简介：FromthecasestudyofEveningBellRingingatNanpingHill,oneoftheWestLakeCulturalLandscapesinHangzhou,China,weinvestigatedthesoundscapeofascenicareawithaprofoundculturalbackground.First,weconductedthesoundscapephysicalindexoftheareainbothwinterandspringseasonstoanalyzeitsobjectivegraphicalexpression.Second,wefocusedonpeople’sreactionstothesoundscapeinordertoobtainasubjectiveevaluationofeachcomponentinthesoundscapeandintegratedenvironment.Then,therelationshipbetweentheobjectivedataandthesubjectiveevaluationwasanalyzed.Finally,theimpactsofthenaturalenvironment,history,andculturalfactorsontheevaluationoftheJingciTemplesoundscapewerestudied.Itwasfoundthatnaturalsounds,culturalsounds,andhistoricsoundswerewidelyacclaimedinpeople’ssubjectivefeelings,whichindicatedthecloserelationshipsamonghistoricalandculturalbackground,soundscape,andnaturalenvironment.Thus,theconclusionwasmadethatsoundscapeshouldbeconsistentwiththelocalnaturalenvironmentandthehistoricalandculturalbackground.

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简介：Publicparksprovidemanybenefitstothecommunityastherepresentativesofgreenarea.Theallocationofpublicplacesplaysanextremelyimportantroleinthedailylivesofinhabitantsespeciallyforrecreationalusethatcouldenhancethequalityoflifeofresidentsinthevicinity.Tounderstandparkusers'behaviorisoneofthemostimportantprerequisitesforassessingtheparticipationinpublicservicefromtheparkusers'pointofview.Thepatternofparkutilizationonlocationandactivityselectionareimportantelementsinbehavioralstudy,whilethepublicparkstopographmayalsoinfluencethetypicaluser'sbehavior.Questionnairesurveyonparkutilizationwasusedtoinvestigatetheinteractionbetweenactivityinvolvementandrecreationallocationwiththeuseoflineardiscriminantanalysis(LDA)model.Thestudyfoundthatpublicparkusers'behaviorisinfluencednotonlybysocialcharacteristicsbutalsobytherecreationalactivitiesandtheirspecificlocationcharacteristics.Wefoundthatabout45percentofparkvisitorsarelocalresidentslivingwithinaradiusof3kmpreferredtraveltoparksneartheirresidentialarea.Thisimpliesthatlocationselectionbehavioriscorrelatedwithtraveldistance,traveltimeandtravelcost.Visitfrequenciesandonsiteexpendituresreflecttherecreationbehaviorfordifferenttypeofactivities.Theoverallinformationcanbeusefullyappliedbydecisionmakerstolaunchappropriatepublicpolicyinconsistencewiththeusefulresultsofthisstudy.

简介：AlthoughtheimpactofroadtransportonurbanairqualityhasachievedahighprofileinChina,stillgreaterattentionisrequiredasithasnotyetbeenconsideredfullyeveninrelationtotheroadnetworklinkingcitiesandurbanareas.Strategicenvironmentalassessment(SEA)isasystematicandcomprehensiveprocessforevaluatingtheenvironmentalimpactsofapolicy,planorprograminpubliclyaccountabledecision-making.AirpollutionhasbeenrecognizedasasignificantissueinmosttransportSEApractices.TheStrategicEnvironmentalAssessmentoftheHubeiRoadNetworkPlan(2002-2020)(HRNP)wasintroducedasoneoftheWorldBank'spilotSEAprojects.Aneffectiveframeworkwasdevelopedtoinvestigatethefunctionalrelationshipbetweentheroadnetworkanditspotentialairpollutantemissions.Inthisstudy,twoindicatorswereidentified:emissionintensity/inventoryofpollutantsandthespatialdistributionofthemostpollutedareas.Becausestrategicactionsareinherentlynebulousanddataqualityisoftendisappointing,threealternativescenarioswereemployedtoaddressuncertaintiesanddata/scaleissues.Calculationsweremadeusingemissionmodelsandresultswereanalyzedwiththehelpofstatisticaltoolsandthegeographicinformationsystem(GIS).TheresultsfromtheprojectimplementationandthefeedbackfromtheWorldBankhavebothshownthattheproposedframeworkiseffectiveinthetransportSEAprocess.

简介：Wastebiomassisalwaysgeneratedduringtheproductionprocessinindustries.Theordinarywaytogetridofthewastebiomassistosendthemtolandfillorburnitintheopenfield.Thewastemaypotentiallybeusedforco-firingwithcoaltosavefossilfuelconsumptionandalsoreducenetcarbonemissions.Inthiscasestudy,thebio-wastefromaNicotianaTabacum（NT）pre-treatmentplantisusedasthebiomasstoco-firewithcoal.ThesamplesofNTwasteswereanalysed.Itwasfoundthatthewasteswereoftherelativelyhighenergycontentwhichweresuitableforco-firingwithcoal.ToinvestigatethepotentialandbenefitsforaddingNTwastestoaFluidisedBedCombustion（FBC）boilerintheplant,detailedmodellingandsimulationarecarriedoutusingtheEuropeanCoalLiquefactionProcessSimulationandEvaluation（ECLIPSE）processsimulationpackage.ThefeedstockblendingratiosofNTwastetocoalstudiedinthisworkarevariedfrom0%to30%.TheresultsshowthattheadditionofNTwastesmaydecreasetheemissionsofCO2andSOxwithoutreducingtheboilerperformance.

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简介：TheHongKongObservatory(HKO)provideslow-levelturbulencealertingservicefortheHongKongInternationalAirport(HKIA)throughthewindshearandturbulencewarningsystem(WTWS).IntheWTWS,turbulenceintensitiesalongtheflightpathsoftheairportareestimatedbaseduponcorrelationequationsestablishedbetweenthesurfaceanemometerdataandtheturbulencedatafromresearchaircraftbeforetheopeningoftheairport.Theresearchaircraftdataarenotavailableonday-to-daybasis.Theremotesensingmeteorologicalinstruments,suchastheDopplerlightdetectionandranging(LIDAR)andradar,maybeusedtoprovidedirectmeasurementsofturbulenceintensitiesovertherunwaycorridors.TheperformancesofLIDAR-andradar-basedturbulenceintensitydataarestudiedinthispaperbasedonactualturbulenceintensitymeasurementsmadeon423commercialjetsforatypicalcaseofterrain-inducedturbulenceinassociationwithatyphoon.Itturnsoutthat,withthetuningoftherelativeoperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curvebetweenhitrateandfalsealarmrate,theLIDAR-basedturbulenceintensitymeasurementperformsbetterthantheanemometer-basedestimationofWTWSforturbulenceintensityatmoderatelevelorabove.Ontheotherhand,theradar-basedmeasurementdoesnotperformaswellwhencomparedwithWTWS.BycombiningLIDAR-andradar-basedmeasurements,theperformanceisslightlybetterthanWTWS,mainlyasaresultofcontributionfromLIDAR-basedmeasurement.Asaresult,theLIDAR-basedturbulenceintensitymeasurementcouldbeusedtoreplaceanemometer-basedestimatefornon-rainyweatherconditions.Furtherenhancementsofradar-basedturbulenceintensitymeasurementinrainwouldbenecessary.