简介:Howtoefficientlymeasurethedistancebetweentwobasicprobabilityassignments(BPAs)isanopenissue.Inthispaper,anewmethodtomeasurethedistancebetweentwoBPAsisproposed,basedontwoexistingmeasuresofevidencedistance.Thenewproposedmethodiscomprehensiveandgeneralized.Numericalexamplesareusedtoillustratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.
简介:Aweightofevidenceisacalibratedstatisticwhosevaluesin[0,1]indicatethedegreeofagreementbetweenthedataandeitheroftwohypothesis,onebeingtreatedasthenull(H0)andtheotherasthealternative(H1).Avalueofzeromeansperfectagreementwiththenull,whereasavalueofonemeansperfectagreementwiththealternative.Theoptimalityweconsiderisminimalmeansquarederror(MSE)underthealternativewhilekeepingtheMSEunderthenullbelowafixedbound.Thispaperstudiessuchstatisticsfromaconditionalpointofview,inparticularforlocationandscalemodels.
简介:InthelastdecadeaNewGeophysicshasbeenproposed,wherebythecrustanduppermost~400kmofthemantleoftheEartharesopervadedbyclosely-spacedstress-alignedmicrocracks(intergranularfilmsofhydratedmeltinthemantle)thatinsiturocksvergeonfailurebyfracturing,andhencearecritical-systemsthatimposearangeoffundamentally-newpropertiesonconventionalsub-criticalgeophysics.EnoughofthesenewpropertieshavebeenobservedtoconfirmthatNewGeophysicsisanewunderstandingoffluid/rockdeformationwithimportantimplicationsandapplications.EvidencesupportingNewGeophysicshasbeenpublishedinawidevarietyofpublications.Here,forclarification,wesummariseinonedocumenttheevidencesupportingNewGeophysics.
简介:AbstractIt has been reported that liver fibrosis could be reversed after eliminating liver injuries. This article systematically summarizes the evidence of fibrosis regression based on histology, liver stiffness, and serum biomarkers, and discusses several clinically relevant challenges. Evidence from liver biopsy has been regarded as the gold standard in the assessment of fibrosis regression. Semi-quantitative staging and grading systems are traditionally and routinely used to define regression. Recently, the predominantly regressive, indeterminate, and predominantly progressive score was proposed, based on the regressive features from "hepatic repair complex" , to provide additional information regarding the quality of fibrosis. For non-invasive assessment, although liver stiffness and serum biomarkers could be applied to reflect the dynamic changes of liver fibrosis, other confounding factors such as liver inflammation have to be considered. In conclusion, both histology and non-invasive methods can provide evidence regarding fibrosis regression. The predictive value of fibrosis regression in long-term prognosis warrants further investigation.
简介:Madison:TheUniversityofWisconsinPress,1998.ISBN0-299-16320-2.Pp.224+fig.98.$22.95.AncientGoddessesexaminestheevidenceforclaimsthataMotherGoddesswasthefocusofreligiousactivityintenancientEuropeanorNearEasterncultures.ThereconstructionsofGoddess-centeredsocieties,withahighlyselectiveandfrequentlyrepeatedsetofdatasupposedlysupportingthem,werepromulgatedduringthefirstthreequartersofthetwentiethcenturybyOldWorldarchaeologists,mostrecentlyMariaGimbutas,whointerpretedculturalchangeandsimilaritiesbetweendifferentcu...
简介:Evidence-basedpointselectionmethodsmeanselectingacupuncturepointsonthebasisofevidenceofclinicalefficacy.Whilemostofthisevidencecurrentlyderivesfromhistoricalliterature,whichrepresentstheaccumulatedclinicalexperienceofovertwomillennia,thereisalsoagrowingbodyofevidencebeingestablishedthroughacupunctureresearch.
