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简介：AbstractPreterm labor (before 37 weeks’ gestation) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor, infectious preterm labor, and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL). Up to now, there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL, owing to multiple risk factors, pathogenesis, and pathologic processes contributing to the event, which have not been fully clarified. Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue, in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy, including sPTL. Besides, external factors can also participate in sPTL, individually or through the interaction with internal factors. In this article, we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups, and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal (maternal and fetal) aspects, so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of sPTL in the future.

简介：From1990to2000,weusedHanssonpin,AOhollow-pullingscrew,andbendablescrewtotreat150casesoffreshfemoralneckfractureandtheresultwasanalysedtocomparetheefficacyofthethreemethodsofinternalfixation.

简介：客观；为了学习结构的相关解剖特征，在transoral包含了atlanto轴的减小板(TARP)通过为对待无法缩减的atlanto轴的脱臼并且为TARP的临床的申请提供解剖基础的transoral途径的内部固定。方法：十个新鲜craniocervical标本通过手术是微的由通过transoral的层的把的层途径。以后的咽头的墙，脊椎的动脉的功课，地图集和轴的邻近的结构的解剖关系，和为TARP内部固定的密切相关的解剖参数的层化是measured.Results：以后的咽头的墙由二层和二间隙星际组成了：mucosa，prevertebral扁带，制动火箭咽头的空间，和prevertebral空间。从到C_3的孔大酒瓶的前面的边的范围能被这条途径暴露。以后的咽头的墙的厚度是(3.6±0.3)在C1的前面的小块茎的公里(变化2.9-4.3公里)，(6.1±0.4)在C_1的侧面的团的公里(变化5.2-7.1公里)并且(5.5±0.4)在C_2的中央部分的公里(变化4.3-6.5公里)分别地。到前面的小块茎ofC_1，C_1螺丝钉入口点，和C_2螺丝钉入口点的从门牙牙齿的距离是(82。5±7。8)公里(变化71。4-96。2mm)，(90。1±3。8)公里(变化82.2-96。3公里)，并且(89。0±4。1)公里(变化81。3-95.3mm)分别地。在在地图集和中线的脊椎的动脉之间的距离是(25。2±2.3)公里(变化20.4-29。7公里)并且那在在轴和中线的脊椎的动脉之间是(18。4±2.6)公里(变化13.1-23.0公里)。为暴露的地图集和轴的允许的宽度是(39。4±2。2)公里(变化36。242。7公里)并且(39.0±2.1)公里(ranging35.842.3公里)分别地。在二个地图集螺丝钉插入点(C_1侧面的质量的前面的方面的中心)之间的距离(a)是(31.4±3.3)公里(变化25.4-36.6公里)。在连接连接twoC_2螺丝钉入口的二个C_1螺丝钉入口点和那的线之间的垂直距离(b)指(在vertebrae的中央部分，也就是对中线ofC_2vertebr

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of internal electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during labor.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study, which was an analysis of monitoring FHR with a fetal scalp electrode or a Doppler probe (94 pregnant women per group). In the internal monitoring group, when the opening of the uterine orifice was ≥3 cm, the fetal scalp electrode was placed after natural or artificial rupture of the membrane. FHR was simultaneously monitored using a Doppler probe. In the external monitoring group, continuous FHR monitoring was performed using an ultrasound Doppler transducer fixed on the maternal abdomen. The toco transducer was used to record uterine contractions. Pathological examination of the placenta was performed prospectively in 49 and 48 cases in the internal electronic FHR monitoring group and control group, respectively. Maternal-infant outcomes (e.g. fever, puerperal infection, puerperal morbidity, delivery mode, Apgar score, and scalp injury) were recorded. Umbilical artery blood was extracted for blood gas analysis. Differences between the two groups were compared using the paired t-test, χ2 test, Yates corrected χ2 test or Fisher exact test.Results:Non-statistically significant differences between the internal and external monitoring groups were observed in the incidence of neonatal acidosis (1/94 (1.06%) vs. 3/94 (3.19%), respectively; χ2= 0.255, P= 0.613), cesarean section/operative vaginal delivery (8/94 (8.51%) vs. 15/94 (15.96%), respectively; χ2 = 2.427, P= 0.181), fever during labor (18/94 (19.15%) vs. 15/94 (15.96%), respectively; χ2=0.331, P= 0.565), puerperal morbidity (2/94 (2.13%) vs. 3/94 (3.19%), respectively; χ2= 0.000, P= 1.000), chorioamnionitis (9/49 (18.37%) vs. 7/48(14.58%), respectively; χ2= 0.252, P= 0.616), and neonatal asphyxia (0/94 (0.00%) vs. 1/94 (1.06%), respectively; χ2= 0.000, P= 1.000). There were no puerperal infections, neonatal scalp injuries, or scalp abscesses found in either group. Using the internal monitoring value as reference, the incidence of FHR false deceleration in external FHR monitoring was 20.21% (19/94 women).Conclusion:Internal FHR monitoring during labor does not increase the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes. External monitoring was associated with FHR false decelerations.

