简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：Thebiologicalimmunesystemisacomplexadaptivesystem.Therearelotsofbenefitsforbuildingthemodeloftheimmunesystem.Forbiologicalresearchers,theycantestsomehypothesesabouttheinfectionprocessorsimulatetheresponsesofsomedrugs.Forcomputerresearchers,theycanbuilddistributed,robustandfaulttolerantnetworksinspiredbythefunctionsoftheimmunesystem.Thispaperprovidesacomprehensivesurveyoftheliteraturesonmodellingtheimmunesystem.Fromthemethodologyperspective,thepapercomparesandanalyzestheexistingapproachesandmodels,andalsodemonstratesthefocusingresearcheffortonthefutureimmunemodelsinthenextfewyears.

简介：ThispaperexaminesrecentdevelopmentsandapplicationsofHiddenMarkovModels(HMMs)tovariousproblemsincomputationalbiology,includingmultiplesequencealignment,homologydetection,proteinsequencesclassification,andgenomicannotation.

简介：IonicPolymer-MetalComposite(IPMC)canworkasanactuatorbyapplyingafewvoltages.AthickIPMCactuator,whereNafion-117membranewassynthesizedwithpolypyrrole/aluminacompositefiller,wasanalyzedtoverifytheequivalentbeamandequivalentbimorphbeammodels.TheblockingforceandtipdisplacementoftheIPMCactuatorweremeasuredwithaDCpowersupplyandYoung’smodulusoftheIPMCstripwasmeasuredbybendingandtensiletestsrespectively.ThecalculatedmaximumtipdisplacementandtheYoung’smodulusbytheequivalentbeammodelwerealmostidenticaltothecorrespondingmeasureddata.Finiteelementanalysiswiththermalanalogytechniquewasutilizedintheequivalentbimorphbeammodeltonumericallyreproducetheforce-displacementrelationshipoftheIPMCactuator.Theresultsbytheequivalentbimorphbeammodelagreedwellwiththeforce-displacementrelationshipacquiredbythemeasureddata.Itisconfirmedthattheequivalentbeamandequivalentbimorphbeammodelsarepracticallyandeffectivelysuitableforpredictingthetipdisplacement,blockingforceandYoung’smodulusofIPMCactuatorswithdifferentthicknessanddifferentcompositeofionicpolymermembrane.

简介：2018年7月26日,AnimalModelsandExperimentalMedicine——AMEM正式被国际著名开放存取期刊目录数据库DOAJ（DirectoryofOpenAccessJournals）收录,这意味着AMEM的期刊质量以及开放获取的出版政策得到了认可。AMEM被DOAJ数据库收录,标志着AMEM向国际化又迈出了重要的一步.

简介：隐藏的Markov建模的侧面(HMMs)广泛地基于古典HMMs被申请了蛋白质顺序鉴定。在侧面HMMs的前面、向后的变量的明确的表达在概率理论的统计独立假设下面被做。我们建议模糊侧面唔定序克服那个假设的限制并且为蛋白质完成改进排列属于一个给定的家庭。建议模型fuzzifies由合并Sugeno的前面、向后的变量模糊措施和Choquet积分，进一步因此延长概括唔。把前面、向后的变量基于fuzzified，我们为侧面建议一个模糊Baum-Welch参数评价算法。强壮的关联和涉及结构使这模糊体系结构基于的蛋白质的顺序偏爱作为造一个给定的家庭的侧面的一个合适的候选人当模特儿，自从模糊集合能比古典方法更好处理无常。

简介：Inanattempttorealizeaflappingwingmicro-airvehiclewithmorphingwings,wereportonimprovementstoourpreviousfoldableartificialhindwing.Multiplehinges,whichwereimplementedtomimicthebendingzoneofabeetlehindwing,weremadeofsmallcompositehingeplatesandtinyaluminumrivets.Thebuck-tailsofrivetswereflaredafterthehingeplateswereassembledwiththerivetssothatthefolding/unfoldingmotionscouldbecompletedinlesstime,andthestraightshapeoftheartificialhindwingcouldbemaintainedafterfabrication.Foldingandunfoldingactionsweretriggeredbyelectrically-activatedShapeMemoryAlloy(SMA)wires.Forwingfolding,theactuationcharacteristicsoftheSMAwireactuatorweremodifiedthroughheattreatment.Throughaseriesofflappingtests,weconfirmedthattheartificialwingsdidnotfoldbackandarbitrarilyfluctuateduringtheflappingmotion.

简介：

简介：Inthe'modifiedquasi-steady'approach,two-dimensional(2D)aerodynamicmodelsofflappingwingmotionsareana-lyzedwithfocusondifferenttypesofwingrotationanddifferentpositionsofrotationaxistoexplaintheforcepeakattheendofeachhalfstroke.Inthismodel,anadditionalvelocityofthemidchordpositionduetorotationissuperimposedonthetransla-tionalrelativevelocityofairwithrespecttothewing.Thismodificationproducesaugmentedforcesaroundtheendofeachstroke.Foreachcaseoftheflappingwingmotionswithvariouscombinationofcontrolledtranslationalandrotationalvelocitiesofthewingalonginclinedstrokeplaneswiththinfigure-of-eighttrajectory,discussionsfocusonlift-dragevolutionduringonestrokecycleandefficiencyoftypesofwingrotation.This'modifiedquasi-steady'approachprovidesasystematicanalysisofvariousparametersandtheireffectsonefficiencyofflappingwingmechanism.Flappingmechanismwithdelayedrotationaroundquarter-chordaxisisanefficientoneandcanbemadesimplebyapassiverotationmechanismsothatitcanbeusefulforroboticapplication.