简介：RNA干扰（RNAinterference。RNAi）是双链RNA（double—strandedRNA，dsRNA）降解特异性靶基因转录出的mRNA。从而抑制靶蛋白表达的现象。自从二十世纪九十年代发现RNAi这一现象以来，RNAi已被广泛应用于研究基因功能、信号转导通路和基因治疗等方面。随着分子生物学、分子遗传学等学科的发展．发现了许多与肿瘤发生、发展和预后密切相关的基因。经过大量临床前期试验表明，针对特异性靶基因的小干扰RNA（short／smallinterferingRNA．siRNA）治疗胶质瘤是行之有效的。为基因治疗胶质瘤提供了新的思路。

简介：卒中研究在预后、诊断和治疗中仍然存在许多不足,其生物标志物仍需进一步明确。近几年,长链非编码核糖核酸（longnoncodingRNA,lncRNA）逐渐被人们所重视,尤其在肿瘤研究方面取得了很大的进展。在卒中研究中,人们发现了lncRNA的表达水平与正常情况存在很大的差异性。越来越多的研究发现,卒中诱导脑内大量lncRNA表达改变,提示lncRNA可能参与卒中复杂的病理过程,其可能会为卒中的预防及治疗带来新的方向。

简介：ActivinA,amemberofthetransforminggrowthfactor-betasuperfamily,playsaneuroprotectiveroleinmultipleneurologicaldiseases.Endoplasmicreticulum(ER)stress-mediatedapoptoticandautophagiccelldeathisimplicatedinawiderangeofdiseases,includingcerebralischemiaandneurodegenerativediseases.ThapsigarginwasusedtoinducePC12celldeath,andActivinAwasusedforintervention.OurresultsshowedthatActivinAsignificantlyinhibitedmorphologicalchangesinthapsigargin-inducedapoptoticcells,andtheexpressionofapoptosis-associatedproteins[cleaved-caspase-12,C/EBPhomologousprotein(CHOP)andcleaved-caspase-3]andbiomarkersofautophagy(Beclin-1andlightchain3),anddownregulatedtheexpressionofthapsigargin-inducedERstress-associatedproteins[inositolrequiringenzyme-1(IRE1),tumornecrosisfactorreceptor-associatedfactor2(TRAF2),apoptosissignal-regulatingkinase1(ASK1),c-JunN-terminalkinase(JNK)andp38].Theinhibitionofthapsigargin-inducedcelldeathwasconcentration-dependent.ThesefindingssuggestthatadministrationofActivinAprotectsPC12cellsagainstERstress-mediatedapoptoticandautophagiccelldeathbyinhibitingtheactivationoftheIRE1-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK/p38cascade.

简介：BACKGROUND:Animalexperimentshaveconfirmedthatbonemarrowstromalcell(BMSC)transplantationcanserveasatreatmentforepilepsy.OBJECTIVE:BMSCsderivedfromgreenfluorescentprotein(GFP)miceweretransplantedintothehippocampalCA1regionofepilepticrats.Theaimofthestudywastorecordelectroencephalogram(EEG),analyzesurvivalandmigrationofBMSCs,andvalidatetheeffectofBMSCtransplantationforthetreatmentofepilepsy.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:ArandomizedblockdesignexperimentwasperformedattheInstituteofNeuroscience,KunmingMedicalCollegefromMarch2005toFebruary2006.MATERIALS:HomozygousC57BL/6CrSlcTgN(acr-EGFP)OsbC14-Y01-FM131mice,8-12weeksofage,wereselectedforpreparationofcellsuspension.SpragueDawleyratswereselectedforestablishingepilepsymodels.METHODS:Ratswererandomlydividedinto4groups:control(n=8),model(n=8),normalsaline(n=24),andBMSC(n=24).Inthemodel,normalsaline,andBMSCgroups,epilepsywasestablishedwithpenicillin(3×107U/kgi.p.×7days).RatsintheBMSCgroupreceivedaBMSCsuspensionderivedfromgreenfluorescentproteinmiceintotherighthippocampalCA1region.RatsinthevehiclecontrolgroupwereinjectedwiththesamevolumeofnormalsalineintothehippocampalCA1region.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Theelectroencephalogramwasusedtomonitorbrainactivity.SurvivalandmigrationofthetransplantedBMSCswasobservedusingfluorescencemicroscopyat1,2,and4weeksaftertransplantation.RESULTS:InBMSCgroup,fluorescentcellswereobservedatthetransplantationsiteandintheadjacenttissue,aswellasinthetissuesurroundingtheneedletract,indicatingthemigrationofimplantedcells.Fluorescentcellswerenotdetectedinthevehiclecontrolgroup.Theelectroencephalogramofthecontrolanimalsexhibited7-9Hzαwaves,withawaveamplitude<50μV.Inthemodelandvehiclecontrolgroups,randomspike-and-wavedischargesofthesharpspike-sharplowwavetyp

