theestablishmentofurbanforestryisoneoftheinterventionssoughtbythegovernmenttomitigatetheenvironmentalconditions.Thus,theconceptofparticipatoryurbanforestrywasformalizedin1988bythenationalgovernment.However,itwasduringtheearlyyearsofthe1970sthattheideaofexertingcollectiveeffortingreeningMetroManilastartedthroughtheGreenRevolution,withtheprimarymotiveofupliftingtheeconomicconditionofthepeopleratherthanonecologicalenhancement.Theprojectwasforcedonthepeopletoplantvegetablesandfruittreeswithlessemphasisonforesttreesspecies.Althoughtheprojectwasnotsuccessful,thegovernmentrealizedthatthecitizenrycouldbeagreatpartnerforacollectiveworthwhileundertaking.

简介：AbstractBackground:Fecal incontinence (FI) has been shown to be a common symptom in Western countries; however, there is few researches focusing on its epidemic condition in Chinese women. We conducted this national population-based epidemiology study to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of FI among adult Chinese women living in urban regions.Methods:This is a subgroup analysis of a national population-based epidemiology study of FI. Total 28,196 adult women from urban regions of six provinces and municipalities participated in this research from 2014 to 2015. They finished the questionnaire under the direction of trained interviewers. FI was defined as accidental leakage of flatus and/or liquid or solid stool at least once in the past. The FI prevalence trend and risk factors were identified by the Cochran-Armitage test, Chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression.Results:The prevalence of FI in adult females in urban China was 0.43% (95% confidence interval: 0.35%-0.51%). Among women with FI, 42.96%, 82.96%, and 42.22% reported having leakage of solid, liquid stool, and gas, respectively. The overall FI prevalence and the incidence rate of solid stool/liquid stool/gas leakage increased with age. The mean Wexner score was 4.0% and 12.0% FI patients reported Wexner score ≥9. Body mass index ≥24 kg/m2, pelvic organ prolapses, chronic constipation, chronic cough, alcohol consumption, physical diseases including chronic bronchitis and cancer, gynecological diseases like gynecological inflammation are risk factors for FI. Vaginal delivery was the risk factor for FI in females with labor history.Conclusions:FI was not a common symptom in adult Chinese women living in urban areas and there were some potential modifiable risk factors.Trial Registration:Chinses Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-OCS-14004675; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4898

简介：《都市快轨交通》国际版，UrbanRailTransit是一个同行评审的、国际的、跨学科的开放存取期刊，在著名的学术期刊出版品牌SpringerOpen平台出版。

简介：优化协调控制的过程被划分成二个阶段。在第一个阶段，学习改进单个点的交叉的一个柔韧的最佳的控制模型优化周期和裂口。在第二个阶段，学习作为一个完全的系统把所有连接与动脉的道路的交叉相结合，并且使用房间传播模型在城市的庆祝动脉的道路上模仿交通流动。我们基于站台建议一个协调控制模型优化在邻近的交叉之间的偏移量。基因算法被MATLAB执行解决模型。性能评估表演模型有效地，还原剂一般水准延期和动脉的道路上并且大部分的车辆的停止的率不仅提高动脉的道路的交通能力，而且为流动变化降低信号控制的敏感。

简介：Inordertocontrolthelarge-scaleurbantrafficnetworkthroughhierarchicalordecentralizedmethods,itisnecessarytoexploitanetworkpartitionmethod,whichshouldbebotheffectiveinextractingsubnetworksandfasttocompute.Inthispaper,anewapproachtocalculatethecorrelationdegree,whichdeterminesthedesireforinterconnectionbetweentwoadjacentintersections,isfirstproposed.Itisusedasaweightofalinkinanurbantrafficnetwork,whichconsidersboththephysicalcharacteristicsandthedynamictrafficinformationofthelink.Then,afastnetworkdivisionapproachbyoptimizingthemodularity,whichisacriteriontodistinguishthequalityofthepartitionresults,isappliedtoidentifythesubnetworksforlarge-scaleurbantrafficnetworks.Finally,anapplicationtoaspecifiedurbantrafficnetworkisinvestigatedusingtheproposedalgorithm.Theresultsshowthatitisaneffectiveandefficientmethodforpartitioningurbantrafficnetworksautomaticallyinrealworld.

简介：Aimingatfacilitatingtheresearchofurbantourismimagepositioning,thispapersummarizesthedomesticandabroadtheoriesonurbantourismimageandanalyzesitssignificanceforcities.WithDengfengasanexample,itsgoalistoboostdevelopmentofDengfengtourism,whichisanexcellenttourismcityinChina.Thispaperpresentsitscurrenturbantourismdevelopingsituation,positionsitstourismimage,concludestheplanofimagebrandandproposespromotionalslogansbasedontheanalysisofDengfengtourismlocalfeatures,itscoreelementsandperceptionsofvisitors.

简介：Thechangeofpinescale(HemiberlesiapitysophilaTakagi)populationdensityonpineforestinurbanparkbetweentreatment(tendingoperations)andCK(notendingoperations)wasresearchedinthispaper.Theresultswereshownasfollows:populationdensitydeclinedto0.63headperbundlefrom2.61headsperbundlewhencrowndensityofpineinurbanparkhadbecome0.5orsobymeansofcultivationactivitiessuchasfelling,pruningandthinningandsoon,anddropgotto75.86percent.Thepinewoodswouldsoongetrevivedonceusingthesecultivationactivities,sotendingoperationswasmainmeasurescontrollingoverharmofpinescaleinurbanpark;Atthesametime,populationdensityofpinescaleonpinewoodsinthesunnyslopewasmorethanthatinthesomberslopeandithadbecomelessandlessfromsunnyslopetosomberslope.Therefore,treespeciesmustbechosenintheplanninganddesignofurbanparkforpreventingharmandhappeningofpinescale.

简介：ThemaineffectfactorofBeijingurbanpublictransportationticketpricesystemfoundationisanalyzedbyapplyingsystemanalysismethod.Feasibleschemeofpublictransportationticketpricesyscemisproposed.3implementedschemeofpublictransportationticketpricesystemisvaluedbyapplyingfuzzymethod.

简介：PM2.5喷雾器从2009年4月在城市的Chengdu被取样到2010年1月，并且他们的化学作文为元素详细被描绘，浇可溶的无机的离子，和碳的物质。PM2.5的年度一般水准是165gm3，它通常比另外的中国城市里的大小高，建议城市里的严肃的微粒污染问题。水可溶的离子包括元素的碳和器官的碳贡献了43.5%到年度全部的PM2.5集体、碳的喷雾器贡献了32.0%，并且踪迹元素贡献了13.8%。不同每日、季节的变化在PM2.5和它的部件的集体集中被观察，反映不同人为、生来的来源的季节的变化。对中立粒子弱酸被作出对有利的裁决PM2.5。从来源分配分析识别的PM2.5的主要来源包括了煤燃烧，交通用尽，燃烧的生物资源，土壤灰尘，和构造清扫排出物。低硝酸盐：硫酸盐比率建议静止排出物比车辆排出物更重要。铵硫酸盐的重建的群众，铵硝酸盐，微粒碳的物质，和好土壤说明了79%全部的测量PM2.5质量；他们也说明了散布的92%全部的测量粒子。