简介:Background:Monitoringforesthealthandbiomassforchangesovertimeintheglobalenvironmentrequirestheprovisionofcontinuoussatelliteimages.However,opticalimagesoflandsurfacesaregenerallycontaminatedwhencloudsarepresentorrainoccurs.Methods:Toestimatetheactualreflectanceoflandsurfacesmaskedbycloudsandpotentialrain,3DsimulationsbytheRAPIDradiativetransfermodelwereproposedandconductedonaforestfarmdominatedbybirchandlarchinGenheCity,DaXing’AnLingMountaininInnerMongolia,China.Thecanopyheightmodel(CHM)fromlidardatawereusedtoextractindividualtreestructures(location,height,crownwidth).Fieldmeasurementsrelatedtreeheighttodiameterofbreastheight(DBH),lowestbranchheightandleafareaindex(LAI).SeriesofLandsatimageswereusedtoclassifytreespeciesandlandcover.MODISLAIproductswereusedtoestimatetheLAIofindividualtrees.CombiningalltheseinputvariablestodriveRAPID,high-resolutionopticalremotesensingimagesweresimulatedandvalidatedwithavailablesatelliteimages.Results:Evaluationsonspatialtexture,spectralvaluesanddirectionalreflectancewereconductedtoshowcomparableresults.Conclusions:Thestudyprovidesaproof-of-conceptapproachtolinklidarandMODISdataintheparameterizationofRAPIDmodelsforhightemporalandspatialresolutionsofimagereconstructioninforestdominatedareas.
简介:合格境外机构投资者(QFII)制度产生于20世纪80年代,其产生的动因是资本市场国际化。二战后,由于各国普遍实行资本管制,发达国家和新兴国家、地区之间的资本市场实际上是分割的。新兴国家、地区为了加快自身发展,一方面急需引进大量外国资本,另一方面又担心外资的进入会引起本国市场的动荡,从而推出了QFII制度,借此对外资的进入进行必要的引导和限制,以达到抑制境外投机性游资冲击本国经济、促进资本市场发展的目的。加入WTO后,我国资本市场的对外开放进程正在逐步加快。为了保证这一进程的顺利推进,我国借鉴国际经验,引进了QFOII制度。该文概括了QFII制度对我国资本市场发展所具有的意义,分析了目前资本市场存在的制约QFII制度有效实施的因素,并给出了相关的发展建议。
简介:Aspontaneousmutation,tentativelynamedd63,wasderivedfromthetwin-seedlingprogeniesofricecrossedbydiploidSARIIIandMinghui63.Comparedwithwild-typeplants,thed63mutantshowedmultipleabnormalphenotypes,suchasdwarfism,moretillers,smallerflagleafandreducedseed-settingrateand1000-grainweight.Inthisstudy,twoF2populationsweredevelopedbycrossingbetweend63andNipponbare,d63and93-11.Geneticanalysisindicatedthatd63wascontrolledbyasinglerecessivegene,whichwaslocatedontheshortarmofchromosome8,withinthegeneticdistanceof0.40cMfromRM22195.Hence,D63mightbeanewgeneastherearenodwarfgenesreportedontheshortarmofchromosome8.