简介：Itisoftenstatedthatevencleantokamakdischargesdisruptathighdensity.Onepossibilityisthatsuchdisruptionresultfromtheenergylossarisingfromhydrogenrecyclingattheedgeoftheplasma.thisenergylosscouldleadtoacontractionofthecurrentchannelandtheproductionofadisruptivelyunstableconfiguration.

简介：TheevolutionofG?rtlervorticesanditsinteractionwithotherinstabilitiesareinvestigatedinthispaper.BoththeMackmodeandtheG?rtlermodeexistinhypersonicboundary-layerflowsoverconcavesurfaces,andtheirinteractionsarecruciallyimportantinboundarylayertransition.WecarryoutadirectnumericalsimulationtoexploretheinteractionbetweentheG?rtlerandtheobliqueMackmode.TheresultsindicatethattheinteractionbetweentheforcedG?rtlermodeandtheobliqueMackmodepromotestheonsetofthetransition.TheforcedobliqueMackmodeissusceptibletononlinearinteraction.BecauseofthedevelopmentoftheG?rtlermode,theforcedMackmodeandotherharmonicmodesareexcited.

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简介：Thedynamicsofentanglementbetweentwoqubitsinthelocaldampingtwo-sidedchannelandsinglesidedchannelarecomparedthroughnon-MarkovianprocessandMarkovianprocess.Theentanglementbetweentwoqubitsisfoundtobelongerinthesingle-sidedchannelcaseduetotheweakeningofthedissipativeeffects.Inthetwo-sidedchannel,influencedbytheentanglementbetweenqubits,thepreviousindependentdissipativechannelsinclinetothecompositeeffectoftheMarkovianprocess.Thiscompositeeffectresultsinthedissipativeeffectofonechannelaffectingthequbitsintheotherchannel,especiallyinhibitingthebackfloweffectinthenon-Markovianchannel,whichisdisadvantageoustotheentanglementmaintenancebetweenqubits.IntheMarkovianchannel,thecompositeeffectofthedampingtwo-sidedchannelsismoreobvioussincethereisnobackfloweffect,thusmoredisadvantageoustotheentanglementmaintenance.

简介：TheZrcoatingwasdepositedontitaniumsurfaceusingthemagnetronsputteringtechnique.EffectsofZrcoatingonmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofporcelainfiredtotitaniumhavebeeninvestigated.Theresultsshowthatinterdiffusionofelementsoccursduringporcelainfiring,andtheZrcoatingcaneffectivelyprotecttitaniumsurfacefromexcessoxidation.ThestrengthofbondzonewithZrcoatingdepositedfor1hourreaches29.7MPa,whichhasincreasedby26.4%ascomparedwiththatofbondzonewithoutcoating(23.5MPa).

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简介：目的：探讨穴区细胞外基质在针刺信号转导中的作用机制。方法：SD大鼠40只，雌雄各半，随机分为4组，每组10只，以大鼠热辐射甩尾实验的温度变化为观察指标。实验组大鼠“后三里”区注射人工合成的五肽甘氨酰-精氨酰-甘氨酰-天冬酰-酪氨酸（Gly—Arg-Gly-Asp-Tyr,GRGDY）30min后再针刺，以大鼠基础痛阈组、“后三里”区注射0．9％NaCl组及针刺后三里组为对照。结果：GRGDY注射后30min再针刺，大鼠甩尾的温度与针刺组相比未见明显改变。结论：GRGDY未能阻断针刺效应，针刺效应的初始机制可能与细胞外基质与整合素特异性的结合位点RGD无关。

简介：Theinceptionoftipvortexcavitationisverysensitivetowaterquality.Inordertoquantifytheeffectofwaterqualityontheinceptionoftipvortexcavitation,wedevelopamotionmodeltodescribethemigrationandgrowthofnucleiinwater.Ananalyticalsolutionofmigrationofnucleiinavortexflowisobtainedsothatthecapturetimesofvariousnucleicanbegivenoutdirectly.Acriterionisbuilttodeterminethecriticalnucleusinacertainnucleispectradistribution.Tensilestrengthofthecriticalnucleusisusedtoquantifytheeffectofwaterqualityandcorrectthetipvortexcavitationinceptionnumber.Finallythischangeofcavitationinceptionnumberiscomparedwithexperimentalresultstovalidateourmodel.

