简介:为了明确团聚现象及表面性质对ZnS纳米材料发光性质的影响,采用SiO2对ZnS材料进行了表面修饰,并对ZnS及ZnS/SiO2复合材料的光学性质进行对比研究。采用吸收光谱分析了包覆前后光吸收性质的差异,发现SiO2包覆后ZnS纳米材料的带边由333nm红移至360nm。为了研究ZnS纳米材料与ZnS/SiO2纳米复合材料的光发射性质,分别对含纳米材料的水溶液样品及粉末样品的发光光谱进行了采集。对比研究的结果表明,SiO2包覆后ZnS纳米材料在蓝紫光区的发光得到了明显增强。以氙灯作为激发光源所获得荧光光谱显示ZnS/SiO2粉末样品发光的积分强度增大为原来的17.5倍,但相同条件下针对溶液样品的测试结果显示其发光强度只增大了1.1倍,这种增强可用SiO2的存在抑制了ZnS纳米粒子间的团聚来解释,且这一推断由325nm紫外激光激发下获得的光致发光数据进行了验证。
简介:Variousagriculturalcropresiduesincludingcornstover,corncob,andsorghumstalkwithamoisturecontentof75wt%weresubjectedtoalongpretreatment(12-60h)withsupercriticalCO2(scCO2),atlowtemperature(50-80℃)andapressureof17.5-25.0Mpa.Thesugaryieldsfromtheenzymatichydrolysis(EH)ofthepretreatedsampleswereasmuchasthree-tofourfoldgreaterthanthoseaffordedbytherawmaterials.However,whenpretreatmentwasconductedwithinashorttime(e.g.0.5h),aspreviouslyreportedintheliterature,onlyaslightincreaseintheEHsugaryieldswasobserved.TheproposedscCO2pretreatmentmechanismdemonstratedtheroleofmoistureinthesystem.Wetting,softening,andswellingwereobservedtomainlyaffectthelignocellulosewhenasuitableamountofwaterwasadded.Finally,thesampleswereanalysedbyX-raydiffractionandscanningelectronmicroscopy,beforeandafterpretreatment,toinvestigatethechangesinthemicroscopicstructureofthebiomass.
简介:Anovelgas-phaseelectrocatalyticcellcontainingalow-temperatureprotonexchangemembrane(PEM)wasdevelopedtoelectrochemicallyconvertCO2intoorganiccompounds.TwodifferentCu-basedcathodecatalysts(CuandCu-C)werepreparedbyphysicalvapordepositionmethod(sputtering)andsubsequentlyemployedforthegas-phaseelectroreductionofCO2atdifferenttemperatures(70-90℃).ThepreparedelectrodesCuandCu-CwerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),X-rayphotoemissionspectroscopy(XPS)andscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM).Asrevealed,CuispartiallyoxidizedonthesurfaceofthesamplesandtheCuandCu-Ccathodiccatalystswerecomprisedofaporous,continuous,andhomogeneousfilmwithnanocrystallineCuwithagrainsizeof16and8nm,respectively.Theinfluenceoftheappliedcurrentandtemperatureontheelectro-catalyticactivityandselectivityofthesematerialswasinvestigated.Amongthetwoinvestigatedelectrodes,thepureCucatalystfilmshowedthehighestCO2specificelectrocatalyticreductionratesandhigherselectivitytomethanolformationcomparedtotheCu-Celectrode,whichwasattributedtothehigherparticlesizeoftheformerandlowerCuO/Curatio.Theobtainedresultsshowpotentialinterestforthepossibleuseofelectrical「enewableenergyforthetransformationofCO2intovaluableproductsusinglowmetalloadingCubasedelectrodes(0.5mgCucm2)preparedbysputtering.
简介:Inthiswork,MoOxpromotedIr/SiO2catalystswerepreparedandusedfortheselectivehydrogenolysisoftetrahydrofurfurylalcohol(THFA)to1,5-pentanediolinacontinuousflowreactor.Theeffectsofdifferentnoblemetals(Ir,Pt,Pd,Ru,Rh),supportsandIrcontentswerescreened.Amongtheinvestigatedcatalysts,4wt%Ir-MoOx/SiO2withaMo/Iratomicratioof0.13exhibitedthebestcatalyticperformance.ThesynergybetweenIrparticlesandthepartiallyreducedisolatedMoOxspeciesattachedonthemisessentialfortheexcellentcatalyticperformanceofIr-MoOx/SiO2.ThecatalystexhibitedabetterhydrogenolysisefficiencyofTHFAwiththeselectivityof1,5-pentanediolof65%–74%ataconversionofTHFAof70%–75%whentheinitialTHFAconcentrationisrangingfrom20wt%and40wt%.AndhighersystempressurewasalsoinfavoroftheconversionofTHFA.Duringastabilitytest,theconversionofTHFAand1,5-pentanediolyieldoverIr-MoOx/SiO2decreasedwithreactiontime,whichcanbeexplainedbytheleachingofMospeciesduringthereaction.
简介:Catalyticpropertiesofthemetal-organicframeworkCr-MIL-101insolvent-freecycloadditionofCO2toepoxidestoproducecycliccarbonatesusingtetrabutylammoniumbromideasco-catalysthavebeenexploredundermildreactionconditions(8barCO2,25C).Styreneandpropylenecarbonateswereformedwithhighyields(95%and82%,respectively).CatalyticperformanceofCr-MIL-101wascomparedwithotherMOFs:Fe-MIL-101,Zn-MOF-5andHKUST-1.Thecatalyticpropertiesofdifferentquaternaryammoniumbromides,Cr-MIL-101aswellasPW12/Cr-MIL-101compositematerialhavebeenassessedinoxidativecarboxylationofstyreneinthepresenceofbothtert-butylhydroperoxideandH2O2asoxidantsat8100barCO2and2580Cwithselectivitytostyrenecarbonateupto44%at57%substrateconversion.
简介:Anewdinudeatingligandconsistingofatetraphanylporphyrinderivativecovalentlylinkedwithtris(2-benzimidazylmethyl)-amineanditshomodinudearCo-CoandheterodinnelearCo-Cucomplexesweresynthesizedandspectroscopicallycharacter-ized.Theheterobimetalliecobalt-coppercomplexbearingthreebenzimidazoleligandsforcopper,ascytochromecoxidaseac-tivesitemodel,wasappliedtothesurfaceofglassycarbonelec-trodetoshowelectrocatalytieactivityforO2reductioninaque-oussolutionatanaddityleveldosetophysiologicalpHvalue.Thekineticparametersofthiselectrocatalyticprocesswereob-tained.
简介:《数学课程标准》要求学生所掌握的空间与图形内容如下:能够借助不同的方法探索几何对象的有关性质;能够使用不同的方式表达几何对象的大小、位置与特征;能够在头脑里构建几何对象,进行几何图形的分解与组合,能够对某些图形进行简单的变换;能够借助数学证明的方法确认数学命题的正确性。图形与证明是空间与图形的核心内容之一,课标要求学生掌握基本的图形基础知识与基本技能;了解证明的含义,掌握证明的方法,体会证明的过程;能把所学的公理、定理和基本事实正确运用到证明的过程中,在合情推理的基础上发展初步的演绎推理能力;初步通过观察、实验、归纳、类比、推测获得数学猜想,体验数学活动充满着探索性和创造性,感受证明的必要性、证明过程的严谨性及结论的稳定性,它贯穿在整个几何知识的学习及运用之中.