简介：AbstractPurpose:This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI).Methods:Recreational soccer players with unilateral CAI were recruited for this cross sectional study conducted between January and August 2019. A total of 40 participants were screened for eligibility but only 31 met the inclusion criteria based on the methods of Delahunt et al and Gribble et al. Except for 3 participants not attending the evaluation session, 28 participants were finally included. A three dimensional motion analysis system made up of ProReflex motion capture unit and an AMTIb Kistler force plate, embedded in the middle of nine meter walkway, were used to assess the ankle and foot angles and moment during shod walking and barefoot walking conditions. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.0) was used to analyze data.Results:During shod walking, the ankle joint plantar-flexion range of motion (ROM) at 10% of the gait cycle (GC) and dorsiflexion ROM at 30% of the GC were significantly higher than those during barefoot walking for both feet (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.027, and 0.036 respectively). The inversion ROM during shod walking was significantly higher than that during barefoot walking for both feet at 10% and 30% of the GC (p = 0.001. 0.001, 0.001, and 0.042 respectively). At 10% of the GC, the eversion moment was significantly higher between barefoot and shod walking for both feet (both p = 0.001). At 30% of the GC, there was no significant difference between shod and barefoot walking plantar-flexion moment of both feet (p = 0.975 and 0.763 respectively), and the eversion moment of both feet (p = 0.116 and 0.101 respectively).Conclusion:At the early stance, shod walking increases the ankle plantar-flexion and foot inversion ROM, and decreases the eversion moment for both feet in subjects with unilateral CAI. Therefore, the foot wearing condition should be considered during evaluation of ankle and foot kinematics and kinetics.

简介：人类登月成功已成历史，美国勇气号登陆火星又将揭开探索的新篇章！在月球上的实践经验将帮助人类取得更大的进步！

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简介：Background:RunningisbecominganincreasinglypopularactivityamongAmericanswithover50millionparticipants.Runningshoeresearchandtechnologyhascontinuedtoadvancewithnodecreaseinoverallrunninginjuryrates.Agrowinggroupofrunnersaremakingthechoicetotrytheminimalorbarefootrunningstylesofthepre-modemrunningshoeera.Thereissomeevidenceofdecreasedforcesandtorquesonthelowerextremitieswithbarefootrunning,butnocleardataregardinghowthiscorrespondswithinjuries.Thepurposeofthissurveystudywastoexaminefactorsrelatedtoperformanceandinjuryinrunnerswhohavetriedbarefootrunning.Methods:TheUniversityofVirginiaCenlcrforEnduranceSpor!createda10-questionsurveyregardingbarefootrunningthaiwa.spo.stedonavarietyofrunningblogsandFacebookpages.Percentageswerecalculatedforeachquestionacrossallsurveys.Fivehundredandnineparticipantsrespondedwithover93%ofthemincorporatingsometypeofbarefootrunningintotheirweeklymileage.Results:Amajorityoftheparticipants(53%)viewedbarefootrunningasatrainingtooltoimprovespecificaspectsoftheirrunning.However,closetohalf(46%)viewedbarefoottrainingasaviablealternativetoshoesforloggingtheirmiles.Alargeportionofrunnersinitiallytriedbarefootrunningduetothepromiseofimprovedefficiency(60%).anattempttogetpastinjury(53%)and/ortherecentmediahypearoundthepractice(52%).Alargemajority(68%)ofrunnersparticipatinginthestudyexperiencednonewinjuriesafterstartingbarefootrunning.Infact,mostrespondents(69%)actuallyhadtheirpreviousinjuriesgoawayafterstartingbarefootrunning.Runnersrespondedthattheirpreviousknee(46%),foot(19%),ankle(17%),hip(14%),andlowback(14%)injuriesallproceededtoimproveafterstartingbarefootrunning.Conclusion:Priorstudieshavefoundthatbarefootrunningoftenchangesbiomechanicscomparedtoshodrunningwithahypothesizedrelationshipofdecreasedinjuries.Thispaperreports

简介：<正>Background:Short-legwalkingbootsareacommoninterventionforacuteandchroniclowerextremityinjury.Fewstudieshaveexaminedtheneuromuscularadaptationsassociatedwithshort-legwalkingbootsandnopreviousstudyhasinvestigatedtimingcharacteristicsofmuscleactivationduringgait.Thepurposeofthecurrentstudywastoexaminethetimingandamplitudesofmuscleactivationoftheextrinsicanklemusculatureduringwalkingintwotypesofshort-legwalkingboots.Methods:Elevenhealthyyoungadultsperformedfivelevelwalkingtrialsataself-selectedpaceineachofthreeconditions:normalwalking.GaitWalkerandEqualizershort-legwalkingboots.Groundreactionforceswerecollectedfromaforceplatformwhilesurfaceelectromyography(EMG)wascollectedfromthetibialisanterior,peroneuslongusandmedialgastrocnemius.EMGsignalswererectifiedandsmoothedusingtherootmeansquaredwitha20-mssmoothingwindowandwerenormalizedtothelargestmeanofthenormalwalkingtrials.Arepeatedmeasuresanalysisofvariancewasusedtoassesstheeffectofshort-legwalkingbootsontheonset,durationandamplitudeofmuscleactivation.Results:Short-legwalkingbootsweregenerallyassociatedwithearlieronsetsofmuscleactivationandlongerdurationsofmuscleactivation.However,therewasnoreductioninEMGamplitude.Conclusion:Thefindingsofthisstudyshowthattheinducedalterationsinmuscleactivationpatternsmaylimittheshort-legwalkingboots.