简介：BACKGROUND:ThedetectionofdifferentialgeneexpressioninbrainispossiblebycDNAmicroarraytechnology,andthescreeningofdifferentiallyexpressedgenesmightprovideabiologicalbasisforgene-targetedtherapyfortumors.OBJECTIVE:TodetectthedifferentialexpressionofgenesamongastrocytomaSHG-44(WHOgradeIV),CHG-5(WHOgradeII),andATRA-treatedSHG-44celllinesbycDNAmicroarray.DESIGN:Laboratoryexperimentsinvitro.SETTING:DepartmentofNeurobiology,theThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity.MATERIALS:TheexperimentwasperformedattheDepartmentofNeurobiologyintheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversityoftheChinesePLAfromJanuarytoOctober2007.TheSHG-44cellline(WHOgradeⅣ)wasestablishedbyProf.ZiweiDu,andtheCHG-5cellline(WHOgradeII)wassetupbyProf.XiuwuBianfromtheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversityoftheChinesePLA.ThecDNAmicroarraycontaining9182knowngeneswaspreparedandprovidedbyDr.YangZhongattheCityUniversityofHongKong.METHODS:ToscreendifferentiallyexpressedgenesfromthegeneexpressionprofilesdetectedbycDNAmicroarraycomparisonsweremadebetweenCHG-5andSHG-44cellsandbetweenSHG-44cellswithorwithouttreatmentwith10μmol/LATRA.SomedifferentiallyexpressedgeneswereselectedrandomlyforNorthernBlotanalysistoconfirmtheresultsofthemicroarray.Thedeterminationcriteriafordifferentialgeneexpressionwereasfollows.①TheratioofCy5signaltoCy3wasgreaterthan2.0orlessthan0.5.②Theresultsofthetriplicatemicroarrayhybridizationsshowedthesametrendinthreeexperiments.③Ageneappearedatleasttwotimesonthetriplicatemicroarrayhybridizations,andthe3rdvaluedidnotshowacontradictorytrend.AnormalizedratioofCy5intensitytoCy3greaterthan2.0orlessthan0.5wasconsideredtorepresentup-regulatedordown-regulatedgeneexpression,respectively.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Theidentificationofgenesthatweresimilarlyregulated(overlapping)dur

简介：Recentadvancesinstemcelltechnologieshaveopenednewavenuesforthetreatmentofanumberofdiseasesstilllackingeffectivetherapeuticoptions.Celltransplantationhasemergedasamongthemostpromisingclinicalinterventionfordisorderssuchasinjuries,diabetes,liver

简介：Traumaticinjuriestospinalcordelicitdiversesignalingpathwaysleadingtounselectiveandcomplexpathologicaloutcomes:deathofmultipleclassesofneuralcells,formationofcysticcavitiesandglialscars,disruptionofaxonalconnections,anddemyelinationofsparedaxons,allofwhichcancontributemoreorlesstodebilitatingfunctionalimpairmentsfoundinpatientswithspinal

简介：Mitochondriaplayanimportantroleinneuronalapoptosiscausedbycerebralischemia,andtheroleismediatedbytheexpressionofmitochondrialproteins.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheinvolvementofmitochondrialproteinsinhippocampalcellapoptosisaftertransientcerebralischemia-reperfusioninjuryinagedratsusingacomparativeproteomicsstrategy.Ourexperimentalresultsshowthattheagedratbrainissensitivetoischemia-reperfusioninjuryandthattransientischemialedtocellapoptosisinthehippocampusandchangesinmemoryandcognitionofagedrats.Differentialproteomicsanalysissuggestedthatthisphenomenonmaybemediatedbymitochondrialproteinsassociatedwithenergymetabolismandapoptosisinagedrats.Thisstudyprovidespotentialdrugtargetsforthetreatmentoftransientcerebralischemia-reperfusioninjury.

