简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethespecialtyoftranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachforremovalofcranio-orbitaltumors,introducetheophthalmologicalexperiencesofenteringtheorbittoreducetheincidencerateofassociatedcomplicationsofthisoperation.·METHODS:Weperformedaretrospectiveanalysisofaseriesof37casesinvolvingpatientswhounderwenttranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachfortreatmentofcranio-orbitaltumorsinourdepartmentinthepast8years.Pterionapproachcraniotomywasperformedtoallpatients.Afterremovingtumorsintheskullbytheneurosurgeon,ophthalmologistremovedtumorsinorbit.Wetookmeasuresbelowtodecreasecomplications,includinggroundingopticcanalthroughanabrasivedrillingwhennecessary,hangingvariousextraocularmusclestobeexposedforprotection,refrigeratingbyrefrigerationheadstoremovetumors,atlastsewinguporbitseptumaftersurgery.·RESULTS:Tumorswereremovedcompletelyin32cases,andincompletein5casesduetoextensiveinvasionintothecavernoussinusorsphenoidsinus.Ofallthecases,benigntumorsweredemonstratedin28cases(75.6%,28/37)andmalignantin9(24.3%,9/37).Themostcommonlesiontypewasmeningiomain11cases(29.7%,11/37).Extraocularmuscles(EOM)impairment,occurringin21cases(56.7%,21/37),wasthemostfrequentpostoperativecomplication.Themostseriousconsequencewasvisionlossoccurredin4cases(10.8%,4/37).Othercomplications,suchas11casesoftransientblepharoptosis29.7%(11/37),5casesofmydriasisin13.5%(5/7);2casesofcerebrospinalrhinorrheain5.4%(2/37).·CONCLUSION:Cranio-orbitaltumorscanberemovedcompletelyusingtranscranialapproach,andthepterionalapproachoffersexcellentexposure.Cooperationofinterdisciplinaryteamofneurosurgeonsandophthalmologistsconducestofulluseofrespectiveprofessionaladvantages.Theexperienceofophthalmicoperationtechnologycandecreaseoccurrenceofocularcomplicationsaftersurger

简介：AIM:Tomeasurecentralcornealthickness(CCT)andpre-cornealtearfilmthicknessusingtheGalileidualScheimpfluganalyzer(GSA)inNewZealandWhiterabbits.METHODS:TennormalNewZealandWhiterabbits(20eyes)wereincludedinthisstudy.Withtheassistanceof0.1%fluorescein,thepre-cornealtearfilmcanbewellvisualized.BotheyesofeachrabbitwerescannedoncewiththeGSApre-andpost-instillationof1μL0.1%fluorescein.ThedifferencebetweenthetwomeasurementsofCCT(4-mmdiameter)wasrecordedasthepachymetricvaluesofthecentraltearfilm.RESULTS:TheCCTofpre-andpost-instillationwas388.8±9.5μmand407.0±10.5μm,respectively.Afterapairedt-testanalysis,thecentralpre-cornealtearfilmthicknessof4mmdiameterwas18.2±5.31μmwitha95%confidenceintervalof(15.7,20.6)μm(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:GSAcanbeusedtomeasureCCTandanalyzecentraltearfilmthicknessofrabbitswiththehelpoffluorescein.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethecharacteristicsandcriterionofgraftrejectioninmicemodel.METHODS:C57BL/6orBALB/cmicecornealgraftsweregraftedontoBALB/chosts.Eachgroupwasdividedintotwosubgroupsaccordingtothecornealopacityscores12daftertransplantation.Thecharacteristicsofopacityandneovascularizationwereobserved.Miceofthe12th,50thdayaftertransplantation,thegraftsbiopsyofmiceinallogeneicgroup1,whichopacityscoreexceed3,werepreparedforhistologicalobservationandthoserestoretransparentwereendothelialstained.RESULTS:Therewasnodifferenceofcornealopacityscoreonthe7thand12thdayafteroperation;thehistologicalresultshadnodisparitybetweensyngeneicgroupandallogeneicgroup.Onthe12thdayaftersurgery,theturbiditycurvewasapparentingraftswithopacityscore<2.Mononuclearcellswereshowningraftswithopacityscorereached3inallogeneicgroup1.Differentrejectionperformancewasobservedintissuesectionsonthe50thdayaftersurgery.CONCLUSION:Grafts,opacityscoreexceeds3fromthe7thtothe12thdayafteroperationcouldnotbejudgedasarejection.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothevariationofgraftsopacitysince12daftercornealtransplantation.