简介：Walkingwithoutimpactshasbeenconsideredindynamicsasamotion/forcecontrolproblem.Inordertoavoidimpacts,anapproachforboththespecifiedmotionofthebipedanditsgroundreactionforceswaspresentedyieldingacombinedmotionandforcecontrolproblem.Asanapplication,awalkeronahorizontalplanehasbeenconsidered.Inthispaper,itisshownhowthecontrolofthegroundreactionforcesandtheenergyconsumptiondependonthegradientofaslope.Thebipeddynamicsandtheconstraintswithinthebipedsystemandonthegroundarediscussed.Amotioncontrolsynthesisisdevelopedusingtheinversedynamicsprincipleproventobemostefficientforhumanwalkingresearch,too.Theimpactlesswalkingwithcontrolledlegsisillustratedbyaseven-linkbiped.The'flying'bipedhasninedegreesoffreedom,withsixcontrolinputs.Duringlocomotion,thestandingleghasthreescleronomicconstraints,andthetrunkhasthreerheonomicconstraints.However,therearethreerheonomicconstraintsfortheprescribedlegmotionorthreescleronomicconstraintsforreactionforcesofthetrailingleg,respectively.Thenominalcontrolactionforimpactlesswalkingcanbeprecomputedandstored.Themodelproposedallowstheinvestigationofseveralproblems:uphillanddownhillwalking,optimizationofsteplength,stictionofthefeetontheslopeandmanymore.Allthesefindingsarealsoofinterestinbiomechanics.更多还原

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简介：Backgound:Barefoot(BF)runninghasrecentlyincreasedinpopularitywithclaimsthatitismorenaturalandmayresultinfewerinjuriesduetoareductioninimpactloading.However,noviceBFrunnersdonotnecessarilyimmediatelyswitchtoaforefootstrikepattern.Thismayincreasemechanicalparameterssuchasloadingrate,whichhasheenassociatedwithcertainrunning-relatedinjuries,specifically,tibialstressfractures.patellofemoralpain,andplantariasciitis.ThepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminechangesinloadingparametersbetweentypicalshodrunningandinstructedBFrunningwithreal-timeforcefeedback.Methods:Forty-ninepatientsseekingtreatmentforalowerextremityinjuryranonaforce-sensingtreadmillintheirtypicalshodconditionandthenBFatthesamespeed.WhileBFtheyreceivedverbalinstructionandreal-timefeedbackofverticalgroundreactionforces.Results:While92%ofsubjects(n=45)demonstratedarearfootstrikepatternwhenshod,only2%(n=1)didduringtheinstructedBFrun.Additionally,whileBF47%(n=23)eliminatedtheverticalimpacttransientinalleightstepsanalyzed.AllloadingvariablesofinterestweresignificantlyreducedfromtheshodtoinstructedBFcondition.Theseincludedmaximuminstantaneousandaverageverticalloadingratesofthegroundreactionforce(p<0.0001),stiffnessduringinitialloading(p<0.0001).andpeakmedial(p=0.001)andlateral(p<0.0001)groundreactionforcesandimpulsesinthevertical(p<0.0001).medial(p=0.047),andlateral(p<0.0001)directions.Conclusion:Asimpactloadinghasbeenassociatedwithcertainrunning-relatedinjuries,instructionandfeedbackontheproperforefootstrikepatternmayhelpreducetheinjuryriskassociatedwithtransitioningtoBFrunning.

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简介：Tothegeneralpublic,theScreenActorsGuild(SAG)Awards(美国演员工会奖)lackthelusteroftheGoldenGlobesortheOscars.Buttotheactorsthemselves,it'stherealdeal.Theawardstheywinaregiventothembytheirownpeers--otheractors.Nojournalists,

简介：Barefootrunninghasbeenaroundformillionsofyears,anditissafetopresumethatformostofthattime,thepracticeoccasionedlittleinterest.Ourancestorsranbarefootbecausetheyhadnoshoes.Whenfootwearwasfirstinventedduringthelast40,000years(nodoubtatdifferenttimesandindifferentplaces),shoeswerebynecessityminimal-essentiallysandalsandmoccasins-designedtoprotectthesoleofthefootbutlackinganyofthesophisticatedfeaturesandmaterialspresentinmodemrunningshoessuchaselevatedcushionedheels,archsupports,andtoesprings.Mostofthesefeatureswereinventedinthe1970s,andtheyquicklybecamemorepopularandsophisticatedasrunningunderwentaworldwideboom.Today,thevastmajorityofrunnersthinkitisnormaltowearcushionedrunningshoes,andwouldneverdreamofrunningwithoutthem.

