简介：ExogenoussubstancePaccelerateswoundhealingindiabetes,butthemechanismremainspoorlyunderstood.Here,weestablishedaratmodelbyintraperitoneallyinjectingstreptozotocin.Fourwounds(1.8cmdiameter)weredrilledusingaself-madepunchontotheback,bilateraltothevertebralcolumn,andthentreatedusingamnioticmembranewithepidermalstemcellsand/orsubstanceParoundandinthemiddleofthewounds.Withthecombinedtreatmentthewound-healingratewas100%at14days.Withprolongedtime,typeIcollagencontentgraduallyincreased,yettypeIIIcollagencontentgraduallydiminished.Abundantproteingeneproduct9.5-andsubstanceP-immunoreactivenervefibersregenerated.Partialnervefiberendingsextendedtotheepidermis.ThetherapeuticeffectsofcombinedsubstancePandepidermalstemcellswerebetterthanwithamnioticmembraneandeitherfactoralone.OurresultssuggestthatthecombinationofsubstancePandepidermalstemcellseffectivelycontributestonerveregenerationandwoundhealingindiabeticrats.

简介：Theextracellularmatrix,whichincludescollagens,laminin,orfibronectin,playsanimportantroleinperipheralnerveregeneration.Recently,aSchwanncell-derivedextracellularmatrixwithclassicalbiomaterialwasusedtomimictheneuralniche.However,extensiveclinicaluseofSchwanncellsremainslimitedbecauseofthelimitedorigin,lossofanautologousnerve,andextendedinvitroculturetimes.Inthepresentstudy,humanumbilicalcord-derivedmesenchymalstemcells(hUCMSCs),whichareeasilyaccessibleandmoreproliferativethanSchwanncells,wereusedtoprepareanextracellularmatrix.WeidentifiedthemorphologyandfunctionofhUCMSCsandinvestigatedtheireffectonperipheralnerveregeneration.Comparedwithanon-coateddishtissueculture,thehUCMSC-derivedextracellularmatrixenhancedSchwanncellproliferation,upregulatedgeneandproteinexpressionlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,glialcell-derivedneurotrophicfactor,andvascularendothelialgrowthfactorinSchwanncells,andenhancedneuriteoutgrowthfromdorsalrootganglionneurons.ThesefindingssuggestthatthehUCMSC-derivedextracellularmatrixpromotesperipheralnerverepairandcanbeusedasabasisfortherationaldesignofengineeredneuralniches.

简介：Guidedtissueregenerationisanewapproachinthereconstructivesurgeryofperipheralnerves.Biomimeticconductswereconstructfromtheexpandedveinonwhoseinnersurfacecompositedwithamnionfilaments(cf.Fig1).

简介：以便理解在落叶松种植园在微地点条件和自然新生上变瘦的效果，变瘦的实验在东方辽宁省在Qingyuan县在40-year-oldLarixolgensis种植园被进行，在2003-20的中国(14。Fivethinning处理(0%，10.2%，19.8%，29.7%和40.3%变瘦)在一样的地点上被设计。在变瘦以后，象光合的光子流动密度(PPFD)那样的华盖坦诚和微地点条件，土壤含水量，和土壤温度在一生长期被测量。同时，自然新生的调查在生长期的结束被进行。结果证明华盖坦诚随变瘦的intensities.PPFD和土壤温度的增加增加了，在不同土壤层的土壤含水量与在变瘦以后的华盖坦诚是确实相对的。改革树种类的丰富显著地没增加(p=0.30)自从变瘦，而是新生，在一生长期以后，树种类的密度和频率显著地增加了(p<0.05)。另外，改革树种类的数字增加了，并且增长与单个树种类的特征被相关。改革shade-intoleranttree种类的幼苗的增加的百分比多于阴影容忍的树种类的。在调查新生种类之中，到华盖坦诚的幼苗紧急情况的最大的反应是Phellodendronamurense。这篇论文证实了下列结论：在变瘦以后，改革树种类的变化是有在调查落叶松种植园改革unthinned树和地点条件的树种类，和分发的特征的关联词是影响新生的另外的因素。

