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简介：Obstructivesleepapnoea(OSA)isacommonconditioncharacterizedbyrepetitiveepisodesofpartialorcompleteupperairwayobstructionduringsleep(Figure1).Obstructiveeventsareusuallyassociatedwithhypoxia,whichcanbeprofound,andterminatedbyanarousalfromsleep,producingsympatheticnervoussystemactivationandsleepfragmentationwith

简介：专家说：“良好的睡眠胜过一切护肤品。”拥有美妙青春的你，虽然言之过早，但是拥有一份良好的睡眠会让人精神焕发，更赋有创造力，这一点对于中学生朋友们尤为重要。饱满的精神状态，又何尝不是你我追求的呢!

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简介：Wespendaboutone-thirdofourlivesasleep.Thismaysoundlikealotoftime,butitisnotwasted.我们一生中有三分之一的时间在睡觉,这听起来可能是很多时间,但是这些时间并没有浪费。Ourbodiesneedsleeptostayhealthy.Notgettingenoughsleep,oraswesometimessayshut-eye,canmakeussick.我们的身体需要睡眠才能保持健康。缺乏充足的睡眠会让我们生病。

简介：同学们，欢迎大家踊跃参加“全国中学生英语翻译大赛”!请将下面这篇文章翻译成汉语。（具体参赛事宜请参见本刊2013年第7期中的《2013年全国中学生英语翻译大赛启事》）

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简介：AbstractTreatment-emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA) is a specific form of sleep-disordered breathing, characterized by the emergence or persistence of central apneas during treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. The purpose of this review was to summarize the definition, epidemiology, potential mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and treatment of TECSA. We searched for relevant articles up to January 31, 2020, in the PubMed database. The prevalence of TECSA varied widely in different studies. The potential mechanisms leading to TECSA included ventilatory control instability, low arousal threshold, activation of lung stretch receptors, and prolonged circulation time. TECSA may be a self-limited disorder in some patients and could be resolved spontaneously over time with ongoing treatment of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, central apneas persist even with the regular CPAP therapy in some patients, and new treatment approaches such as adaptive servo-ventilation may be necessary. We concluded that several questions regarding TECSA remain, despite the findings of many studies, and it is necessary to carry out large surveys with basic scientific design and clinical trials for TECSA to clarify these irregularities. Further, it will be vital to evaluate the baseline demographic and polysomnographic data of TECSA patients more carefully and comprehensively.

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简介：<正>SometimesIsleeplikeababyandsometimesIsleeplikealog.Forme,thebabyaspectisdefinedbyaseriesofinterruptionswithaquickfixinthebathroomorasnackfromthefridge.Thelogismorelikeastiffnessaccompaniedbyametaphoricchainsawbuzzfrommyapparentlyloudsnoring.Insomnia,habitualsleeplessness,fortunatelyisnotafriendofmine,butthat’sbecauseIhaveexperimentedwithdifferentwaystomakemyfortywinkslonger,wakenwithanattitudetoseizethedayandnotfeeltiredanhourafterbreakfast.Areyouoneoftheestimatedonehalfofthepopulationwhosuffersfromnotenoughshut-eye?Allowmetoletyouin

简介：我们由与多分数维的detrended变化分析方法分析可伸缩的行为在睡觉学习心率可变性(HRV)的动态性质。那心率被自治神经系统的二个分支的相互作用调整，是众所周知的：副交感、同情的神经系统。由调查multifractalproperties深，点亮rapid-eye-movement(雷姆)睡觉并且弄醒舞台，我们第一在可以被扩充同情的活动相对非雷姆睡觉引起的雷姆睡觉期间发现增加多分数维的行为。另外，在有第二顺序detrended变化分析的睡觉的远程的关联ofHRV的调查介绍不规则的现象。Thesefindings可能是有用的在醒来睡觉转变期间由自治神经系统理解心率的内在的调整机制。

简介：Forgetcountingsheep,nexttimeyouarehavingtroubledroppingofftosleeptryputtingonajazzCD.