简介：AIM:Topresenttheoutcomeofmodifiedgridlaserphotocoagulation(GLP)indiffusediabeticmacularedema(DDME)ineyeswithoutextrafovealand/orvitreofovealtraction.METHODS:InclusioncriteriafortheretrospectivestudywereDDMEeyesofpatientswithtypeⅡdiabetesmellitusthathad≥4monthsoffollow-upfollowingGLP.Onlyoneeyeperpatientwasanalyzed.Using3-Dspectral-domainopticalcoherencetomography(3-DSDOCT),eyesthathadeitherextrafovealorvitreofovealtraction,orhadbeenpreviouslytreatedbyanintravitrealmedication(s)wereexcluded.TreatedDDMEeyesweredividedinto4groups:A)'Classic'DDMEthatinvolvedthecentralmacula;B)edemadidnotinvolvethemacularcenter;C)eyesassociatedwithcentralepiretinalmembrane(ERM);D)DDMEthatwasassociatedwithmacularcapillarydropout≥2disc-diameter(DD).RESULTS:GLPoutcomein35DDMEeyesafter4-24(mean,13.1±6.9)monthswasasfollows:GroupA)18eyeswith'classic'DDME.Followingoneor2(mean,1.2)GLPtreatments,best-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)improvedby1-2Snellenlinesin44.4%(8/18)ofeyes,andworsenedby1linein11.1%(2/18).Centralmacularthickness(CMT)improvedby7%-49%(mean,26.6%)in77.8%(14/18)ofeyes.CausesofCMTworsening(n=4)werecommonlyexplainable,predominantly(n=3)associatedwithemergenceofextrafovealtraction,5-9monthspost-GLP.GroupB)GLP(s)inDDMEthatdidnotinvolvethemacularcenter(n=6)resultedinimprovedBCVAby1-2linesin2eyes.However,thecentralmaculabecameinvolvedintheedemaprocessaftertheGLPin3(50%)eyes,associatedwithanemergenceofextrafovealtractioninoneoftheseeyes4monthsfollowingtheGLP.GroupC)GLPfailedinall5eyesassociatedwithcentralERM.GroupD)GLPwasofpartialbenefitin2of6treatedeyeswithmacularcapillarydropout≥2DD.CONCLUSION:EyeswithDDMEthatinvolvedthemacularcenterwerefoundtoachievefavourableoutcomesafterGLP(s)duringmid-termfollow-up,unlesscomplicatedpre-GLPorpost-GLPbyvltreoretinalinterfaceabnormalities,oftenextrafovealtra

简介：<正>DearSir,IamDr.JingLi,fromtheDepartmentofOphthalmology,BeijingTongrenHospital,Beijing,China.IwanttopresentararecaseoforbitalRosai-Dorfmandiseasepresentingasunilaterallacrimalglandenlargementwithoutlymphadenopathyinvolvement.Rosai-Dorfmandiseaseisalsocalledsinushistiocytosiswithmassivelymphadenopathy(SHML),whichwasfirstdescribedbyRosaiandDorfmanin1969[1].Thisisarare,benign,idiopathichistiocyticproliferativedisorderthatoccurspredominantlyinchildren

简介：AIM:Toestimatetheprevalenceandriskfactorsforvitreousfloatersinthegeneralpopulation.·METHODS:Anelectronicsurveywasadministeredthroughasmartphoneappaskingvariousdemographicandhealthquestions,includingwhetherusersexperiencefloatersintheirfieldofvision.Multivariatelogisticregressionanalysiswasusedtodetermineriskfactors.·RESULTS:Atotalof603individualscompletedthesurvey,with76%reportingthattheyseefloaters,and33%reportingthatfloaterscausednoticeableimpairmentinvision.Myopeswere3.5timesmorelikely(P=0.0004),andhyperopes4.4timesmorelikely(P=0.0069)toreportmoderatetoseverefloaterscomparedtothosewithnormalvision.Floaterprevalencewasnotsignificantlyaffectedbyrespondentage,race,gender,andeyecolor.·CONCLUSION:Vitreousfloaterswerefoundtobeaverycommonphenomenoninthisnon-clinicalgeneralpopulationsample,andmorelikelytobeimpairinginmyopesandhyperopes.

