简介：Thispaperadoptstherealoptionsapproachtostudythedecision-makingofcorporateendogenousbankruptcyanddebtreorganizationinarisk-neutralframework,whileunderstandingcorporatebankruptcyanddebtreorganizationastheoptionsheldbyequityholdersandthecreditor.Afterobtainingthevaluesofcontingentclaimsonthecorporateassets,thepaperanalyzesthebankruptcydecisionsofdifferentleveredcorporate.Withstandarddebtcontractandunderabsolutepriorityrule,thebankruptcytimesmaximizingtheequityvaluearenotconsistentwiththosemaximizingthecorporatevalue:thehighleveredcorporatewillinefficientlybankruptearlywhilethelowleveredcorporatewillinefficientlybankruptlate.Ifdebtreorganizationorcreditorconcessionisn'tallowed,liquidationoftenleadstothelossinvalue.Butifstrategicdefaultordeviationfromabsolutepriorityruleisallowed,thedecisionmaximizingtheequityvaluewillbeconsistentwiththatmaximizingthecorporatevalue.Debtreorganizationhassignificanteconomicimplication:forhighleveredcorporateorlowleveredcorporate,withdebtreorganizationordeviationoftheabsolutepriorityrulepermitted,postponedorhastenedbankruptcycanbeavoided,hence,thebankruptcytriggerchosenbyequityholderstomaximizetheequityvalueisefficientdecisionwithoutvaluelosses.

简介：IAPs(inhibitorsofapoptosis)areafamilyofproteinscontainingoneormorecharacteristicBIRdomains.Theseproteinshavemultiplebiologicalactivitiesthatincludebindingandinhibitingcaspases,regulatingcellcycleprogression,andmodulatingreceptor-mediatedsignaltransduction.OurrecentstudiesfoundtheIAPfamilymembersXIAPandc-IAP1areubiquitinatedanddegradedinproteasomesinresponsetoapoptoticstimuliinTcells,andtheirdegradationappearstobeimportantforTcellstocommittodeath.InadditiontothreeBIRdomains,eachoftheseIAPsalsocontainsaRINGfingerdomain.Wefoundthisregionconfersubiquitinproteaseligase(E3)activitytoIAPs,andisresponsiblefortheauto-ubiquitinationanddegradationofIAPsafteranapoptoticstimulus.GiventhefactthatIAPscanbindavarietyofproteins,suchascaspasesandTRAFs,itwillbeofinteresttocharacterizepotentialsubstratesoftheE3activityofIAPsandtheeffectsofubiquitinationbyIAPsonsignaltransduction,cellcycle,andapoptosis.

简介：Immunobiologicalstudyisakeytorevealingtheimportantbasisoffacialnerverepairandregenerationforbothresearchanddevelopmentofclinictreatments.Themicroenvironmentalchangesaroundaninjuriedfacialmotoneuron,i.e.,theaggregationandexpressionofvarioustypesofimmunecellsandmoleculesinadynamicequilibrium,impenetratefromthestarttotheendoftherepairofaninjuredfacialnerve.Theconceptof'immunemicroenvironmentforfacialnerverepairandregeneration',mainlyconcernswiththedynamicexchangebetweenexpressionandregulationnetworksandavariatyofimmunecellsandimmunemoleculesintheprocessoffacialnerverepairandregenerationforthemaintenanceofaimmunemicroenvironmentfavorablefornerverepair.Investigationonmicroglialactivationandrecruitment,Tcellbehavior,cytokinenetworks,andimmunologicalcellularandmolecularsignalingpathwaysinfacialnerverepairandregenerationarethecurrenthotspotsintheresearchonimmunobiologyoffacialnerveinjury.Thecurrentpaperprovidesacomprehensivereviewoftheabovementionedissues.Researchoftheseissueswilleventuallymakeimmunologicalinterventionspracticabletreatmentsforfacialnerveinjuryintheclinic.

简介：NeuralRegenerationResearch(NRR,CN11-5422/R,ISSN1673-5374)isaninternationaljournalpublishingpeer-reviewedoriginalEnglisharticleschargedbytheMinistryofHealth,

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简介：INTRODUCTIONThedisease,damageorlossoftissueandorgancanseriouslyaffectthehumanlife,evenleadstomaimedordeath,thatitshouldnotbeignored.Todate,autograftsandallograftstransplantationarethemostusuallyusedmethodstorepairdefectsoftissuesandorgans.

简介：Inthispaper,theself-regenerationprocessofthemixedresinsconsistingofcationandanionionexchangersintheelectrolialyserofthepackedbedisanalyzed,andanelectricregenerationmethodisputforwardtosupplythedesalinatedwaterbymixedbed.Theelectricregenerationtechnologyisanewoneusedforregenerationoftheexhaustedionexchangersinthemixedbed,insteadofthetraditionalregeneratingprocessbyusingacidandalkaliliquor.Electricenergyisconsumedtoregeneratetheionexchangersloadedbysaltsfromwatertreatmentwithoutanychemicals-acidandalkali.Theadvantageoftheelectricregenerationprocessexhibitedconvenientoperation,nodischargeanywaste,andthereforenopollutiontothereceivingwaterbodyandtheenvironmentalground.

