简介:Differentsystemshavebeenusedovertheyearstodeliverdrugparticlestothehumanskinforpharmaceuticaleffect.Researchhasbeendonetoimprovetheperformanceandflexibilityofthesesystems.Inrecentyearsauniquesystemcalledthetransdermaldrugdeliveryhasbeendeveloped.Transdermaldrugdeliveryopenedanewdoorinthefieldofdrugdeliveryasitismoreflexibleandoffersbetterperformancethantheconventionalsystems.Theprincipleofthissystemistoacceleratedrugparticleswithahighspeedgasflow.Amongdifferenttransdermaldrugdeliverysystemswewillconcentrateonthecontourshocktubesysteminthispaper.Acontouredshocktubeisconsistsofarupturechamber,ashocktubeandasupersonicnozzlesection.Thedrugparticlesareretainedbetweenasetofburstingdiaphragm.Whenthediaphragmisrupturedatacertainpressure,ahighspeedunsteadyflowisinitiatedthroughtheshocktubewhichacceleratestheparticles.Computationalfluiddynamicsisusedtosimulateandanalyzetheflowfield.TheDPM(discretephasemethod)isusedtomodeltheparticleflow.AsanunsteadyflowisinitiatedthoughtheshocktubethedragcorrelationproposedbyIgraetalisusedotherthanthestandarddragcorrelation.Theparticlevelocitiesatdifferentsectionsincludingthenozzleexitareinvestigatedunderdifferentoperatingconditions.Staticpressurehistoriesindifferentsectionsintheshocktubeareinvestigatedtoanalyzetheflowfield.Theimportantaspectsofthegasandparticledynamicsintheshocktubearediscussedandanalyzedindetails.
简介:滑动模式控制(FTSMC)计划的一个新奇模糊终端为秒顺序的一个类追踪非线性的不明确的系统的位置被建议。在建议计划,我们集成输入产量linearization技术取消非线性。由使用扩充afunction的滑动亢奋的飞机,追踪错误的产量在能任意地被设置的有限时间收敛到零,这被保证。建议计划消除到达阶段问题,以便靠近环的系统总是显示出不变性性质到参数不确定性。模糊逻辑系统被用来接近未知系统功能和开关条款。Robustadaptive法律被建议减少在真非线性的函数和模糊系统之间的近似错误,因此啁啾的现象能被消除。建议控制计划的稳定性被证明,计划被用于一个转换摆钟系统。模拟研究被提供证实建议控制途径的性能和有效性。
简介:Toexploretheapplicationofsevereplasticdeformationforgrainrefinementinsteelproduction,anewmethodcalledcontinuousfrictionalangularextrusion(CFAE)wasappliedtorefinethegrainofinterstitial-freesteel.Thedeformationwascarriedoutatroomtemperatureandindividualsheetspecimenswereprocessedindifferentnumberofpasses.Anoverallgrainsizeof200nmwasachievedafter8passesandtheproportionofhigh-angleboundariestothetotalboundarieswasmorethan60%.ThroughthecharacterizationofhighresolutionEBSD,X-raydiffraction(XRD)andhardnesstesting,thispaperdiscussedtheevolutionofmicrostructuresandtexturesduringdeformationandexploredthedevelopmentdirectionofthemethod.
简介:本研究以甜菜不育系(N9849)及保持系(960766)为材料,采用Label-free、质谱分析、生物信息学分析方法,对甜菜现蕾期的花蕾进行比较蛋白质组学分析。结果表明:不育系与保持系中鉴定到的96个差异蛋白,涉及16个功能组;其中胁迫响应,碳水化合物代谢,花粉发育等功能类别所占比例较大。胁迫响应功能蛋白类的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、过氧化氢酶等在不育系中显著低表达,有毒物质及活性氧的清除能力弱,可能导致不育系材料系统发生紊乱导致形成败育。碳水化合物代谢功能蛋白苹果酸脱氢酶,蔗糖合酶等在不育系中表达量较低,碳水化合物代谢强度低,能量代谢匮乏也是致使花粉不育的一个原因。花粉发育相关蛋白Ⅲ型聚酮合酶在保持系中显著高表达,很好地维持了保持系的育性。本研究在蛋白质组学水平为阐述甜菜明雄性不育机理及其利用提供理论依据。
简介:民用的结构的完全的结构的描述的生存能力被探索并且讨论。特别地,鉴定形式(即自然频率,抑制比率和形式的形状)并且物理性质(即质量和僵硬)用仅仅结构,免费腐烂反应被学习。完成这,从免费颤动反应的形式的分析仅仅(MAFVRO)并且集体修正(公里)方法论与小浪一起订婚为最佳的信号处理和形式的重建基于技术。方法论被评估用模仿并且试验性的数据。模仿的数据从5故事的一个简单有弹性的模型被提取砍造并且从RC的一个更现实主义的非线性的模型装裱结构。试验性的数据从放大的2故事的饮料表格测试被聚集砍造。当识别性质的质量被显示被频率乐队和最佳的形式的形状重建的足够的选择管理,为从数据的重建过程的指南被建议。而且在结构经历了损坏的情况中,建议鉴定计划能也被申请对结构的健康的初步的评价。
简介:AraisedpanelmethodbasedonNURBS(Non-UniformRationalB-Splines)forfree-surfaceflowswithforwardspeedispresented.Inthisgeneralizedpanelmethod,NURBSareemployedtorepresentthebodygeometry,disturbedfreesurface,andtoexpresstheunknownsourcestrengthdistribution,onthebodysurfaceandabovethefreesurface.Comparedwithcommonhigher-orderpanelmethods,ithasnoneedofadoptinglocalcoordinates.NURBSmakethegeometryrepresentationofthebodyshapeandthewavepatternmoreprecise.Raisedpanelsabovethefreesurfaceproducelessnumericaldispersionerror,needlessCPUconsumptionandarehelpfulandcombinedwithcollocation-pointshiftingup-stream,cansatisfytheradiationconditionnumerically.ByusingcontinuousanddiscreteFourieranalysis,numericalerrorsofthismethodarediscussedandageneralexpressionfortheerrorsofnumericaldampinganddispersion,includingtheeffectsoftheverticaldistanceofsingularitiestothefreesurface,theorderofsingularitydistributionrepresentedbyB-splinesinpanels,andcollocation-pointshiftingisderived.