简介：miRNA-183family,innormalbiology,isexpressedinaharmoniousandstablemannerintheneurosensoryorgansandcells.StudieshavealsoshownthatmiRNA-183family,indifferentpathways,affectstheneurosensorydevelopment,maintenance,survivalandfunction.Inaddition,ithaspotentialneuroprotectiveeffectsinresponsetoneurosensorydestructivestimulations.miRNA-96mutationcauseshereditarydeafnessinhumansandmice,andthereforeaffectstheinnerearactivityanditsmaintenance.CertainroleshavebeenidentifiedformiR-96inthemaintenanceandfunctionoftheinnerear.Thecomparisonofthetargetgenesoffamily-183intranscriptomesofnewbornandadulthaircellsshowsthathundredsoftargetgenesinthisfamilymayaffectdevelopmentandmaintenanceoftheears.IdentifyingthegenesthatareregulatedbymiRNA-183familyprovidesresearcherswithimportantinformationaboutthecomplexdevelopmentandenvironmentalregulationoftheinnerear,andcanoffernewapproachestothemaintenanceandregenerationofhaircellsandauditorynerve.

简介：ASchwanncellhasregenerativecapabilitiesandisanimportantcellintheperipheralnervoussystem.ThismicroarraystudyispartofabioinformaticsstudythatfocusesmainlyonSchwanncells.Microarraydataprovideinformationondifferencesbetweenmicroarray-basedandexperiment-basedgeneexpressionanalyses.Accordingtomicroarraydata,severalgenesexhibitincreasedexpression(foldchange)buttheyareweaklyexpressedinexperimentalstudies(basedonmorphology,proteinandmRNAlevels).Incontrast,somegenesareweaklyexpressedinmicroarraydataandhighlyexpressedinexperimentalstudies;suchgenesmayrepresentfuturetargetgenesinSchwanncellstudies.Thesestudiesallowustolearnaboutadditionalgenesthatcouldbeusedtoachievetargetedresultsfromexperimentalstudies.Inthecurrentbigdatastudybyretrievingmorethan5000scientificarticlesfromPubMedorNCBI,GoogleScholar,andGoogle,1016(up-anddownregulated)genesweredeterminedtoberelatedtoSchwanncells.However,noexperimentwasperformedinthelaboratory;rather,thepresentstudyispartofabigdataanalysis.OurstudywillcontributetoourunderstandingofSchwanncellbiologybyaidingintheidentificationofgenes.Basedonacomparativeanalysisofallmicroarraydata,weconcludethatthemicroarraycouldbeagoodtoolforpredictingtheexpressionandintensityofdifferentgenesofinterestinactualexperiments.

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简介：木质的种类的差异和新生在二生态的壁龛viz被调查。在旧生长的季节联盟者的差距和未经触动的植被弄干Shorea柔韧一(Gaertn。f.)在尼泊尔的森林。我们也联系了差异措施和新生属性的变化到差距特征。树和灌木部件的茎密度比在未经触动的植被在差距是更高的。S的幼苗密度。柔韧andTerminaliaalata(B。Heyne前Roth)比在未经触动的植被在差距是更高的，当矛盾的结果为T被观察时。bellirica(Gaertn。前Roxb)并且Syzigium枯茗i(L。Skeels)以幼苗密度。在幼苗层的Simpson索引，平均索引，和种类个人比率的补充比未经触动的植被在差距是更低的。差距尺寸能解释种类丰富和种类建立率。在不同的年里到多重树下降创造的差距有S的更高的幼苗密度。柔韧a比单个或多重的树创造的差距掉在一样的年里。在结论，差距由增加柳安森林的幼苗密度，和帮助新生维持种类差异。除了差距尺寸，另外的差距属性也影响种类差异和新生。