简介：Themammalianliverhasaverystrongregenerationcapacityafterpartialhepatectomy(PH).Tofurtherlearnthegenesparticipatingintheliverregeneration(LR),551cDNAsselectedfromsubtractedcDNAlibrariesoftheregeneratingratliverwerescreenedbymicroarray,andtheirexpressionprofileswerestudiedbyclusterandgeneralizationanalyses.Amongthem,177geneswereidentifiedunreportedandup-ordown-regulatedmorethantwofoldatoneormoretimepointsafterPH,ofwhich62genesweredown-regulatedtolessthan0.5;99geneswereup-regulatedto2-10folds,and16geneswereeitherup-ordown-regulatedatdifferenttimepointsduringLR.ByusingBLASTandGENSCAN,thesegeneswerelocatedonresponsiblechromosomeswith131genesonthelongarmsofthechromosomes.Theclusterandgeneralizationanalysesshowedthatthegeneexpressionprofilesaresimilarin2and4,12and16,96and144hrespectivelyafterPH,suggestingthattheactionsofthegenesexpressedinthesameprofilesaresimilar,andthoseexpressedindifferentprofileshavelesssimilarity.However,thetypes,characteristicsandfunctionsofthe177genesremaintobefurtherstudied.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectofpyrroloquinolinequinone(PQQ)onnerveregenerationoftransectedsciaticnerveinanimalmodels.Methods:FortySDratsweighing220-240gwererandomizedintoaPQQgroup(n=20)andacontrolgroup(n=20).Eachanimalunderwentsciaticnervetransectionoperation.Aftertheoperation,PQQ0.5ml(250μg/Kg)wasinjectedattheoperationsiteinthePQQgroup,whilethesamevolumeofnormalsalinewasdeliveredinthecontrolgroup.Nervefunctionalevaluation,electrophysiologicalindexrecordingwerecarriedoutaccordingtotheexperimentaldesign.Newlygeneratednervespecimenswereharvested12weekspostoperativelyformorphologicalstudies.Results:InthePQQgrouptherewasagoodnerveregenerationandthesciaticnervefunction,sciaticnervefunctionindex,electrophysiologicalindexandmorphologicalappearanceweresuperiortothecontrolgroup(P<0.05).Conclusions:PQQhasaremarkableeffectinenhancingnerveregenerationoftransectedperipheralnerve.

简介：骨头髓(BM)的细胞的基础织物开发和新生通过造血的干细胞(HSC)和间充质的干细胞(MSC)被调停。在造血的房间和BMstromal房间(BMSC)之间的本地相互影响在myelosuppression以后决定造血作用的体质。这里，我们在侮辱以后控制BM新生考察BM本地信号。造血的生长因素(HGF)和BMSC生产的cytokines是在BM造血作用的规定的主要因素。对在多重种类的早胚胎开发批评的Morphogens被加到HSC管理者的家庭，包括Wnt蛋白质，槽口ligands，BMP，和刺猬的家庭。HSC和BMSC的全球基因表示分析开始为两种房间类型揭示了基因的签名组。更重要地，生物化学、生物的结合的全球基因表示的分析在BM期间本地信号学习新生强烈建议了HGF和cytokines不能是为BM恢复的主要本地管理者，chemokines(SDF-1，FGF-4)并且angiogenic生长因素(VEGF--一，Ang-1)在myelosuppression以后在BM宪法起有启发性的作用。BM毒性的管理的一个新方向从BM再生管理者的鉴定正在出现。

简介：Byinvestigation,thethesisanalysesandsummarizestheforminganddevelopingofCHFRPInXupucounty.WeselecttheMayandongstockcooperationforestfarmasobject,adoptthemethodssuchassemi-structureinterview,analysingseconddataandsurveyingsampleplots,analyseandstudytheprocesstoclarifythepropertyright,theprofitsallocatedformsandthemanagementforms.TheresultsshowthatCHFRPcantentativelyresolvethecontradictionbetweentheforestlandusingrightscatteredtoeve...