简介：Psychologicaldepressionisdrawingaccumulatingattentionnowadays,duetotheskyrocketingincidenceworldwideandtheenormousburdensitincurs.Physicalexercisehasbeenlongrecognizedforitstherapeuticeffectsondepressivedisorders,althoughknowledgeoftheunderlyingmechanismsremainslimited.Suppressedhippocampalneurogenesisinadultbrainshasbeenregarded,atleastpartly,contributivetodepression,whereasphysicalexercisethatrestoresneurogenesisaccordinglyexertstheanti-depressiveaction.Severalrecentpublicationshavesuggestedthepotentialroleofadiponectin,aproteinhormonesecretedbyperipheralmatureadipocytes,inmediatingphysicalexercise-triggeredenhancementofhippocampalneurogenesisandalleviationofdepression.Here,webrieflyreviewthesenovelfindingsanddiscussthepossibilityofcounteractingdepressionbymodulatingadiponectinsignalinginthehippocampuswithinterventionsincludingphysicalexerciseandadministrationofpharmacologicalagents.更多还原

简介：目的研究RNA干扰下调核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）对U251细胞自噬的影响.方法建立RNA干扰下调Nrf2表达的U251细胞系并在瞬时转染48h后,电镜观察细胞自噬相关结构的形态,Westernblot法、吖啶橙染色流式细胞术定量分析自噬水平的改变.结果与对照组相比,Si-Nrf2组Nrf2的蛋白水平明显下降（P＜0.001）,自噬泡结构增多,微管相关蛋白1轻链蛋白3BII型（LC3B-Ⅱ）的蛋白水平明显升高（P＜0.001）,酸性囊泡数量明显增多（P＜0.05）.结论RNA干扰下调Nrf2可以显著增强U251细胞的自噬水平.

简介：BACKGROUND:Culturesfrommultipleportionsofumbilicalcordbloodmesenchymalstemcellshavebeenshowntoundergomorerapidproliferationandattachmentthansingleportions.OBJECTIVE:Toobservegrowthofbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor(bFGF)-inducedculturesofhumanamnion-derivedmesenchymalstemcells(AMSCs)anddifferentiationintoneuronal-likecells.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Comparativeobservation.ThestudywasperformedattheLaboratoryofMicrobiologyandImmunology,BasicMedicalSchoolofZhengzhouUniversityfromJanuarytoMay2008.METHODS:Amniafromfull-term,uterine-incisiondeliveryweredonatedby12healthywomen.AMSCswereobtainedbycellseparationandculturetechniques,andwerepassagedandinducedbybFGF.Fromthethirdpassage,atotalof1mLAMSCs,atadensityof1.0×10~4/mL,wasseparatelyharvestedfromsixsamples,whichservedasgroupA.Atotalof1mLAMSCs,atadensityof1.0×10~4/mL,washarvestedseparatelyfromtheremainingsixsamples,whichservedasgroupB.Atotalof0.5mLfromthesixsamplesofgroupAand0.5mLfromthesixsamplesofgroupBwerecombinedtoformgroupC.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Differencesincellquantityamongthethreegroupswerecomparedbycellquantificationand3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)analysis.Expressionofaglialcellmarker,neuron-specificenolase,andnestinwasdetectedinthethreegroupsbyimmunocytochemistry.RESULTS:CellquantificationandMTTanalysisoflivecells,aswellasAMSCabsorbance,weresignificantlygreateringroupCcomparedwithgroupsAandBat18daysofculture(P<0.05),andnosignificantdifferencewasobservedbetweengroupsAandB.Glialfibrillaryacidicprotein,neuron-specificenolase,andnestinwereexpressedinallgroupsfollowingbFGFinduction.CONCLUSION:MixedAMSCculturespromotedproliferation,andbFGF-inducedAMSCsdifferentiatedintoneuronal-likecells.