简介：Thekeratoprosthesis(KPro;artificialcornea)isaspecialrefractivedevicetoreplacehumancorneabyusingheterogeneousformingmaterialsfortheimplantationintothedamagedeyesinordertoobtainacertainvision.Themainproblemsofartificialcorneaarethebiocompatibilityandstabilityofthetissueparticularlyinpenetratingkeratoplasty.Thecurrentstudiesoftissue-engineeredscaffoldmaterialsthroughcomprisingcompositesofnaturalandsyntheticbiopolymerstogetherhavedevelopedanewwaytoartificialcornea.Althoughawideagreementthatthelong-termstabilityofthesedeviceswouldbegreatlyimprovedbythepresenceofcorneacells,modificationofkeratoprosthesistosupportcorneacellsremainselusive.Mostofthestudiesoncornealsubstratematerialsandsurfacemodificationofcompositeshavetriedtoimprovethegrowthandbiocompatibilityofcorneacellswhichcannotonlyreducethestimulusofheterogeneousmaterials,butalsomoreimportantlycontinuousandstablecorneacellscanpreventthedestructionofcollagenase.Thenecrosisofstromaandspontaneousextrusionofthedevice,allowformaintenanceofaprecornealtearlayer,andplaytheroleofensuringagoodopticalsurfaceandresistingbacterialinfection.Asaresult,improvementincornealcellshasbeenthemainaimofseveralrecentinvestigations;someefforthasfocusedonbiomaterialforitswellbiologicalpropertiessuchaspromotingthegrowthofcorneacells.Thepurposeofthisreviewistosummarythegrowthstatusofthecornealcellsaftertheimplantationofseveralartificialcorneas.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheexpressionofdendriticcell-associatedC-typelectin-1(dectin-1)attheearlyperiodofAspergillusfumigatusinfectioninrat’scornealepithelium.·METHODS:Atotalof72Wistarratswererandomlydividedintothreegroups:A,BandC.Therighteyeswerechosenasexperimentaleyes.GroupAwascontrolgroup.RatsingroupBwerenotinoculatedwithAspergillusfumigatus.GroupCwastakenasAspergillusfumigatuskeratitismodel.RatsingroupBandC(sixfromeachgroup)wereexecutedrandomlyat4,8,16and24hoursafterexperimentalmodelbeingestablishedtoassesstheexpressionofdectin-1mRNAthroughreal-timePCR.AnothersixratsingroupBandCwereexecutedrandomlyat24hourstoassesstheexpressionofdectin-1proteinthroughimmunohistochemistry.·RESULTS:Theresultsofreal-timePCRindicatedthatdectin-1mRNAexpressionwaslowincornealepitheliumofnormalrats’.Therewasnosignificantlydifferenceofdectin-1mRNAexpressioningroupAandB(P>0.05).TheexpressionofAspergillusfumigatusinfectedcornealepitheliumincreasedgraduallyafter8hoursingroupC.ThesynchronousexpressionofgroupAandChadsignificantdifference(P<0.01).Immunohistochemistydiscoveredthatdectin-1receptorexistedinnormalrat’scornealepithelium.Dectin-1proteinincreasedafter24hoursingroupC.TherewasasignificantdifferenceofsynchronousexpressioningroupBandC(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Dectin-1existsinrat’scornealepitheliumanditsexpressionsignificantlyincreasesattheearlyperiodofAspergillusfumigatusinfection.Dectin-1isapatternrecognitionreceptorthatexpressesincornealepitheliumandinvolvesinimmuneresponsetoAspergillusfungalkeratitis.