简介:Embodiedcarbonintradehasattractedtheattentionofresearchers,developers,andindustryleadersworldwide,asithasbecomeaconsiderablesourceoftradeconflict.BecauseChinaistheworld’sleadingcarbon-emittingcountry,itisimportanttostudythechangetrendsofembodiedCO2inChinesetradetoidentifykeyinfluencingfactors.ThispaperinvestigatesthetradeembodiedCO2inChina,withspecialfocusontheproductionprocessandmaterialsofeachindustrialsectorfrom1990to2013.Thisstudywasconductedbyusinganinput-outputmodel,whichanalyzesthespecificcausesofperiodicwaves.Ourfindingssuggestthatthemachinemanufacturingsectorproducedthelargestshareofemissions,whereasthemetalandnon-metalsectorhasthehighestemissionintensity.Moreover,thetotalemissionquantitiesintradeincreasedfrom612to3331milliontonsin1990to2013,aperiodcharacterizedbydecentralizedtrendsinemissionsexportedtotradepartners.Wealsoemployedthelog-meanDivisiaindex(LMDI)modeltodecomposethecarbonemissionschangesintoexportstructure,exportscale,energystructure,andenergyintensity,andestimatetheinfluenceofthesefactorsatanumberoftimepoints.Wefoundthatenergyintensitycurbsemissionsincrease,andthatexportscaleexpansionisthestrongestdrivingforce.
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简介:MarxandEnglesbelievedthatmanandnaturedevelopharmoniously,whentheactivitiesofmanconstitutethecontentofnature,whichischangedconstantlybecauseoftheactivitiesofman.MarxandEnglesalsopointedouttheduarityoftheconquest,changeandinfluenceexertedonnaturebyman.Ononehand,itcanimprovepeople'srivingconditionsandmakepeoplefreefromtheenslavementofthenature.Ontheotherhand,itmayalsoleadtoexcessivelysnatchingandwreckingnature,thenmakethedeteriorationoftheenvironmentandecologyoutofbalance.Theyalso,fromthetechnicalangleofecology,putforwardtheconcretemeasurestorealizetheharmonioussymbiosisofmanandnatureinthedevelopmentofeconomy.Theyalsobelievedthatonlywhensocialismorcommunismisrealized,cantheconciliationofmankindandnatureberealizedfinally.MarxandEngle'stheoryofharmonioussymbiosisofmanandnatureisofgreattheoreticaldirectivesignificanceforustoinsistonthescientificdevelopmentview.