简介:设G是一个简单图,GiG,G1在G中的度定义为d(Gt)=∑v∈v(c)d(v),其中d(v)为v在G中的度数。本文的主要结果是:设G是n≥2阶几乎无桥的简单连通K3-free图,且G≌k1,n-1、Q1和Q2,若对G中任何同构于四个顶点路的导出子图I有d(I)≥n+2,则G有一个D-闭迹,从而G的线图L(G)是哈密顿图。
简介:TheChina-ASEANFreeTradeAreahascontributedtothedeepeningofeconomictiesandcooperationacrossallfields,butithasalsogeneratedcertainproblems.Inordertoachieveasustainabledevelopmentinthefuture,deepenedeconomictiesfeaturingmutualbenefitsarerequired.Thebasicapproachistoformasystemofverticaldivisionthroughanindustrialvaluechaindominatedbythefreetradearea.ThiswillhelpbuildChinaintoamorepowerfulfinalproductmarketandboostregionaleconomicintegration.更多还原
简介:Inthispaper,aclassofparameter-freefilledfunctionsisproposedforsolvingbox-constrainedsystemofnonlinearequations.Firstly,theoriginalproblemisconvertedintoanequivalentglobaloptimizationproblem.Subsequently,aclassofparameter-freefilledfunctionsisproposedforsolvingtheproblem.Somepropertiesofthenewclassoffilledfunctionsarestudiedanddiscussed.Finally,analgorithmwhichneithercomputesnorexplicitlyapproximatesgradientsduringminimizingthefilledfunctionsispresented.Theglobalconvergenceofthealgorithmisalsoestablished.Theimplementationofthealgorithmonseveraltestproblemsisreportedwithsatisfactorynumericalresults.
简介:IncubationofdinoflagellateCrythecodiniumcohniichromosomesincytoplasmicextractsofunfertilizedXenopuslaeviseggsresultedinchromosomesdecondensationandrecondensation,nuclearenvelopeassembly,andnuclearreconstitution.DinoflagellateCrythecodiniumcohniiisakindofprimitiveeukaryotewhichpossessesnumerouspermanentlycondensedchromosomesanddiscontinuousdouble-layerednuclearmembranethroughoutthecellcycle.Theassemblednuclei,beingsurroundedbyacontinuousdoublemembranecontainingnuclearporesandtheuniformlydispersedchromatinfibersaremorphologicallydistinguishablefromthatofDinoflagellateCrythecodiniumcohnii.However,incubationofdinoflagellateCyrthecodiniumcohniichromosomesintheextractsfromdinoflagellateCrythecodiniumcohniicellsdoesnotinducenuclearreconstitution.
简介:Ahigher-efficientthree-dimensionalnon-hydrostaticmodelisdevelopedtosimulatesmallamplitudefreesurfaceflowsbasedonastaggeredunstructuredgrid.Inthismodel,afractionalstepalgorithmisadoptedtosolvetheNavier-Stokesequationsintwomajorsteps.Atop-layerpressuremethodisproposedtominimizethenumberofverticallayersandsubsequentlythecomputationalcost.Threeclassicalexamplesofsmallamplitudefreesurfaceflowsareusedtodemonstratethecapabilityandefficiencyofthemodel.Thesatisfactoryresultsdemonstratedthecapabilityandefficiencyofmodellingarangeofsmallamplitudefreesurfaceflowswithonlyasmallnumberofverticallayers.
简介:Tosatisfytheinterfacialshearforcecontinuityconditions,anewmodelisproposedforthetwo-layercompositebeamwithpartialinteractionbymodifyingReddy’shigherorderbeamtheory.ThegoverningdifferentialequationsforfreevibrationandbucklingareformulatedusingtheHamilton’sprinciple,thenaturalfrequenciesandaxialforcesarethusanalyticallyobtainedbyLaplacetransformtechnique.Theanalyticalresultsareverifiedthroughthecomparisonwiththoseofseveralothermodelscommoninuse;andthepresentedmodelisfoundtobeafineronethantheReddy’s.Aparametricstudyisalsoperformedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofgeometryandmaterialparameters.
简介:大多数商品化的冠的stents用316L做的由于它性质的好联合,并且当前,某新stents用由于它的更高机械的性质的基于钴的合金做的不锈钢。然而,在这些材料的镍或钴元素的高数量的存在,被知道触发有毒、过敏的回答,引起了许多担心。没有镍的奥氏体的不锈钢被开发了以便解决这些问题。在这份报纸,基于新Fe-Cr-Mn-Mo-N的开发打高氮没有镍的奥氏体的不锈钢,性质象机械性质那样,在汉克的解决方案,并且在包括运动clotting时间和血小板粘附的vitro血相容性的腐蚀电阻,与上述二常规材料,316L不锈钢和Co-28Cr-6Mo合金相比被调查。结果证明新高氮钢钢和Co-28Cr-6Mo合金,和罐头是的316L比那些拥有了机械性质,腐蚀抵抗和血相容性的更好的联合为冠的stents的制造的有希望的其他的材料。