简介：Thebraincontrolsvirtuallyallbodyfunctions,bothinternallyandininteractionwiththeexternalenvironment.Asthebasicbodyanatomyofallvertebrateshasabilateralsymmetry,structuresandfunctionsofvertebratebrainsarealsoorganizedaccordingtothisfundamentalanatomicalprincipletomeetallsensory,motor,andinternalrequirementsofbodycontrol.Consequently,particularpartsorfunctionsofthebodyarecontrolledbyparticularbrainstructures.Formammalswhosebrainsonlyhaveaverylimitedcapacityto

简介：摘要：在中介或先进的胰腺的头癌上改进辩解的效果。方法：手术与intermediated或先进的胰腺的头癌在26个病人被动。在癌上与一根电子横梁与intraoperative放射疗法相结合的Cholecystojejunostomy或choledochojejunostomy从1996年5月被执行到1998年5月。同时，多功能的可植入的药交货系统的导管为手术后的灌注化疗经由胃与十二指肠的动脉被插入。结果：327月后续调查建议肿瘤在治疗的功课以后在不同的度缩小了。所有病人疼痛被减轻。6月、12月、24月的幸存率是100%，93.9%和20%分别地。5个死了的病人的平均幸存时间是17.8个月。结论：这操作是很完成与中介或先进的胰腺的头癌延长病人的生活。

简介：客观：在代替的光线的头破裂的处理上用可吸收的大头针学习内部固定的效果。方法：从1999年5月到2004年5月，有代替的光线的头破裂的16个病人(梅森类型Ⅱ和Ⅲ)被可吸收的大头针与内部固定对待。后续的持续时间平均22.6个月(12-58月)。结果根据肘运动，X光线照相术的调查结果和功能的等级被估计20由Broberg和Morrey描出。结果：没有光线的头的avascularnecrosis，所有破裂在10个月以内愈合了。吝啬的肘屈曲损失是15°(0°-35°)，和内转和旋后由10°减少了(0°-30°)平均与那些相比相反地侧面的肘。五个病人根据Borberg和Morrey的标准有优秀结果，6一好结果，和3一公平结果。结论：有可吸收的大头针的内部固定是在对待代替的光线的头破裂的一个有效方法。它能维持简历前臂的机械稳定性，改进肘功能并且避免第二操作。

简介：客观：在在肌肉pouch.Methods被移植以后在骨折地点和联合的洞和联合软骨评估含纤维的胼胝的组合变化：三十只2-month-old新西兰白兔子(称的1-1.5kg)随机被划分成二个组：一个胼胝移植组(组A，n=15)并且一个软骨移植组(组B，n=15)。在组A，关上了骨折被做的半径，自体同源的含纤维的胼胝手术后地在12天在右膝关节洞被移植。在组B，动物的右膝关节软骨在麻醉下面在自体同源的背肌肉小袋被移植。然后，所有动物麻药3星期被服药过量在移植以后打死。并且移植含纤维的胼胝，在破裂地点的愈合的骨头和移植联合软骨为对组合变化的评价被获得。结果：Purefibrous作文dayspostoperatively在12点在组A在破裂地点在胼胝被发现。并且为11从15个动物，含纤维的胼胝在3星期移植，而是含纤维的胼胝以后被转变成软骨的纸巾在另外的4个动物是不在的。在原来的地点和破裂地点的含纤维的胼胝被区分进多骨的纸巾。多骨的组织转变在组B在所有动物的肌肉小袋在移植联合软骨被发现。结论：破裂地点或联合的洞可以以不同方法便于胼胝区别：当为软骨的发展和维护的后者，和肌肉小袋被使倾向为软骨导致osteogenic显型时，前者对成骨有用。