简介：BACKGROUND:Previousstudieshaveshownthatp75neurotrophinreceptorplaysanimportantroleinperipheralnerveinjury.However,theroleofp75neurotrophinreceptorintheregenerationofperipheralnervesremainspoorlyunderstood.OBJECTIVE:Tostudytheeffectofp75neurotrophinreceptoronfacialnerveregeneration.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:ArandomizedcontrolledexperimentwasperformedintheRegenerationLaboratoryofFlindersUniversity,AustraliaandtheBiomedicalLaboratoryofDentistrySchool,ShandongUniversityfromMarch2005toFebruary2006.MATERIALS:CholeratoxinBsubunit,fastblue,andbiotinrabbit-antigoatIgGwereprovidedbySigma,USA;goat-anticholeratoxinBsubunitantibodywasprovidedbyListBiologicals,USA.METHODS:Inp75neurotrophinreceptorknockoutandwildtype129/svmice,thefacialnervesononesidewerecrushed.Atdays2and4followinginjury,regeneratingmotorneuronsinthefacialnucleiwerelabeledbyfastblue,andtheregeneratingaxonwaslabeledbytheanterogradetracercholeratoxinBsubunit.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AxonalregenerativevelocityandnumberweredetectedbyimmunohistochemicalstainingofcholeratoxinBsubunit,growth-associatedprotein,proteingeneproduct9.5,andcalcitonin-gene-relatedpeptide;survivalofmotorneuronsinthefacialnucleiwasdetectedbyretrogradefastblue.RESULTS:Axonalgrowthinthefacialnerveofp75neurotrophinreceptorknockoutmicewassignificantlylessthaninwildtypemice.Atday7afterinjury,thenumberofregeneratingmotorneuronsinp75neurotrophinreceptorknockoutmiceremainedsignificantlylessthaninwildtypemice(P<0.05).Thenumberofpositivelystainedfibersforgrowth-associatedprotein-43,proteingeneproduct9.5,andcalcitonin-gene-relatedpeptideinp75neurotrophinreceptorknockoutmicewassignificantlylessthaninwildtypemice(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:p75neurotrophinreceptorpromotedaxonalregenerationandenhancedthesurvivalrateofmotorneuronsfollowingfacialnerveinjury.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofnervegrowthfactor(NGF)andSchwanncellsonaxonregenerationoftheinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengtheningwithdistractionosteogenesis.Methods:Unilateralmandibularosteodistractionwasperformedin9healthyadultmalegoatswithadistractionrateof1mm/d.Every3goatswerekilledondays7,14and28aftermandibularlengthening,respectively.TheinferioralveolarnervesinthedistractioncalluswereharvestedandprocessedforultrastructuralandNGFimmunohistochemicalstudy.Theinferioralveolarnervesfromthecontralateralsidewereusedascontrols.Results:Onday7afterdistraction,axondegenerationandSchwanncellproliferationwereobserved,andverystrongstainingofNGFinthedistractednervewasdetected.Onday14afterdistraction,axonregenerationandremyelinationwereeasilyobserved,andNGFexpressionstartedtodecline.Onday28afterdistraction,thegrayscaleofNGFimmunoreactivityrecoveredtothenormalvalueandtheSchwanncellsalmostrecoveredtotheirnormalstate.Conclusions:Gradualmandibularosteodistractioncanresultinmildormoderateaxondegenerationoftheinferioralveolarnerve.NervetraumamaystimulatetheproliferationofSchwanncellsandpromotethesynthesisandsecretionofNGFintheSchwanncells.SchwanncellsandNGFmightplayimportantrolesinaxonregenerationoftheinjuredinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengthening.

简介：AprotocolformicropropagationusingnodalexplantsfrommaturePinusmassonianatreeshasbeendeveloped.Timeofexplantcollectioniscrucialfortheinitialsuccessofasepticculture.ExplantscollectedinearlyMarchgavethehighestpercentageofexplantsurvival(64.5%)andshoot-formingpercentage(52.3%).Thidiazuron(TDZ)concentrationsignificantlyinfluencedshootformation;4lMTDZwasoptimum,with4.8shootsproducedperexplantwithameanlengthof7.1cmafter120daysofculture.Regeneratedshootsrootedfor60daysinbasicmediumwith1lMNAAwerereadyforgrowthinpots.ThisisthefirstreportonplantletregenerationinvitrofrommaturetreesofP.massonianathatprovidesareliablemethodforpropagatingselectedelites.