简介：Inrecentyearsperovskitesolarcellshaveattractedanincreasingscientificandtechnologicalinterestinthescientificcommunity.Itisimportanttoknowthatthetemperatureisoneofthefactorswhichhaveastrongeffectontheefficiencyofperovskitesolarcell.ThisstudycommunicatesatemperatureanalysisonthephotovoltaicparametersofCH_3NH_3PbI_3-basedperovskitesolarcellinabroadintervalfrom80to360K.Strongtemperature-dependentphotovoltaiceffectshavebeenobservedinthetypeofsolarcell,whichcouldbemainlyattributedtoCH_3NH_3PbI_3,showingaferroelectric-paraelectricphasetransitionatlowtemperature(T<160K).Anincreaseintemperatureovertheroomtemperaturedecreasedtheperovskitesolarcellperformanceandreduceditsefficiencyfrom16%to9%.Theinvestigationwithelectronicimpedancespectroscopyrevealsthatatlowtemperature(T<120K)thechargetransportlayerlimitsthedeviceperformance,whileathightemperature(T>200K),theinterfacialchargerecombinationbecomesthedominantfactor.

简介：Rocksareheterogeneousfromthepointofmicrostructurewhichisofsignificancetotheirdynamicfailurebehavior.Boththecompressiveandtensilestrengthofrock-likematerialsisregardeddifferentfromthestaticstrength.Thepresentstudyadoptssmoothedparticlehydrodynamics(SPH)whichisavirtualparticlebasedmeshfreemethodtoinvestigatestrainrateeffectforheterogeneousbrittlematerials.TheSPHmethodiscapableofsimulatingrockfracture,freeofthemeshconstraintofthetraditionalFEMandFDMmodels.ApressuredependentJ-Hconstitutivemodelinvolvingheterogeneityisemployedinthenumericalmodeling.Theresultsshowthecompressivestrengthincreaseswiththeincreaseofstrainrateaswellasthetensilestrength,whichisimportanttotheengineeringdesign.

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简介：Irradiationfromdiversesourcesisubiquitousandcloselyassociatedwithhumanactivities.Radiationtherapy(RT),animportantcomponentofmultipleradiationorigins,isacommontherapeuticmodalityforcancer.Moreimportantly,RTprovidessignificantcontributiontooncotherapybykillingtumorcells.However,duringthecourseoftherapy,irradiationofnormaltissuescanresultinawiderangeofsideeffects,includingself-limitedacutetoxicities,mildchronicsymptoms,orsevereorgandysfunction.Althoughnumerouspromisingradioprotectiveagentshaveemerged,onlyafewhavesuccessfullyenteredthemarketbecauseofvariouslimitations.Atpresent,thewidelyacceptedhypothesisforprotectionagainstradiation-causedinjuryinvolvestheWntcanonicalpathway.ActivatingtheWnt/β-cateninsignalingpathwaymayprotectthesalivarygland,oralmucosa,andgastrointestinalepitheliumfromradiationdamage.Theunderlyingmechanismsincludeinhibitingapoptosisandpreservingnormaltissuefunctions.However,aberrantWntsignalingunderliesawiderangeofpathologiesinhumans,anditsvariouscomponentscontributetocancer.Moreover,studieshavesuggestedthatWnt/β-cateninsignalingmayleadtoradioresistanceofcancerstemcell.ThesefactsmarkedlycomplicateanydefinitionoftheexactfunctionoftheWntpathway.

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简介：瞄准：决定是否输精管切除术离开epididymal尾巴(经由腹股沟的运河)能在精子发生上在兔子减少早手术后的效果。方法：29只正常雄的日本白兔子(46个月)受到单方结束结束(常规)或无限制(juxta-epididymal管的切割结束推迟ens没绑扎)经由腹股沟的运河的输精管切除术。在操作，睾丸，epididymides和管以后的十天和3个月一个defer统一体被移开并且methacrylate准备的嵌入树脂的节。睾丸，epididymis和管的组织学推迟ens在轻显微镜下面被检验，并且生精的小管的体积和直径是用立体声学习的份量上逻辑方法。结果：任何一个输精管切除术的方法都没与相反地侧面的假冒操作方面，而是juxta-epididymal管比较在vasectomized方面上导致明显的损坏到精子发生推迟vasectomized方面上的ens高度被扩张并且包含了众多的精子在操作以后的3个月。结论：离开尾epididymis的输精管切除术没在兔子在精子发生上有重要早手术后的效果。