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简介：AbstractPediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is among the most common sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) diseases in children. Its high prevalence and multiple systemic complications lead to increasing numbers of children and families affected by OSA. Timely diagnosis and effective intervention in children with this condition is extremely important in improving their prognosis. The major approaches in the treatment of OSA in children are to eliminate the causes of upper airway obstruction and prevent and treat complications. Considering the specific individual differences in children’s growth and development, as well as the diversity of etiologies in children’s OSA, pediatric treatment strategies need to be precise, multidisciplinary, and individualized. First-line clinical treatment consists of surgical (adenotonsillectomy) and non-surgical therapies [including anti-inflammatory medications and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)]. However, a considerable controversy exists concerning the indications, treatment standards, and the evaluation of the efficacy of the aforementioned treatment methods. In this review, reviews and assessment of literature studies and multidisciplinary clinical experience were performed to analyze the application of each treatment and discuss controversial issues and future research directions. We suggest that the above interventions should be tailored to each child’s needs, comorbidities, and the availability and expertise of the practitioner. The ideal case is when a multidisciplinary team of doctors together with the patients and their parents, or guardians, have a thorough discussion regarding the benefits and risks of all available treatment options and all agree on an effective treatment plan.

简介：AbstractBackground:Many Parkinson disease (PD) patients complain about chronic fatigue and sleep disturbances during the night. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between fatigue and sleep disturbances by using polysomnography (PSG) in PD patients.Methods:Two hundred and thirty-two PD patients (152 with mild fatigue and 80 with severe fatigue) were recruited in this study. Demographic information and clinical symptoms were collected. Fatigue severity scale (FSS) was applied to evaluate the severity of fatigue, and PSG was conducted in all PD patients. FSS ≥4 was defined as severe fatigue, and FSS <4 was defined as mild fatigue. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between fatigue and sleep disturbances.Results:Patients with severe fatigue tended to have a longer duration of disease, higher Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale score, more advanced Hoehn and Yahr stage, higher daily levodopa equivalent dose, worse depression, anxiety, and higher daytime sleepiness score. In addition, they had lower percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (P = 0.009) and were more likely to have REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (P = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that the presence of RBD and proportion of REM sleep were the independent predictors for fatigue. After the adjustment of age, sex, duration, body mass index, severity of disease, scores of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and other sleep disorders, proportion of REM sleep and degree of REM sleep without atonia in patients with PD were still associated with FSS score.Conclusion:Considering the association between fatigue, RBD, and the altered sleep architecture, fatigue is a special subtype in PD and more studies should be focused on this debilitating symptom.

简介：AnAmericanscientistnamedWilliamDementpublishedexperimentsdealingwiththerecordingofeye-movementsduringsleep.Heshowedthatthecommonperson'ssleepisinterruptedfromtimetotimebyspecialeye-movements,somefloatingandslow,othersquickandrapid.Peoplewokenduringtheseperiodsofeye-movementsgenerallyreportedthattheyhadbeendreaming.Whenwokenatothertimestheyreportednodreams.

简介：ObstructiveSleepApnea(OSA)isacommonchronicdisorderthataffects5–10%oftheUSpopulationwithahigherprevalenceinmencomparedtowomenby2:1inpopulationstudies.Bycontrast,inpatientswithcardiovasculardisease,itsprevalencecanexceed50%dependingonthespecificdisordersurveyed.Althoughsexdifferenceshavebeenwelldescribedforcardiovascularriskfactors;existingdataregardingtheimpactofsexontherelationshipbetweenOSAandcardiovascularoutcomesiscontroversial.Similarly,whilethereisstrongevidenceforincreasedprevalenceofcardiovascularconditions,suchassystemichypertension,atrialfibrillation,aswellasheartfailureamongstpatientssufferingfromOSA;conflictingevidenceexistsregardingtheincidenceandbidirectionalrelationshipbetweenthemaswellastheimpactoftreatmentofOSAoncardiovascularoutcomes.Inthispaper,wewillreviewtheassociationsbetweenOSAandcardiovasculardiseasesinwomen.Thedataonsexdifferencesislimited,duetoanumberofreasons,including,butnotlimitedtolatepresentationofOSAinwomen,difficultiesindiagnosingbothOSAandcardiovasculardiseasesinwomenandstillsuboptimalinclusionofadequatenumberofwomeninclinicaltrials.MorestudiesareneededtobetterdelineatesexdifferencesintheclinicalpresentationaswellasthepathophysiologyoftheassociationsbetweenOSAandcardiovasculardiseasessothatwecanprovidepatientswithmorepersonalizedcare.

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