简介：Inthepresentpaper,theauthorgivessomecommentsonacupuncturetreatmentofdiseasesfrom1)selectingacupointsbasedonseasonalconditions;2)performingreinforcingorreducingneedlingmanipulationsinaccordancewiththewaxingandwanningofthemoon;3)conductingacupuncturetreatmentinaccordancewiththetimeandthestateofdisease;and4)performingacupuncturetreatmentbasedontheprosperityordeclineofthemeridian-qi,whicharedescribedinmedicalbookTheYellowEmperor'sInternalClassic.

简介：AbstractPurpose:This meta-analysis compared the clinical outcome of three-dimensional (3D) printing combined with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to traditional ORIF in the treatment of acetabular fractures.Methods:We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, VIP database, CNKI, and Wanfang data-base with keywords "acetabular fracture" , "3D printing" , "three-dimensional printing" , "open reduction and internal fixation" , "Acetabulum" , "Acetabula" from January 2000 to March 2020. Two reviewers independently selected articles, extracted data, assessed the quality evidence and risk bias of included trials using the Cochrane Collaboration’ s tools and/or Newcastle-Ottawa scale. When the two analysts had different opinions, they would ask the third analyst for opinion. Randomized controlled trials or retrospective comparative studies of 3D printing combined with ORIF (3D printing group) versus traditional ORIF (conventional group) in the treatment of acetabular fractures were selected. The data of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, incidence of complications, excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction, and excellent and good rate of hip function score were extracted. Stata14.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:Altogether 9 articles were selected, including 5 randomized controlled trials and 4 retrospective studies. A total of 467 patients were analyzed, 250 in the conventional group, and 217 in the 3D printing group. The operation time in the 3D printing group was less than that in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (standardized mean difference (SMD) =-1.19, 95% CI:-1.55 to-0.82, p < 0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume of the 3D printing group was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (SMD=-1.08, 95% CI:-1.65 to-0.51, p < 0.05). The fluoroscopy times were less in the 3D printing group than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (SMD=-1.64, 95% CI:-2.35 to-0.93, p < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in the 3D printing group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.79, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction between the two groups (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34-1.06, p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of hip function score at the end of postoperative follow-up between the two groups (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.46-1.56, p > 0.05), but the follow-up time varies from 6 months to 40 months.Conclusion:Compared with traditional ORIF, 3D printing combined with ORIF has certain advantages in terms that 3D printing not only helps surgeons to understand acetabular fractures more intuitively, but also effectively reduces operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and postoperative complications. However, there were no significant differences in the excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction and the excellent and good rate of hip function score at the end of follow-up.

简介：Objective:Tointroducethetechniqueofsubciliaryincisionandlateralcantholysiswithtri-dimensionreductionandrigidinternalfixationtotreatzygomaticcomplexfractures.Methods:Thesubciliaryincisionandlateralcantholysiscombinedwithtri-dimensionreductionandrigidinternalfixationofzygomaticcomplexfractureswithtitaniummicroplateswereappliedin56patientswithzygomaticcomplexfractures.Anotherlateraleyebrowincisionorsublabialincisionwasusedtosimplifytheoperation.Results:Thepostoperativefollow-upperiodrangedfrom6monthsto5years.Duringthefollow-upperiod,allthepatientshadsatisfyingpostoperativeresults.Allclinicalsymptomsdisappearedexceptthenumbnessintheinfraorbitalregionin2patients.In94.6%patientsnocomplicationssuchasobviousscar,ectropion,entropionorblepharoedemawerefound,only5.4%ofthepatientshadslightectropion6monthsafteroperation.Conclusions:Thesubciliaryincisionandlateralcantholysishavemanyadvantagessuchasinvisiblescar,sufficientexposure,minimalinjury,andfewcomplicationsandcombinedwithrigidinternalfixationwithtitaniummicroplatesthistechniquecouldbeusedasoneoftheroutineoperationmethodstotreatzygomaticcomplexfractures.

