简介:Integrityofthemembranouslabyrinthbarriersystemisofcriticalimportance,whichpromotesinnerearhomeostasisandmaintainsitsfeatures.Themembranouslabyrinthbarriersystemisdividedintoseveralsubsetsofbarrierswhich,althoughindependentfromeachother,areinterrelated.Thesamesubstancemaydemonstratedifferentpermeabilitycharacteristicsthroughdifferentbarriersandunderdifferentconditions,whiledifferentsubstancescanhavedifferentpermeabilityfeatureseveninthesamebarrierunderthesamecondition.Allpartsofthemembranouslabyrinthbarrierstructure,includingtheirmorphology,enzymesandchannelproteins,andtheirspermeabilitycharacteristicsundervariousphysiologicalandpathologicalconditionsarereviewedinthispaper.Infections,noiseexposure,ototoxicitymayallincreasepermeabilityofthebarriersandleadtodisturbancesininnerearhomeostasis.
简介:<正>IntroductionDeafnessisoneofthemostcommonotologicdiseasesandamajordiseasethatgreatlyimpactstheChinesepopulation.FromtheSecondNationalSampleSurveyofDisabledPersons,itisestimatedthatthereare27,800,000hearingdisabledpersonsinChina,about2.14%of
简介:ObjectiveTinnitusandhyperacusisaresubjectivesymptomswhichcanbereportedbypeopleofanyage.Althoughtinnitusandhyperacusiscanhaveanegativeeffectonchilddevelopment,thesesymptomsarecommonlyoverlookedbytheirparentsandclinicians.Inthispaper,wereviewclinicalreportsontinnitusandhyperacusisinchildrenandbasicscientificstudiesonthesedisordersinordertoprovideupdatesofthesedisordersinthepediatricpopulation.Recentstudieshavefoundthattinnitusandhyperacusisarenotuncommoninchildren,especiallyinthosewithconductiveandsensorineuralhearingloss.Theparentsandcliniciansshouldpayattentionwhenchildrenshowabnormalbehaviorsandespeciallywhentheydevelophearingloss.Sincethereisnoobjectivemeasurementfortinnitusandhyperacusis,thediagnosisinchildrencanbechallenging.TinnitusandhyperacusisarealsocommoninWilliamssyndromeandautismbutthemechanismsarestillnotclear.Highdosesofsalicylateandnoiseexposurecaninducetinnitus.Animalstudieshavedeterminedlackofinhibitionintheauditorycortexandtheinferiorcolliculusmaybecriticalfortinnitusandhyperacusisgeneration.Thenon-classicauditorysystemmayalsobeinvolvedintheawarenessandtoleranceoftinnitusandhyperacusis.
简介:Serioushearingandbalanceimpairmentscanoccurasaresultoflossofhaircellsrelatedtoaging,environmentalstresses(suchasnoisesexposure)orexposuretochemotherapeuticdrugs(suchascisplatinandaminoglycosideantibiotics).Becausealargeportionofhearingimpairmentinvolveslossofhaircells,regenerationorreplacementofthesecellsisapossiblealternativetoprostheticdevices1.Researchershavepaidhotattentiontothestudyofinnerearhaircellregenerationforhearingrestorationformanyyears.Besidestheimportantfunctionofhaircells,therearemanyothercontributorsessentialfornormalhearing.Haircellregenerationisoneoftheessentialstepsfortotalhearingrecovery,butnottheonlyone.Inthisarticle,wewillreviewtheprogressesinresearchonhearingloss,stemcellapplicationandhearingrestoration.
简介:Cell-celljunctionsinthecochleaarehighlycomplexandwellorganized.Theroleofthesejunctionsistomaintainstructuralandfunctionalintegrityofthecochlea.Inthisreview,wedescribeclassificationofcelljunction-associatedproteinsidentifiedwithinthecochleaandprovideabriefoverviewofthefunctionoftheseproteinsinadherentjunctions,gapjunctionsandtightjunctions.
简介:Inmedicallaboratoryanimals,thepigistheclosestspeciestohumaninevolution,exceptforprimates.Asananimalmodel,thepigishighlyconcernedbymanyscientists,includingcomparativebiology,developmentalbiology,medicalgenetics.Rodentsasanimalmodelforhumanhearingdefectshasarepoorproducibilityandreliability,duetodifferencesinanatomicalstructure,evolutionaryrateandmetabolicrate,butthesehappenstobetheadvantagesofthepigmodel.Inthispaper,wewillsummarizetheapplicationofminiaturepiginthestudyofhumanhereditarydeafness.
简介:Cochlearimplantationisauniquemethodtore-constructauditionforpatientswithseveretoprofoundhearingloss.Withincreasingclinicalapplicationofthistechnique,itsrehabilitativeeffectsinpatientshasbecomeanimportanttopicofhearingandspeechrehabilitationresearch.Thisarticleisanoverviewofhearingandspeechrehabilitativetraining,rehabilitativeefficacyevaluationandfactorsaffectingrehabilitationefficacyfollowingcochlearimplantation.
简介:ObjectiveAlongwithchangesintheecologysystemandundertheinfluenceofvariousenvironmentalfactors,theincidenceoftumorhasbeenincreasingyearafteryear.Thereisatrendincancertherapytomovetocombinedtherapiesinvolvingsurgery,radiationchemotherapyandgenetherapy.Cancergenetherapyinrecentyearshasbroughtnewopportunitiesfortreatmentoftumor.Itsadvantagesincludelowrateoftolerance,insensitivitytocellcycles,highspecificityandcoverageforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors1,2.However,thisisanewfieldofclinicalresearch.RegardingthecorrelationamongtheSTAT3,CyclinD1andP21genesandtumors,researchhasfocusedontheirexpressionandregulation.Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofrelatedresearch.
简介:AdibelliZH,SonguM,AdibelliH.Paranasalsinusdevelopmentinchildren'amagneticresonanceimaginganalysis.AmJRhinolAllergy,
简介:骨导听觉装置(bone-conductiondevices,BCDs)目前广泛应用于言语康复领域。本文将BCDs分为传统BCDs,被动驱动BCDs,主动驱动BCDs(穿皮BCDs,经皮BCDs)和口内BCDs等分类,分别阐述其工作原理、适应证及缺陷。由于穿皮BCDs术后皮肤相关并发症的发生和美观考虑,今后发展方向为经皮BCDs,其挑战在于设备的效能、长期稳固的连接,对患者的安全性和有效性以及对MRI的兼容性。主动驱动经皮BCDs未来发展前景良好,但仍需相关临床研究支持。