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethelevelsofserumsolubleintercellularadhesionmolecules-1(sICAM-1)andneutrophilicexpressionofCD18inpatientswithvariousstagesofdiabeticretinopathyandtodeterminetheirdifferentexpressionpatterninthedevelopmentofdiabeticretinopathy(DR).·METHODS:LevelsofserumsICAM-1andCD18onthesurfaceofneutrophileweremeasuredin41DRpatients,theywereclassifiedinthreesubgroupsaccordingtothestageofretinopathyasdeterminedbyfund’sophthalmoscopy;10controlsubjectswerealsostudied.sICAM-1weremeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassayandCD18byflowcytometry.·RESULTS:TheneutrophilicCD18expressionandserumsICAM-1levelwereallsignificantlyelevatedinalldiabeticsubgroupscomparedtocontrolsubjects(P<0.01).ThedifferencesofCD18andsICAM-1amongthediabeticsubgroupsweresignificantinCD18butnotinsICAM-1.TheprogressionofretinopathywasassociatedwithanincreasebothinCD18andinsICAM-1levelsbysimplecorrelationanalysis(β=0.74,P<0.001;β=0.38,P<0.01,respectively).ButstepwisemultipleregressionanalysisrevealedthatonlyCD18wasindependentdeterminantofretinopathy(β=1.04,P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:OurresultsconfirmthecontributionofendothelialandneutrophilicactivationinthedevelopmentofDRasindicatedbyincreasedlevelsofCD18andsICAM-1.However,adirectimplicationofCD18andICAM-1intheprogressionofDRcanbesupportedonlyintheCD18butnotICAM-1.CD18andICAM-1mayplaydifferentroleinthedevelopmentofdiabeticretinopathy.

简介：AIM:Toexaminethemechanismofthedevelopmentofpseudoexfoliation(PSX)syndromeviabothcytokineformationandendothelialvasorelaxingandgrowthfactorsthatwillprovideusnewtherapeuticinsightsforthetreatment.METHODS:Thisisacrosssectionalstudyincludedtwogroups;Group1:controlpatientswithnuclearcataract(n=20,aged51-80years).Group2:PSXpatientswithnuclearcataract(n=18,aged50-90years).Patientswithotherophthalmicproblemsandsystemicdiseaseswereexcluded.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF),interleukin-6(IL-6)andinterleukin-1β(IL-1β)andnitrotyrosinelevelsweredeterminedthroughserumsamplesbyEnzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)method.Nitrite-nitratelevelsweremeasuredwithphotometricendpointdetermination.RESULTS:Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthegroupsintermsofage,VEGF,IL-1β,nitrite-nitrateandnitrotyrosine.ThesignificantresultswerethemeanIL-6levelsthatwerehigherinPSXgroup2(37.68±29.52pg/mL)comparedtothatincontrolgroup1(15.32±10.08pg/mL)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:SeveralinteractingandextendingbiochemicalpathwaysmayleadtothepromotionofVEGFandIL-6expressions.IL-6whichistheonlyalteredmarkerinourstudymayindirectlycauseanincreaseofvascularpermeabilityandneovascularization.WesuggestinflammationasafactorthatcanbeinvolvedinetiopathogenesisofPSX.