简介：Inordertoanalyzethesequencesoftheinternaltranscribedspacer(ITS)includingthe5.8SribosomalDNA(rDNA)ofcommondermatophytes,soastoobtainarapidandaccuratemethodtoidentifythespeciesofdermatophytesandtoestablishthephylogenetictreeofthesespeciestounderstandtheirrelationship,16strainsofdermatophyteswerecollectedandpreliminarilyidentifiedbymorphologicalcharacteristics.GeneralprimersforfungiITS1andITS4wereusedtoamplifytheITSrDNAofeachstrainswithPCR.ThePCRproductsafterpurificationweresequenceddirectlyandwereanalyzedthroughinternet.Intheresults,11strainswereidentifiedbymeansofmorphologicalfeatures,amongwhich5strainswereTrichophyton,5strainswereMicrosporumand1wasEpidermaphyton,whichwasconsistentwiththeresultsbymolecularbiology.Inthe5unidentifiablestrains,1strainwasprovedtobeChrysosporiumbymolecularbiology.Thesestrainsstudiedcouldbedividedinto3differentclassesasindicatedintheanalysisofthephylogenetictreeofthesequencesinITS,whichwerequitedifferentfromthoseofmorphologicalclassification.ItisevidentfromtheaboveobservationsthatthemolecularmethodofanalysisontheITSsequencesisarapid,highlysensitiveandaccurateapproachforthedetectionofdematophytespecies,however,itstillexhibitssomelimitationsneedingthesupplementationwithmorphologicalidentification.

简介：AbstractBackground:Giant serpentine aneurysms (GSA) originate from saccular or spindle aneurysm, dissimilar from dissected aneurysm, that are defined as partially thrombosed giant aneurysms with tortuous internal vascular channel. The clinical and neuroradiologic characteristics are clarified and the mechanism of formation and the efficacy of double stent implantation in GSA are discussed.Case presentation:An 18-year-old man presented himself with a GSA arising from the internal cerebral artery (ICA). In addition, a mandibular aneurysm (MA) arose from the external cerebral artery (ECA). Success was achieved in treating GSA through endovascular treatment with double stents implanted in the parent artery, which were LEO stent and Tubridge flow diverter. After 1 year of follow-up, three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels revealed the disappearance of the serpentine access of GSA, which was found to be replaced with a roughly normal vascular structure.Conclusions:Double stent implantation has provided a feasible treatment option for giant serpentine internal carotid aneurysms and eliminated the possibility of causing collateral circulation occlusion. Therefore, it represents a simple and suitable treatment method for anatomical structure and operation.

简介：胫骨的高原不属于工会的Intraarticular是稀罕的。在文学，仅仅9个病人被发现为不属于工会的胫骨的高原和他们得到了改变结果的intraarticular被对待。与骨头grafting一起的内部固定在所有情况中作为标准治疗被做。我们对待intraarticular的4个不同侧面案例在我们由4个不同方法的机构不属于工会的胫骨的高原。我们与骨头接枝，有K钉子的arthrodesis和全部的膝代替一起与巴黎扔的、内部固定的灰浆对待这些案例。大小写1与当病人拒绝了外科，扔的巴黎(流行音乐)的灰浆被对待。破裂被统一，尽管有外翻足malalignment，病人充分对运动的完整的范围满意。大小写2与开的减小被管理与骨头grafting一起的内部固定。病人有一个好工会并且在膝关节得到了运动的完整的范围。大小写3由于她的老年与全部的膝关节造形术被对待并且得到了令人满意的结果。大小写4是一感染不属于工会。Arthrodesis被做，病人能与忍受independently.We的完整的重量走断定与骨头grafting一起的那内部固定不能在胫骨的高原不属于工会的intraarticular的所有情况中是合适的。不属于工会的、现在的状况的原因和膝关节的运动的范围都应该被考虑，治疗应该根据每种patient’s状况是individualised。

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简介：DearEditor,Wearewritingthislettertoreportanunexpectedrarecaseofcentralretinalarteryocclusion(CRAO)happenedafterstent-assistedcoilingforinternalcarotidartery(ICA)aneurysminafemalepatient.CRAOisadevastatingocularemergencywithpoorvisualprognosisandnouniversalacceptedtreatmentatpresent.CRAOisusuallyassociatedwitharterialhypertension,diabetesmellitus,renaldisease.