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简介：Inthispaper,itintroducedthemechanicalstructuredesignofthemultifunctionalwalkingrehabilitationrobot.WeusedtheSolidWorkstodesignandassembletherehabilitationrobot,andoptimizedtherehabilitationrobotbasedonergonomics.Theresultshowsthatthemultifunctionalwalkingrehabilitationrobothasthecharacteristicsofcompletefunctions,convenientoperation,compactstructureandsoon.Itcanmeettherequirementsofmedicalcareequipment,andeffectivelycompletethenursingworkofpatients.

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简介：Background:Previousstudiesoffootstrikepatternsofdistancerunnersinroadraceshavetypicallyfoundthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofshodrunnersinitiallycontactthegroundontherearfoot.However,noneofthesestudieshasattemptedtoquantifyfootstrikepatternsofbarefootorminimallyshodrunners.Thisstudyclassifiesfootstrikepatternsofbarefootandminimallyshodrunnersinarecreationalroadrace.Methods:High-speedvideofootagewasobtainedof169barefootand42minimallyshoddistancerunnersatthe2011NewYorkCityBarefootRun.Footstrikepatternswereclassifiedforeachrunner,andfrequenciesofforefoot,midfoot,andrearfootstrikingwerecomparedbetweenthebarefootandminimallyshodgroups.Results:Atotalof59.2%ofbarefootrunnerswereforefootstrikers,20.1%weremidfootstrikers,and20.7%wererearfootstrikers.Forminimallyshodrunners,33.3%wereforefootstrikers,19.1%weremidfootstrikers,and47.6%wererearfootstrikers.Footstrikedistributionsforbarefootandminimallyshodrunnersweresignificantlydifferentbothfromoneanotherandfrompreviouslyreportedfootstrikedistributionsofshodroadracers.Conclusion:Footstrikepatternsdifferbetweenbarefootandminimallyshodrunners,withforefootstrikingbeingmorecommon,andrearfootstrikinglesscommoninthebarefootgroup.

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简介：BackgroundEnd阶段脚关节关节炎损害联合功能和病人活动性。全部的脚关节代替是一个外科的过程对待严重脚关节关节炎。SaltoTalaris解剖脚关节TM(STAA)被设计模仿正常脚关节解剖和脚关节运动的屈曲/扩展。这研究的目的是与结束阶段在gait.MethodsFive病人期间在脚关节关节功能和力学上检验STAA脚关节代替的效果单方的脚关节关节炎被招募。病人们执行了水平在2个场合上走在一个实验室背景，在以前并且在STAA脚关节手术以后的3个月。美国矫形的脚和脚关节社会(AOFAS)hindfoot分数被获得。A12照相机运动俘获系统被用来执行走的分析。步法temporo空间的参数和脚关节关节力学被评估。配对的学生t测试和非参量的Wilcoxon匹配测试被执行在在外科前和外科以后的走conditions.ResultsCompared之间的biomechanical变量检验差别到pre外科的条件，在3月post-STAA外科，病人们在AOFAShindfoot经历了更大的改进分数(p=0.0001)；STAA脚关节证明31%在脚关节关节旅行(p=0.045)增加，22%在脚关节plantarflexor时刻(p=0.075)增加，60%尽最大努力增加吸收(p=0.023)，并且68%尽最大努力增加生产(p=0.039)。病人们也证明26%在走速度(p=0.005)增加，迈进长度(p=0.013)的20%增加，在两倍支持时间(p=0.043)的15%减少，和在全部的位置的5%减少预定(p=0.055)在手术以后的.ConclusionThree月，STAA病人在脚关节功能和步法参数经历了改进。STAA脚关节在象走那样的每日的活动期间表明了改进脚关节力学。

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简介：因特网的快速的进化一直在呼吁让有效recommender系统从联机资源指出有用信息。尽管历史的评价数据广泛地在建议方法被用作最重要的信息，最近的前进与标签信息的加入在建议性能一直在表明改进。而且，标签注解的可获得性被作为CiteULike，MovieLens和BibSonomy标注应用的如此的多产的联机聚会很好探讨了，它允许用户表示他们的偏爱，上载资源并且分配他们的自己的标签。不过，存在标签知道的建议接近的大多数用一张分成三部分的图在用户，目标和标签之中为关系建模，并且因此在节点的一样的类型以内俯看关系。克服这限制，我们建议一条新奇途径，三位一体，向个性化的建议集成历史的数据和标签信息。三位一体构造在节点的一样的类型以内考虑在节点而且关系的不同类型之间的互联的一个三分层的object-user-tag网络不仅。基于这个异构的网络，三位一体与重启模型一起采用随机的散步把协会的力量分到候选人对象，从而提供为一个询问用户优先考虑对象的一个工具。我们经由一系列大规模10褶层交叉验证实验验证我们的途径并且用三个全面标准评估它的表演。结果证明我们的方法超过几个存在方法，包括有重启，分配过程的资源的模拟，并且传统的合作过滤的监督随机的散步。