简介：AbstractBackgrounds:Cervical posterior decompression surgery is used to relieve ventral compression indirectly by incorporating a backward shift of the spinal cord, and this indirect decompression is bound to be limited. This study aimed to determine the decompression limit of posterior surgery and the effect of the decompression range.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the data of 129 patients who underwent cervical open-door laminoplasty through 2008 to 2012 and were grouped as follows: C4-C7 (n = 11), C3-C6 (n = 61), C3-C7 (n = 32), and C2-C7 (n = 25). According to the relative location of spinal levels within a decompression range, the type of decompression at a given level was categorized as external decompression (ED; achieved at the levels located immediately external to the decompression range margin), internal decompression (ID; achieved at the levels located immediately internal to the decompression range margin), and central decompression (CD; achieved at the levels located in the center, far from the decompression range margin). The vertebral-cord distance (VCD) was used to evaluate the decompression limit. The C2-C7 angle and VCD on post-operative magnetic resonance images were analyzed and compared between groups. The relationship between VCD and decompression type was analyzed. Moreover, the relationship between the magnitude of the ventral compressive factor and the probability of post-operative residual compression at each level for different decompression ranges was studied.Results:There was no significant kyphosis in cervical curvature (>-5°), and there was no significant difference among the groups (F = 2.091, P = 0.105). The VCD of a specific level depended on the decompression type of the level and followed this pattern: ED < ID < CD (P < 0.05). The decompression type of a level was sometimes affected by the decompression range. For a given magnitude of the ventral compressive factor, the probability of residual compression was lower for the group with the larger VCD at this level.Conclusions:Our study suggests that the decompression range affected the decompression limit by changing the decompression type of a particular level. For a given cervical spinal level, the decompression limit significantly varied with decompression type as follows: ED < ID < CD. CD provided maximal decompression limit for a given level. A reasonable range of decompression could be determined based on the relationship between the magnitude of the ventral compressive factor and the decompression limits achieved by different decompression ranges.

简介：Objective:toobserveeffectofendothelin-1(ET-1)onhepaticdamageinducedbyendotoxin.Methods:atotalof90ratswererandomlydividedintocontrolgroup(groupc),endotoxintreatedgroup(groupLPS)andendotoxinplusET-1antibodytreatedgroup(groupLEA).AnobservationwasdoneonthechangesofET-1concentration,andtranscriptionandexpressionofET-1mRNA.Plasmaglutamicpyruvictransaminaseenzyme(GPT),hepaticlactatedehydrogenase(LDH),adenosinetriphosphate(ATP)andmalondialdehyde(MDA)werealsoobservedat3,6,9,12,24hoursaftersaline,endotoxin(10mg·kg^-1)andET-1antibody(dalubine1:2000,2ml·kg^-1)administration.Results:TheresultsindicatedthattheconcentrationofplasmaandhepaticET-1andexpressionofET-1mRNAinliversignificantlyincreasedfollowingendotoxemia.ThehepaticET-1levelswereinverselycorrelatedwiththeATPconcentration,andpositivelyrelatedtotheMDAconcentration.ET-1antibodycouldpartiallyprotecttheliveragainstdamageinducedbyendotoxin.Conclusions:Theseresultssuggestthatendotoxinmay,ontranscriptionandtranslationlevel,leadtoanincreaseofET-1insynthesis.ET-1maycontributetohepaticdamageduringendotoxemia.

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简介：目的:研究针刺对海洛因依赖者脱毒末期病态心理的改善作用.方法:选用针刺疗法、阿片加针刺疗法与阿片加丁丙诺啡及阿片加韩氏戒毒仪四种脱毒方法,应用症状自评量表,研究针刺对海洛因依赖者脱毒末期90项症状清单各因子的影响.结果:针刺能改善患者的病态心理,对强迫症状、焦虑、精神病性和因子十的调节更具优势(P＜0.01).结论:针刺能改善患者病态心理,有希望帮助患者平稳地进入康复期.

简介：ThepolycrystallinesamplesofLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3werepreparedbyaconventionalsolidstatereactionmethod.Themagnetizations(ZFC,FCandinitialmagnetization)ofthepolycrystallineLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3weremeasuredwithsuperconductingquantuminterferencedevicemagnetometer.Thescalingtheorywasemployedtostudythechangesofcriticalbehaviorarisingfromtheappliedexternalfield.Thecriticalparameterβdecreaseswithincreasingtheexternalmagneticfieldresultsinanincreaseinthemagnitudeofferromagneticordering.