简介：·AIM:Tostudytheeffectsofdanhonghuayukoufuye(DHK)onfastingbloodglucose(FBG)anddiabeticretinopathy(DR)instreptozotocin(STZ)-inducedtype1diabeticratstofacilitatetherationalusageofthisdrug.·METHODS:DiabeticratswereinducedbyinjectionofasingledoseofSTZintraperitoneallyat50mg/kg.Flashelectroretinogram(FERG)andoscillatorypotentials(OPs)wereusedtomeasureretinalfunction.Themicrovascularperfusionofearswasperformedtostudythemicrocirculationinrats.FBG,body-weight,and24-hurinevolume,waterintakeanddietintakewerealsoassessed.·RESULTS:DHKhadnoeffectonFBGinnormalrats.However,STZ+DHKgroupweresignificantlydifferentfromthoseofModelandmovedtowardthoseofnormalcontrol.Itreversedtheincreaseindietintake(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)andthelossinbody-weight(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)indiabeticrats.DHKdecreasedtheFBGofdiabeticratsby25.6%(P≤0.05)and37.9%(P≤0.01)after14and21daysadministrationascomparedwiththemodelcontrol,respectively.Moreover,DHKsignificantlyincreasedtheFERGb-waveamplitudeby80%(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)anddecreasedtheFERGb-wavelatencyby15.3%(P≤0.01vsmodelcontrol)after24daysadministration.TheOP1andOP2amplitudesinDHKgroupwere2.6(P≤0.01)and2.0(P≤0.01)timesofmodelgroupafter24daysofDHKtreatment,respectively.Atthesametime,OP1andOP2latenciesinDHKgroupreducedby16.0%(P≤0.001)and14.7%(P≤0.001)ascomparedwiththemodelcontrol,respectively.Furthermore,themicrovascularperfusionofDHKgroupwas2.4timesofmodelgroup(P≤0.001)after21daysadministration.·CONCLUSION:DHKhadnoeffectonnormalFBG.Butithadantihyperglycemicactivity,andhadapreventiveandtherapeuticeffectonDRindiabeticrats.·

简介：AIM:Toanalyzetheapplicationofmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyinthetreatmentofophthalmicdiseases,mainlyanalyzingitsadvantagesandexistingproblems.METHODS:Atotalof30representativeliteraturesabouttheapplicationofultrasoundcontrastagentingenetargetedtherapyathomeandabroadwerecollected,andfocusingonsortingouttheliteraturereportingthetreatmentofophthalmicdiseaseswithmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyinrecentyears,thenrecallingitsadvantagesandproblems,finallymakingreasonableassessmentonexistingproblemsandproposingpossiblesolutionstotheproblems.RESULTS:Duetoitsuniquesafetyandefficacy,thetreatmentofophthalmicdiseaseswithmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyhasincreasinglydrawntheattentionofclinicians,buttworelevantissuesshouldbeconsidered:first,thenatureofcontrastagentandthechoiceofcorrespondingultrasoundparameters;second,relativeincidenceoftissuebleeding,intravascularhemolysis,moderateorsevereallergyaswellasothersideeffects.CONCLUSION:Microbubblemaybecomethecarrieroftargetedtherapy,andasakindofnewnon-invasivedeliverysystem,theultrasoundcontrastagenthasbroadapplicationprospects,butitsapplicationinophthalmicresearchisstillinitsinitialstageandthesafetyofcontrast-enhancedultrasoundstillneedsfurtherstudy.

简介：AIM:TotrainTibetanmonkey(Macacathibetana)forintraocularpressure(IOP)measurementinconsciousstateandobtainnormalIOPinconsciousTibetanMacaque.·METHODS:Thetrainingwasbasedonaward-conditionedbehavior.Foodstimulationandhuman-animalinteractionwereusedinthistraining.·RESULTS:TrainedTibetanmonkeyscalmlyacceptedIOPmeasurementbytheTonoVet?誖reboundtonometerwithoutsedationoranesthesiaandtheirIOPvaluesweresimilartootherprimates.·CONCLUSION:Human-cultivatedThibetanmonkeysaretamable,andcanbeusedforbiomedicalresearchsuchasophthalmicresearchwithoutanesthesia.

简介：AIM:ToanalyzecasesofobstructionofthenasolacrimalductwhichcreatesafertileenvironmentforsecondarybacterialInfectionandcanresultindacryocystitis,whichisaconstantthreattocorneaandorbitalsofttissueandapotentialsourceofendophthalmitisfollowingintraocularsurgery.Themajorityofobstructionsofthelacrimalexcretoryoutflowsystemareacquiredonesoccurringinadulthoodandinvolvingthedistalpartsofthesystem.Acquiredobstructionmaybeprimary/idiopathicorsecondarytoawidevarietyofinfectious,inflammatory,traumatic,mechanical,toxicorneoplasticcausesmimickingidiopathicinflammation.Thesecasesaretreatedbydacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).METHODS:Thepresentstudywasconductedtodeterminethehistopathologic,immunohistochemicalandcurrentmicrobiologiccharacteristicsoflacrimalsacspecimensinpatientsundergoingexternaldacryocystorhinostomy.RESULTS:Non-specificlacrimalsacpathologywaspresentinall33casesand81.8%ofthecasesshowedmoderatechronicinflammationwithachronicinflammatoryscore(CIS)rangingbetween4and6,whereas12.12%showedsevereinflammatorychangeswithaCISof7.Milddegreeofinflammationwasseenin6.06%withaCISof3.Thetotalprevalenceofgrampositive,gram-negative,andculture-negativesampleswere59.4%,37.5%,and3%respectively.CONCLUSION:Non-specificchronicinflammationwithfibrosisisindeedthemostcommonlyreportedhistopathologicalfindinginlacrimalsacwallbiopsyspecimens.

简介：AIM:Toexaminetheexpressionofsurvivinandvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)duringthedevelopmentofretinalneovascularization(NV)inamousemodel.·METHODS:Awell-characterizedmurinemodelofretinalNVwasusedtostudytheexpressionofsurvivinandVEGF.NVoftheretinawasinducedinmicebyexposureto75%O2frompostnataldayP7toP12,followedbyreturntoroomairfromP12toP17.ExpressionofsurvivinandVEGFproteinwasanalyzedbyImmunohistochemistry.Inaddition,mousemodelofproliferativeretinopathywasanalyzedbyretinalfluoresceinangiographyandquantificationanalysis.·RESULTS:Thenormalmicehadbothsuperfiekalanddeepvascularlayersthatextendedfromtheopticnervetotheperiphery.Inintraocularpressure(IOP)micewerecharacterizedbyrepresentatypicalpatternofpathologicalretinalNV.Therearelessorlittlenucleiofnewvesselsvascularendothelialcellbreakingthroughtheinnerretinalthaninretinopathyofprematurity(ROP)mice,largeclustersofbloodvesselswereadherenttotheinternallimitingmembrane(ILM)(0.27±0.20vs23.38±1.027,t=9.454,P<0.001).DuringtheangiogenicperiodfromP13toP17,survivinandVEGFproteinexpressionincreasedinexperimentalretinascomparedwithcontrolsamples(2.56±0.46vs3.34±0.40,t=17.43,P<0.01:2.18±0.75vs4.34±0.25,t=19.61,P<0.01).ProteinlevelsofVEGFandsurvivnhassignificantlypositivecorrelation(P<0.05,r=0.411).·CONCLUSION:CorrelationwasmadeattheproteinlevelsofsurvivinexpressioncomparedwiththatofVEGFinamurinemodelofretinalNV,whichsuggestsatemporalroleforsurvivinandVEGFinnewvesselformationinresponsetohypoxicstimulation.