简介：Micro-RNA（miRNA）是一类长约22个核苷酸的小分子非编码RNA，以往研究表明miRNA在高等生物正常发育中起着举足轻重的作用。目前，对各种生物体内不同种类miRNA进行深入研究发现miRNA的功能并不局限于发育调节，miRNAs与细胞增殖、分化、细胞凋亡、肿瘤发生等各方面有密切关系。

简介：RNA干扰技术（RNAi）的发展对治疗脑部疾病展现出可观前景,而血-脑屏障在发挥保护中枢神经系统功能的同时,也阻碍各种药物运送到脑内。脑靶向运释系统研究开发实现了转运治疗性药物跨过血-脑屏障进入脑内。本文将对脑靶向运释系统的研究进展及脑靶向RNAi治疗脑部疾病的应用进行阐述,并结合靶向转运作用机制进行相关探讨,为脑靶向运释系统的设计研究和脑部疾病的治疗提供新思路。

简介：Intraperitonealinjectionofrecombinanthumaninterleukin-2(rhIL-2)inhibitsneuronalapoptosisinthechronicocularhypertensionretinalganglioncelllayer.IntravitreousinjectionwasperformedonretinalganglioncellsinaWistarratmodelofchronicallyelevatedintraocularpressuretoobservetheeffectsofLY294002andAG490onretinalganglioncellsurvival,macrophageactivation,andPI3K/AktandJAK/STATactivation.ThenumberofretinalganglioncellsintherhIL-2treatmentgroupwasmuchgreaterthaninthenormalcontrolandphosphate-bufferedsalinegroups.WesternblotanalysisrevealedlowAktandSTAT3proteinexpressionintheretinaafter3-hourintravitreousinjectionsofrhIL-2.However,proteinexpressionwasincreasedat12hours,butdecreasedagainat24hours,withverylowexpressionat96hours.LY294002andAG490,whichareinhibitorsofthePI3K/AktandJAK/STAT3signalpathways,preventedupregulationofAktandSTAT3proteinexpressionintheretina,respectively.IntravitreousinjectionofrhIL-2exhibitedneuroprotectiveeffectsbydecreasingretinalganglioncelllayerdamageinaratmodelofchronicglaucoma.TheseresultssuggestthatintravitrealinjectionofrhIL-2couldinducethePI3K/AktandJAK/STAT3signalingpathwaystoprotectretinalganglioncellsinchronicallyelevatedintraocularpressuremodels.

简介：目的利用RNA干扰（RNAinterference,RNAi）技术特定沉默胶质瘤U251细胞株的血小板源生长因子-B（PDGF-B）基因,观察其对U251细胞株细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。方法利用脂质体将针对PDGF-B基因的siRNA转染进入U251细胞,利用实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应（RTPCR）检测PDGF-B基因表达;Westernblot检测显示siRNA转染组PDGF-B蛋白表达,采用MTT法检测胶质瘤U251细胞的增殖,应用流式细胞计数观察抑制PDGF-B基因后胶质瘤U251细胞的凋亡情况。结果RT-PCR检测PDGF-B基因表达明显下降;Westernblot检测显示siRNA转染组PDGF-B蛋白表达明显抑制（抑制率〉60%）,MTT结果显示siRNA转染组U251细胞增殖较对照组明显降低;流式细胞学检测提示降低PDGF-B在胶质瘤细胞的表达能抑制胶质瘤细胞的有丝分裂,促进细胞的凋亡。结论构建针对胶质瘤细胞PDGF-B的RNA干扰质粒并转染人胶质瘤U251细胞株后,可明显抑制U251细胞株PDGF的表达,对人胶质瘤U251细胞株有明显的生长抑制和促进凋亡作用。