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简介：Sincethegenerationoffull-sibartificialtriploidfamilies,rapidcloneestablishmentandgeneticimprovementshavebeenneeded.Here,wereportaninvitromethodofdirectshootregenerationofatriploidhybridpoplar[(Populussimonii9P.nigra‘Italica’)9(P.9‘popularis’)].Usingdifferentrandomizedblockdesigns,weselectedonetriploidtoevaluatetheexplanttype,optimalconcentrationsofplantgrowthregulatorsandagar,andculturetimeunderlightordarkconditionsover60days.Thehighestrateofshootinduction,80.0%,wasobtainedusingMurashigeandSkoog(MS)mediumsupplementedwith0.2mg/Lbenzyladenine,0.04mg/Lnaphthaleneaceticacid(NAA),and5.5g/Lagarforthefirst30daysinthedark,then3g/Lagarforthenext30daysinlight.Thislastmediumyieldedthebestrateofshootinduction(6.32shoots/explant).Thesethreemediawerealsousedtoevaluatetheinfluenceofthegenotypesoftheparentsandhybridtriploidsonregeneration.Twoparentsandthreeofthefourfull-sibtriploidswereregeneratedsuccessfully;differentgenotypesandexplanttypessignificantlyaffectedtherateofshootinductionandaveragenumberofshoots.Leavesbutnotpetioleswereasuitableexplant.Onegenotypeproducedthehighestrateofshootinductionof96.67%.Half-strengthMSmediumsupplementedwith0.2mg/Lindolebutyricacidand0.04mg/LNAAwasthemosteffectiveforrooting;rootingratewas96.67%,survivalrateoftransplantswas73.33%,androotingfrequencysurpassed85%foreachgenotype.Overall,thisinvitroregenerationsystemwillbeusefulforthepropagationandgeneticmodificationoftriploidpoplars.

简介：Naturalspruce-firmixedstandisoneofthemainforesttypesintheworld,andalsohashugeecological,economicandsocialbenefits.Accordingtothestructuralcharacteristicsandsuccessionlawsofnaturalspruce-firforest,itisurgentandsignificanttodevelopscientificmanagementmeasuresfornaturalspruce-firmixedstandinlinewithlocalconditions.Thearticleoutlinedthecharacteristicsofthedistributionandstructure,regenerationandsuccessionlawsofnaturalspruce-firforest,andanalyzedthecurrentsituationandexistingproblemsofnaturalspruce-firforestmanagement.Thefollowingrecommendationswereeventuallymade:1)Innocuttingarea,allloggingactivitiesshouldbebanned.Inarestrictedcuttingarea,thecuttingintensityshouldbegenerallycontrolledwithin15%ofthestockvolumebeforecutting.Onthecommodityforestmanagementarea,theappropriatecuttingintensityshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothevolumeperhectare,determineandclassificationmanagementshouldbeimplementedinaccordancewiththecharacteristicsofforest,toensurethescientificselectivecutting.2)Closureforafforestation,plantingandrepairplantingshouldbeadoptedonvegetation-intensiveland,sparseshrubscoveredlandandharvestingslash,inordertoacceleratenaturalregeneration.3)Theinsituconservationshouldbeconductedinnaturereservesandscientificexperimentstationsofrareandendangeredspecies,suchasAbieschensiensis,Piceaneoveitchii,Abiesvuanbaoshanensis,toreducehumandestruction.4)Itissupposedtocollectseedsintime,establishnursery,activelyestablishforest,expandartificialpopulationandpromotenaturalregeneration.

简介：BACKGROUND:Nerveallograftrejectionisanunavoidableproblemfornerveallografts.Traumaticperipheralnerveinjuriesarecommonlyreconstructedusingautogenousnervegrafts.However,thisformofreconstructionislimitedbyinsufficientautologousnervesforlargegaprepairsandbymorbidityatthenervedonorsite.OBJECTIVE:ToexaminesciaticnerveregenerationandimmunetolerancereactionafterintragastricadministrationofultravioletB-irradiated(UVB)donorsplenocytes.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Acompleterandomizedgroupingdesignandcontrolledexperiment.TheexperimentswereconductedintheDepartmentofOrthopedics,theFirstAffiliatedHospitaltoShanxiMedicalUniversity,China,betweenMarchandOctober2007.MATERIALS:FourteenadultmaleSDratsandfourteenmaleWistarrats,weighing250–300g,wererandomlymatchedasdonorsandacceptors.AfurthersevenmaleSDrats(weight250–300g,age12–16weeks)wereusedfornerveisografts.ImmunepreparationsandtheEpicsXLflowcytometerwerepurchasedfromB-DCompany,USA.Acomputer-assistedelectromyographmachinewasprovidedbyKeypointP,DantelCompany,Denmark.METHODS:SplenocytesfromWistarratswereisolated,purified,andcultured,andthenirradiatedwithultravioletB.Inthefirstcontrolgroup(Group1),theSDratsreceivedasyngeneicSDnerveisograft.Inthesecondcontrolgroup(Group2),theSDratsreceivedanerveallograftfromWistarratswithoutpretreatment.Intheoral-tolerancetreatedgroup(Group3),theSDrecipientratswereinoculatedwith2.5×107LewisUVB-irradiateddonorsplenocytecellsbyintestinaltractadministrationatsevendaysbeforetransplantation.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:(1)Therecentendandthemiddleanddistalendofthetransplantednervewerecutat8and12weeksafteroperation.RecoveryofnerveregenerationwasmeasuredwithHEstainingusingthetotalnumber,density,anddiameterofthenervefibers.(2)ThelevelofCD25+Tlymphocytesinperipheralbloodwasdetec