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofintravitrealinjectionofDL-alpha-aminoadipicacid(DL-α-AAA)onocularrefractivestateandretinaldopamine,transforminggrowthfactor-β2(TGFβ2),vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide(VIP)inguineapigform-deprivedmyopia.METHODS:Four-week-oldpigmentedguineapigswererandomlyassignedto4groups:normalcontrol,deprivation,deprivationplusDL-α-AAA,deprivationplussaline.Formdeprivationwasinducedwiththeself-madetranslucenteyeshields,andlastedfor14days.8μgDL-α-AAAwasinjectedintothevitreouschamberofdeprivedeyes.Thecornealradiusofcurvature,refractionandaxiallengthweremeasured.Retinaldopaminecontentwasevaluatedbythehigh-performanceliquidchromatographywithelectrochemicaldetection,andTGFβ2andVIPproteinweredetectedbyWesternblotting.RESULTS:Fourteendaysofeyeocclusioncausedtheaxiallengthtoelongateandbecomemyopicintheform-deprivedeyes,withthedecreaseofretinaldopamineandtheincreaseofTGFβ2andvasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide(VIP)protein.IntravitrealinjectionofDL-α-AAAcouldinhibitthemyopicshiftfrom(-3.65±1.06)Dto(-1.48±0.63)D,P<0.01duetogogglesoccludingandcausethedecreaseofretinalTGFβ2proteininthedeprivedeyes.However,intravitrealinjectionofDL-α-AAAhadnosignificanteffectonretinaldopamineandVIPproteinindeprivedeyes.RetinalTGFβ2proteincorrelatedhighlywiththeocularrefraction(y=-3.34+0.31/x,F=74.75,P<0.001)andaxiallength(y=8.39-0.02/x,F=48.32,P<0.001)indifferenttreatmentgroups.·CONCLUSION:IntravitrealinjectionofDL-α-AAAiseffectivelyabletosuppressthedevelopmentofformdeprivationmyopia,whichmaybeassociatedwithretinalTGFβ2proteininguineapigs.

简介：AIM:ToevaluatetheeffectofCollagencross-linkingonthepreventionofmeltinginrabbitcorneasafteralkaliburn.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitswererandomlydividedintomodelcontrolgroupandcollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup.Thesecondgroupofrabbitsreceivedcollagencrosslinkedtreatment.Bothgroupswereappliedwithantibioticeyedropstopreventinfection.Thecorneaswereevaluatedformelting,opacity,pathologicalandimmunohistochemistry,recordthechangeswhen28daysaftertheanimalswerekilled.·RESULTS:Inthecontrolgroup,6outof8rabbitsshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury(14±4)days,whiletwocornealperforated.Incollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup,onerabbitshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury23days,withoutcornealperforation;cornealdissolutionratebetweenthetwogroupswassignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).Pathologicalexaminationsuggestedthatinthetreatmentgroup,mildcornealedema,milddamagetocollagenfibers,inflammatorycellinfiltrationwassignificantlylessthanthecontrolgroup.Immunohistochemistryshowedthatcornealcollagenfibersarrangedinneatrowsinthecontrolgroup.·CONCLUSION:Collagencross-linkingtreatmentnotonlycanpreventanddelaythecornealmeltingafteralkaliburn,butalsocanreducethedestructionofcornealcollagenfibersandinfiltrationofinflammatorycellsinthecornealtissue.