简介:Background:RunningisbecominganincreasinglypopularactivityamongAmericanswithover50millionparticipants.Runningshoeresearchandtechnologyhascontinuedtoadvancewithnodecreaseinoverallrunninginjuryrates.Agrowinggroupofrunnersaremakingthechoicetotrytheminimalorbarefootrunningstylesofthepre-modemrunningshoeera.Thereissomeevidenceofdecreasedforcesandtorquesonthelowerextremitieswithbarefootrunning,butnocleardataregardinghowthiscorrespondswithinjuries.Thepurposeofthissurveystudywastoexaminefactorsrelatedtoperformanceandinjuryinrunnerswhohavetriedbarefootrunning.Methods:TheUniversityofVirginiaCenlcrforEnduranceSpor!createda10-questionsurveyregardingbarefootrunningthaiwa.spo.stedonavarietyofrunningblogsandFacebookpages.Percentageswerecalculatedforeachquestionacrossallsurveys.Fivehundredandnineparticipantsrespondedwithover93%ofthemincorporatingsometypeofbarefootrunningintotheirweeklymileage.Results:Amajorityoftheparticipants(53%)viewedbarefootrunningasatrainingtooltoimprovespecificaspectsoftheirrunning.However,closetohalf(46%)viewedbarefoottrainingasaviablealternativetoshoesforloggingtheirmiles.Alargeportionofrunnersinitiallytriedbarefootrunningduetothepromiseofimprovedefficiency(60%).anattempttogetpastinjury(53%)and/ortherecentmediahypearoundthepractice(52%).Alargemajority(68%)ofrunnersparticipatinginthestudyexperiencednonewinjuriesafterstartingbarefootrunning.Infact,mostrespondents(69%)actuallyhadtheirpreviousinjuriesgoawayafterstartingbarefootrunning.Runnersrespondedthattheirpreviousknee(46%),foot(19%),ankle(17%),hip(14%),andlowback(14%)injuriesallproceededtoimproveafterstartingbarefootrunning.Conclusion:Priorstudieshavefoundthatbarefootrunningoftenchangesbiomechanicscomparedtoshodrunningwithahypothesizedrelationshipofdecreasedinjuries.Thispaperreports
简介:ThepresenceofthereversalsofthegeomagneticfieldwithintheBrunhesisindicatedbypaleomagneticstuidesonCenozoicvolcanicrocksintheLeizhouPeninsula,loessstrataandQuaternarymarinesedimentsinthePearlRiverMouthbasininChina.Theseregionalreversalsoccuredat0.58±0.13Ma,0.45Maand0.47—0.48MarespectivelyaccordingtotheresultsofK-Arisotopicdatingandclimatostratigraphicandbiostratigraphicanalyses.ThereversalsequivalenttotheEmperorEventissuggested.ThereversalsrevealedindifferentregionswithvariouslithologiccharactersinChinaprovethattheEmperorEventisaglobalreversaleventratherthanageomagneticexcursion,anditsconfirmationwillpermitaprecisedefinitionoftheMiddle/LatePleistoceneboundary.
简介:在西北的伊朗的Soursat变形建筑群(SMC)是SanandajSirjan变形的带的部分。建筑群由不同变形、Pluto的岩石组成,但是被由石榴石,十字石,kyanite,fibrolite,堇青石,和andalusite组成的metapelites统治。在片岩的Porphyroblastsschistosity的一样的织物,和三个阶段是在场的。内部schistosity(Sn)包括小道也是偏移量由结合extensionalschistosity(Sn+1)和一秒(Sn+2)的集合那crenulates(Sn+1)。多相的变态在建筑群是在场的。石榴石,十字石,kyanite,和fibrolite集合在M1变形事件期间保存条件。这个集合产出645瑩挠湡戠?敳癲摥愠?的磅估计?敮?敧灯票楳慣?敭桴摯椠?桴?硥汰牯瑡潩?景挠浯汰硥琠牥慲湩瀠票楳杯潮祭愠敲??档愠?潭湵慴湩?番杮敬?敤敳瑲?慭獲?漠獮潨敲漭晦桳牯?牴湡楳楴湯污愠敲?湡?潳漠?愠摮栠獡愠?硥整獮癩?灡汰捩瑡潩?牰獯数瑣椠?桃湩?湩琠敨映瑵牵吗?