简介：雄激素缺乏强烈与可勃起的机能障碍(编辑)被联系。不适当的阴茎动脉的血流动是到阴茎海绵体的血流动主要是的编辑的原因从内部pudendal动脉(国际语音学协会)导出的专业之一；然而，没有学习在国际语音学协会功能上评估了雄激素剥夺的效果。我们假设了那阉割损害国际语音学协会反应和结构，在我们的学习贡献编辑，Wistar雄的老鼠，8-week-old，被阉割并且在orchiectomy以后学习了30天。老鼠国际语音学协会的功能、结构的性质是坚定的分别地使用电线和压力肌动描记器系统。蛋白质表示被西方的污点和immunohistochemistry决定。血浆睾丸激素层次用IMMULITE1000免疫分析系统被决定。展出的阉割的老鼠损害了可勃起的功能，由减少的intracavernosal压力/平均数代表了动脉的压力比率。从阉割的老鼠的国际语音学协会展出了减少的phenylephrine-，电场刺激(EFS)导致了收缩并且减少导致醋胆素、导致EFS的vasodilatation。从阉割的老鼠的国际语音学协会展出了减少的内部直径，外部直径，动脉的墙的厚度，和代表性的区域。阉割减少了nNOS和肌动朊表示和增加的骨胶原表示，p38(Thr180/Tyr182)phosphorylation，以及caspase3劈开。在结论，雄激素缺乏与国际语音学协会反应和结构的缺陷被联系并且增加了表明标记的apoptosis。我们的调查结果建议导致缺乏的脉管的机能障碍是的那雄激素包含hypotrophic的一个事件国际语音学协会的脉管的改变。

简介：客观：为了介绍posteromedial，从胫骨为以后的十字形的系带(打印机控制语言)的多骨的撕裂的减小和附件通过gastrocnemius的中间的头的中间的边阶来临。方法：通过posteromedial的起作用的减小和内部固定从1998年2月在我们的部门gastrocnemius走近到2000年3月的有PCL的胫骨的附件经历了的avulsed的十一个病人。皮切口被颠倒沿着gastrocnemius和以后的囊的中间的头的中间的边阶塑造L被把暴露中间的边阶和侧面的收回，避免腿弯部的神经与血管的结构的损坏。在那以后，以后的囊垂直地有点中间地被把到以后的intercondylarsulcus并且就在手指触诊放的以后的中间的胫骨的著名上。当时，PCL和它的胫骨的附件是容易温和的。在推迟的盒子中，打印机控制语言外设释放是必要的克服系带收回并且为最佳的减小并且多骨的愈合使破裂床清醒。最后，一或二个可被细菌破坏的螺丝钉被用来修理avulsed骨头片断和30°屈曲膝灰浆在创伤被关上以后，演员组固定定期被使用。评估包括了X光检查，以后下垂符号和以后的抽屉与相反地侧面的方面相比测试。因为伴随物损害，对低手足的功能的评价不是可得到的。结果：在PCL的胫骨的附件avulsed损害的修理使用的gastrocnemius的Theposteromedial途径能提供清楚的解剖暴露的利益，很少血损失(20ml平均)，对任何结构的分开或附件的没有需要。病人被跟随在上面为一般水准上的11个月(从6个月到2年)。它证明多骨的愈合在推迟的损害的情况下在新鲜损害和7-9星期的情况下在4-6星期以内被完成。六从8fresh盒子出现了完全否定以后下垂符号或以后的抽屉测试但是为1-2公里的2有的额外的松弛。在3个推迟的盒子中，为3-4公里的额外的松弛与thecontralateral膝相比被介绍。结论；gastrocnemius的pos

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