简介：目的构建表达靶向抑制survivin基因的三个短发夹结构（shRNA）的RNA干扰载体，使其在胶质瘤细胞发挥干扰效应。方法在survivin全长序列中选取设计3条19个核苷酸靶序列，2条反向重复序列，间以9个核苷酸的茎环序列，加上对应酶切位点，形成3条shRNA的DNA模板，分别克隆到3个干扰载体pG1，pG2和pG3上；采用分布酶切连接的方法，分别将U6启动子以及下游的后2个shRNA模板酶切下来，依次连接到pG1对应酶切位点，构建出含有3条shRNA模板且能独立编码shRNA的重组干扰载体pGenesil-survivin，测序鉴定；将干扰质粒导入到胶质瘤细胞U251，分别采用RT-PCR以及WesternBloting从mRNA和蛋白水平检测干扰后效果。结果重组的干扰载体含有3条正确的shRNA模板：RT-PCR以及WesternBlotting检测显示，survivin的mRNA转录水平以及蛋白水平的表达均得到显著抑制。结论编码3条shRNA的干扰载体pGenesil-survivin介导的RNA干扰技术（RNAi）可以显著的靶向抑制survivin基因在人胶质瘤细胞U25l中的表达。

简介：目的MSP58是一种能够通过调节基因的转录和翻译水平来改变细胞恶性表型的癌基因，其蛋白的分子量大小为58kDa。但截止目前，其在肿瘤发生及发展中所起的作用仍不是十分清楚。我们通过构建MSP58基因的干涉表达载体，下调MSP58基因在人脑胶质瘤细胞系U251中的表达以揭示其在胶质瘤增殖、迁移和侵袭中所起的作用。方法将特异性的MSP58干涉表达载体pSilencer3．1-MSP58转染人脑胶质瘤细胞系U251，同时构建相应的阴性对照载体pSilencer3．1-NC以及空载体pSilencer3．1-H1neo。运用半定量RT-PCR及Westernblot的方法检测稳定转染和未转染干涉载体的胶质瘤细胞的MSP58的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。运用MTT法测定胶质瘤细胞的增殖水平。流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化以及单层细胞划痕试验和侵袭小室试验检测胶质瘤细胞的迁移及侵袭能力变化。结果成功建立了三种稳定转染细胞株：分别是具有稳定下调MSP58基因表达的U251-S细胞，阴性对照U251-NC细胞以及含有空载体的u251．H1neo细胞。干涉组细胞的MSP58的表达水平无论在mRNA水平还是在蛋白水平均较阴性对照组及空载体组细胞显著降低。其表达抑制率分别为62．7％和60．3％。干涉组细胞的增殖能力明显降低。同时在细胞周期方面，干涉组细胞与阴性对照组及空载体组细胞相比，发生了显著的G1期阻滞。细胞迁移及侵袭试验结果显示，MSP58干涉组的细胞较其他对照组细胞的迁移及侵袭能力均受到明显抑制。结论通过RNA干涉的方法下调MSP58基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达，不但可以明显的抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞的增殖，并且可以显著的抑制胶质瘤细胞的迁移及侵袭能力。因此，靶向性MSP58基因RNAi介导的胶质瘤基因治疗具有良好的应用前景。

简介：BACKGROUND:Highincidenceofstrokeatinterchangeperiodofautumnandwinterwasdemonstratedbyepidemiologicalsurvey,andthespecificcausesshouldbefurtherinvestigated.OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigatetheinfluenceofartificialcoldexposureontheincidenceofstrokeinrenovascularhypertensiverats(RHR),andanalyzetheassociationwithbloodpressureandcold-inducibleRNAbindingprotein(CIRP)mRNAexpressioninbraintissue.DESIGN:Acompletelyrandomizedgroupingdesign,arandomizedcontrolanimaltrial.SETTINGS:LabofNeurology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofSunYat-senUniversity;DepartmentofChemistry,OpenlaboratoryofChemicalBiology,InstituteofMolecularTechnologyforDrugDiscoveryandSynthesis,UniversityofHongKong.MATERIALS:MaleSDrats(n=460),weighing80-100gwereobtainedfromGuangdongProvinceHealthAnimalUnit.AmodifiedRXZ-300Aintelligentartificialclimatecabinet(NingboJiangnanInstrumentCo.,Ltd.,China).METHODS:TheexperimentwereprocessedintheLabofNeurology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofSunYat-senUniversityandtheOpenLaboratoryofChemicalBiology,InstituteofMolecularTechnologyforDrugDiscoveryandSynthesis,UniversityofHongKongfromOctober2004toNovember2005.Rats(n=400)wereoperatedtoestablish2-kidney2-clipRHRmodelasdescribedpreviously.Thesham-operatedrats(n=60)servedasnormotensivecontrols.Eightweekslater,300ofRHRwererandomlyselectedaccordingtotheirsystolicbloodpressure(SBP)anddividedinto3sub-groups(n=100pergroup):mildhypertensivegroup(SBPof160-200mmHg),moderatehypertensivegroup(SBPof200-220mmHg)andseverehypertensivegroup(SBP>220mmHg).Eachgroupwasfurtherdividedintotwogroups(n=50)underACEandnon-ACE.Normalsham-operatedSDrats(n=60),SBP<140mmHg,wererandomlydividedintotwogroups:Sham-operatedcontrolgroup(n=30)underACEandnon-ACE.ToestablishtheACEandnon-ACEtreatment,ratswerehousedindividuallyinartifici

