简介:CharacteristicsofR22anditsnewalternativerefrigerantR290flowingthroughadiabaticcapillarytubesareinvestigatedbasedonthehomogeneousmodel.Extensiveflowvariablesalongtubelengthsuchaspressure,temperature,viscosity,velocity,Reynoldsnumber,frictionfactorandvaporqualityetcarecomparedbetweenthetwofluidsunderthesameoperatingcondition.Twocasesareconsidered,namely,eitherthesametubelengthorthesamemassflowrateasinletcondition.TheresultsshowthatthemassflowrateinthecapillarytubeofR290is40%lowerthanthatofR22duetothedifferencesofphysicalpropertiesbetweenthetwofluids.Further,aparametricanalysisisperformedanditappearsthateffectsofgeometricandthermodynamicparametersonmassflowrateofR290areweakerthanthatofR22.Whenthecondensingtemperatureisincreasedfrom40℃to50℃,themassflowrateforR22isincreasedby16%,whiletheincreasingrateforR290is13%.
简介:AhomogeneoustheoreticalmodelisdevelopedtopredicttheperformanceofR22andR290inadiabaticcapillarytubes.Themodelisbasedonconservationequationsofmass,momentumandenergy.Metastablebothliquidandtwo-phaseflowregionsareconsideredinthemodel.Inmetastabletwo-phaseregion,superheatedliquidisintroducedintothemetastablemixtureviscosityandtwomethodsarepresentedtoevaluateit.Themodelisvalidatedbycomparingthepredictedpressureandtemperatureprofileandmassflowratewithseveralinvestigators′experimentaldataofR22andoneofitsalternativesR290reportedinliterature.Allofthepredictedmassflowratesarewithin±8%ofmeasuredvalues.Comparisonsarealsomadebetweenthepresentmodelandotherinvestigators′modelsorsizingcorrelation.Themodelcanbeusedfordesignorsimulationcalculationofadiabaticcapillarytubes.
简介:当技术溢出存在吸收能力效应时,讨论了共营企业的产量和R&D决策.通过建立通用的基于成本降低的R&D模型,分析了在双寡头市场上共营企业之间关于产品产出和R&D投资水平的战略互动;探讨了产品阶段吸收能力效应对共营企业均衡产出的影响;在R&D阶段分别分析了合作和非合作R&D情况下吸收能力对R&D投资水平的影响;最后比较了共营企业和传统的利润最大化企业在产品产出和R&D战略方面的不同表现.结果表明:当存在吸收能力效应时,与利润最大化企业相同,共营企业的均衡R&D投资水平高于不存在吸收能力效应的水平;然而吸收能力对共营企业中R&D投入和对其自身(或竞争对手)产出的影响却表现出不同的效应,其结果视规模经济收益而定,这与利润最大化企业形成较大的差别.
简介:本文在结合环R中引进了模双边理想B诣(幂)零的概念和模B左(右,双边)零化子的概念。大中给出了一些有关性质以及模B幂零性的一些定理和推论。
简介:TheeffectofMnsubstitutionforpartialFeinRFe11Tionstructureandmagneticpropertiesofcompoundswasresearched.RFe7Mn4Tisamples(R=Y,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er)werepreparedbymeansofvacuumarc-meltingandsubsequentvacuumannealing.ThestructureandmagneticpropertiesofRFe7Mn4TicompoundswereinvestigatedbyX-raypowderdiffractionandmagneticmeasurements.Thefollowingconclusionswereobtained:alltheRFe7Mn4TicompoundscrystallizeintheThMn12-typestructure.Thelatticeconstantsandtheunit-cellvolumechangedwiththeincreaseofatomicnumberforR=Y,Th,Dy,Ho,andEr.ThecompensationcharactersappearfortheDyFe7Mn4TiandHoFe7Mn4Ticompounds,andthecompensationtemperatureswereabout123Kand90K,respectively.TheCurietemperature,thesaturationmagnetization,andsaturationmomentofRFe7Mn4Ticompoundsweregiven.