简介：AIM:Tostudythedistributionofocularhigher-orderaberrations(HOAs)andmesopicpupilsizeinindividualsscreenedforrefractivesurgery.·METHODS:OcularHOAsandmesopicpupilsizewerestudiedin2458eyesof1240patientswithmyopia,myopicastigmatismandcompoundmyopicastigmatismand215eyesof110patientswithhyperopia,hyperopicastigmatismandcompoundhyperopicastigmatismusingtheZywaveaberrometer(Busch&Lomb).Allpatientshadcorrectablerefractiveerrorswithoutahistoryofrefractivesurgeryorunderlyingdiseases.Root-mean-squarevaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberration,totalcomaandmesopicpupilsizewereanalyzed.OcularHOAsweremeasuredacrossa≥6.0mmpupil,andpupilsizemeasurementswereperformedunderthemesopiccondition.·RESULTS:ThemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomainthemyopicgroupwere0.369μm,±0.233,0.133±0.112μmand0.330±0.188μm,respectively.InthehyperopicgroupthemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomawere0.418μm±0.214,0.202±0.209μmand0.343±0.201μm,respectively.HyperopesshowedgreatertotalHOAs(P<0.01)andtotalsphericalaberration(P<0.01)comparedtomyopes.Inage-matchedanalysis,onlytheamountoftotalsphericalaberrationwashigherinthehyperopicgroup(P=0.05).Mesopicpupilsizeinthemyopicgroupwaslarger(P≤0.05).·CONCLUSION:TheresultssuggestedthatsignificantlevelsofHOAswerefoundinbothgroupswhichareimportantforplanningrefractivesurgeriesonIranians.Thereweresignificantlyhigherlevelsoftotalsphericalaberrationinhyperopescomparedtomyopes.Mesopicpupilsizewaslargerinmyopicgroup.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectsandsafetyofphacoemu-lsification(Phaco)orsmall-incisionextracapsularcataractsurgery(SICS)andintraocularlens(IOL)implantationforagedpatients.METHODS:Totally137agedpatients(149eyes)underwentcataractoperationinthecaseofstablesystemiccondition,thebloodpressurelessthan160/95mmHg,bloodglucoselessthan8mmol/L,andunderthehelpofelectrocardiogramsurveillancebyanesthesiologistsduringtheoperation.106agedpatients(114eyes)underwentPhacowhile31agedpatients(35eyes)underwentSICS.Thepostoperativevisualacuity,cornealendothelialcellloss,surgerytimeandmajorcomplicationswereobservedandanalyzedretrospectively.RESULTS:Thebest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)of≥0.6wasachievedin135eyes(92.6%)at1monthpostoperatively(χ2=259.730,P<0.001).Foragedpatients,bothPhacoandSICScouldsignificantlyimprovevisualacuitywithnosignificantdifference(χ2=4.535,P>0.05).Postoperativecornealendothelialcelllosswas18.6%,inPHACOgroup,theratewas18.5%;inSICSgroup,theratewas19.0%,thedifferenceofwhichwasnosignificant(χ2=0.102,P>0.05).Thesurgerytimewasdifferentintwogroups.Noseverecomplicationsoccurred.CONCLUSION:BothPhacoandSICScombinedwithIOLimplantationforagedpatientsareeffectiveandsafe.Beforesurgery,detailedphysicalexaminationshouldbeperformed.Whenthesystemicconditionisstable,cataractsurgeryforagedpatientsissafe.

简介：AIM:Toexaminetheα-Galgeneexpressionanddistributioninthedifferentspecies/genusanddevelopingphaseanimalocularsurfacetissue.METHODS:α-Galbindingassaywerecarriedoutonvariousanimaleyesections.Photograph,slit-lampobservationonvariouseyeshowednormalcornealtransparence.RESULTS:Astrongα-Galexpressionininvertebratesandsomevertebratesoculartissue,butnoα-Galbindinginbirds,fishandmammal.α-Galexpressionchangeinthedevelopmentofmiceocularsurfacetissue(exceptsclera)anddisplaygenusdependencyinthedifferentmurineocularsurfacetissue.CONCLUSION:Thisstudyidentifiedspecificα-Galepitopesbindingareaintheocularsurfaceofseveralspeciesandmaysolvetheproblemthatnaiveocularsurfacemaybeusedasnaturalα-Galgeneknockoutmodel/highriskimmunologicrejectionmodelorocularsurfacescaffoldmaterial.