简介：目的探讨应用RNA干涉（RNAi）技术抑制U251恶性胶质瘤细胞丝/苏氨酸蛋向激酶1（AKT1）和3-羧基磷脂酰肌醇激酶的85000催化亚基（P13KP85）表达后对U251胶质瘤细胞侵袭的抑制作用.方法实验设正常对照组（未做任何处理）;阴性对照组（rAd-HK组）：用无义序列重组腺病毒感染U251胶质瘤细胞;基凶治疗组（rAd-A＋P组）：用靶向AKT1和P13KP85的重组腺病毒感染U251胶质瘤细胞.应用实时PCR检测AKT1和P13KP85mRNA水平的变化;应用Westernblot方法检测AKT1和P13KP85蛋白水平的变化,并对肿瘤细胞中相关功能蛋白的表达进行分析;应用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）检测细胞外基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP2）和基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP9）浓度的变化;应用划痕和Transwell实验评价肿瘤细胞侵袭能力的变化.结果tAd-A＋P可显著抑制U251胶质瘤细胞AKT1和P13KP85的表达.与正常对照组和rAd-HK组比较.rAd-A＋P组MMP2、MMP9表达下降,而基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子（TMP2）表达上调,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.划痕和Transwell实验显示rAd-A＋P组细胞体外侵袭能力明显减弱.结论靶向AKT1和P13KP85的RNAi技术可以显著抑制U251胶质瘤细胞AKT1和PDKP85表达,对U251胶质瘤细胞的侵袭能力产生明显抑制作用.

简介：Thisstudyadaptedastatisticalprobabilisticanatomicalmapofthebrainforsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomographyimagesofdepressiveend-stagerenaldiseasepatients.Thisresearchaimedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweensymptomclusters,diseaseseverity,andcerebralbloodflow.Twenty-sevenpatients(16males,11females)withstages4and5end-stagerenaldiseasewereenrolled,alongwith25healthycontrols.Allpatientsunderwentdepressivemoodassessmentandbrainsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomography.Thestatisticalprobabilisticanatomicalmapimageswereusedtocalculatethebrainsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomographycounts.AsymmetricindexwasacquiredandPearsoncorrelationanalysiswasperformedtoanalyzethecorrelationbetweensymptomfactors,severity,andregionalcerebralbloodflow.ThedepressionfactorsoftheHamiltonDepressionRatingScaleshowedanegativecorrelationwithcerebralbloodflowintheleftamygdale.Theinsomniafactorshowednegativecorrelationswithcerebralbloodflowintheleftamygdala,rightsuperiorfrontalgyrus,rightmiddlefrontalgyrus,andleftmiddlefrontalgyrus.Theanxietyfactorshowedapositivecorrelationwithcerebralglucosemetabolisminthecerebellarvermisandanegativecorrelationwithcerebralglucosemetabolismintheleftglobuspallidus,rightinferiorfrontalgyrus,bothtemporalpoles,andleftparahippocampus.Theoveralldepressionseverity(totalscoresofHamiltonDepressionRatingScale)wasnegativelycorrelatedwiththestatisticalprobabilisticanatomicalmapresultsintheleftamygdalaandrightinferiorfrontalgyrus.Inconclusion,ourresultsdemonstratedthatthediseaseseverityandextentofcerebralbloodflowquantifiedbyaprobabilisticbrainatlaswasrelatedtovariousbrainareasintermsoftheoverallseverityandsymptomfactorsinend-stagerenaldiseasepatients.