简介：Inthepresentstudy,aseriesofregenerationconditionsandtheregenerationmechanismofmodifiedlakesedimentbiochar(Fe-KOH/LSB)catalystsforlow-temperaturecatalytichydrolysisofcarbondisulfide(CS2)wereinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthatRm-WNAmethodhadthebestregenerationeffect.Underoptimalregenerationconditions,thesulfurcapacity(13.86mg[s]/g[catalyst])ofregeneratedFe-KOH/LSBwasclosetothatoffreshFe-KOH/LSB(14.88mg[s]/g[cataiyst]).Thewaterwashingprocesscouldwashawayasmallnumberofsulfatesandalargenumberofalkalinegroups.TG-DTAandDRTFIRresultsindicatedthatthenitrogensweepingprocesscoulddecomposeFe2(SO4)3intoFe2O3,whichpartiallyrecoveredthecatalyticandtheadsorptiveabilities.CO2-TPDresultsindicatedthatthealkalisteepingprocessoffer-OHgroups,furtherimprovingthecatalyticandtheadsorptiveabilities.After3times-regeneration,thesulfurcapacityofFe-KOH/LSBreached13.31mg[s]/g[cataiyst],indicatingthattheRm-WNAmethodhadgoodstabilityfortherecoveryofthecatalyticactivity.BET,XPSandXRDresultsrevealedthatthedecreaseofthesulfurcapacityforregenerationwasattributedtothedecreaseoftheadsorptiveabilitiesofCandSiO2.

简介：ItwasgenerallyconsideredthatcontaminationofthegeltypepolystyrenestrongbasicanionexchangeresinbyorganicmatterinnaturalwateristheresultofionexchangeandVanderwaal′sadsorptiononit.Onthebasisoflaboratoryandindustrialexperiments,thispaperconfirmedthattheinterreactionbetweenorganicmatterandresinpolymermatrixisprimarilycontroledbyaVanderwaal′sadsorption.

简介：AbstractBackground:Histological and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is of significant clinical value as delayed surgical repair and longer distances to innervate terminal organs may account for poor outcomes. Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT) has already been proven to be beneficial for injured tissue recovery on various pathological conditions. The objective of this study was to explore the potential effect and mechanism of LiESWT on PNI recovery.Methods:In this project, we explored LiESWT’s role using an animal model of sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Shockwave was delivered to the region of the SNI site with a special probe at 3 Hz, 500 shocks each time, and 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Rat Schwann cells (SCs) and rat perineurial fibroblasts (PNFs) cells, the two main compositional cell types in peripheral nerve tissue, were cultured in vitro, and LiESWT was applied through the cultured dish to the adherent cells. Tissues and cell cultures were harvested at corresponding time points for a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Multiple groups were compared by using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer test for post hoc comparisons.Results:LiESWT treatment promoted the functional recovery of lower extremities with SNI. More nerve fibers and myelin sheath were found after LiESWT treatment associated with local upregulation of mechanical sensitive yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) signaling pathway. In vitro results showed that SCs were more sensitive to LiESWT than PNFs. LiESWT promoted SCs activation with more expression of p75 (a SCs dedifferentiation marker) and Ki67 (a SCs proliferation marker). The SCs activation process was dependent on the intact YAP/TAZ signaling pathway as knockdown of TAZ by TAZ small interfering RNA significantly attenuated this process.Conclusion:The LiESWT mechanical signal perception and YAP/TAZ upregulation in SCs might be one of the underlying mechanisms for SCs activation and injured nerve axon regeneration.