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简介：Humanμ-opioidreceptor(HμOR)withatagofsixconsecutivehistidinesatitscarboxylterminushasbeenexpressedinrecombinantbaculovirusinfectedSf9insectcells.Themaximalbindingcapacityforthe[^3H]diprenorphineand[^3H]ohmefentanyl(Ohm)were9.1±0.7and6.52±0.23nmol/gprotein,respectively.The[^3H]diprenorphineor[^3H]OhmbindingtothereceptorexpressedinSf9cellswasstronglyinhibitedbyμ-selectiveagonists[D-Ala^2,N-methyl-Phe^4,glyol^5]enkephalin(DAGO),Ohm,andmorphine,butneitherbyδnorbyκselectiveagonist.Na^+(100mM)andGTP(50μM)couldreduceHμORagonistsetorphineandOhmaffinitybindingtotheoverexpressedHμOR.μ-selectiveagonistsDAGOandOhmeffectivelystimulated[^35S]GTPγSbinding(EC50=2.7nMand6.9nM)andinhibitedforskolin-stimulatedcAMPaccumulation(IC50=0.9nMand0.3nM).Theagonist-dependenteffectscouldbeblockedbyopioidantagonistnaloxoneorbypretreatmentofcellswithpertussistoxin(PTX).TheseresultsdemonstratedthatHμORoverexpressedinSf9insectcellsfunctionallycoupledtoendogenousCi/oproteins.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheassociationbetweenendogenousgeneexpressionandgrowthregulationincludingproliferationandapoptosisinducedbytransforminggrowthfactor-β1(TGF-β1)inhumangastriccancer(GC)cells.METHODS:Reversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)wasperformedtodetectthemaincomponentsoftheTGF-β1/SmadssignalpathwayinhumanpoorlydifferentiatedGCcelllineBGC-823.LocalizationofSmadproteinswasalsodeterminedusingimmunofluorescence.Then,theBGC-823cellswereculturedinthepresenceorabsenceofTGF-β1(10ng/mL)for24and48h,andtheeffectsofTGF-β1onproliferationandapoptosisweremeasuredbycellgrowthcurveandflowcytometry(FCM)analysis.TheultrastructuralfeaturesofBGC-823cellswithorwithoutTGF-β1treatmentwereobservedundertransmissionelectronmicroscope.Theapoptoticcellswerevisualizedbymeansoftheterminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase(TdT)-mediateddTUPinsitunickend-labeling(TUNEL)method.Meanwhile,theexpressionlevelsofendogenousp15,p21andSmad7mRNAandthecorrespondingproteinsinthecellsweredetectedat1,2and3haftercultureinthepresenceorabsenceofTGF-β1(10ng/mL)bysemi-quantitativeRT-PCRandWesternblot,respectively.RESULTS:TheTGF-β1/SmadsignalingwasfoundtobeintactandfunctionalinBGC-823cells.ThegrowthcurverevealedthemostevidentinhibitionofcellproliferationbyTGF-β1at48h,andFCMassayshowedG1arrestaccompaniedwithapoptosisinducedbyTGF-β1.ThetypicalmorphologicalchangesofapoptosiswereobservedincellsexposedtoTGF-β1.Theapoptosisindex(AI)inTGF-β1-treatedcellswassignificantlyhigherthanthatintheuntreatedcontrols(10.7±1.3%vs0.32±0.06%,P＜0.01).Thelevelsofp15,p21andSmad7mRNAandcorrespondingproteinsincellsweresignificantlyup-regulatedat1h,butgraduallyreturnedtobasallevelsat3hfollowingTGF-β1(10ng/mL)treatment.CONCLUSION:TGF-β1affectsbothproliferationandapoptosisofGCcellsth

简介：基于冷模型测试的结果，LPEC与新奇格子类型内幕在一个改革者为FCC催化剂的新生开发了一种技术以便加强在气体和固体之间的接触并且提高在regenerator.Testresults烧效率的焦炭表明了在与格子内幕装备的使流体化的床上的密度变化是相对同类的并且起泡的频率显然在邻近改革者墙的死了的使流体化的地区与明显的改进被减少，并且这台设备能在FCC改革者被用于催化剂的加强的新生。在在精炼厂A的0.8Mt/aRFCCU的这台设备的在工业上的应用显示了改革催化剂的碳含量从0.18%被归结为0.03%，并且烧的焦炭的数量被5%在改革者的烯释相节在改革者和某密度减小的主要的空中与明确的减小增加。

简介：Afterpre-cultureandtreatmentofosmosis,cotyledonsofimmaturepeanut(ArachishypogaeaL.)zygoticembryosweretransformedviaparticlebombardmentwithaplasmidcontainingachimerichphgeneconferringresistancetohygromycinandachimericintron-gusgene.Selectionforhygromycinresistantcallusesandsomaticembryoswasinitiatedat10thdpost-bombardmentonmediumcontaining10-25mg/Lhygromycin.Undercontinuousselection,hygromycinresistantplantletswereregeneratedfromsomaticembryosandwererecoveredfromnearly1.6%ofthebombardedcotyledons.ThepresenceandintegrationofforeignDNAinregeneratedhygromycinresistantplantswasconfirmedbyPCR(polymerasechainreaction)fortheintron-gusgeneandbySouthernhybridizationofthehphgene.GUSenzymeactivitywasdetectedinleafletsfromtransgenicplantsbutnotfromcontrol,non-transformedplants.Theproductionoftransgenicplantsaremainlybasedonanewlyimprovedsomaticembryogenesisregenerationsystemdevelopedbyus.

简介：Amajorprobleminhybridriceproductionistheoccurrenceofleafsenescenceduringthegrainfillingstagethatcanresultinreductionofyield.Changesincontentsofseveralendogenoushormonesarerelatedtoleafsenescence.TherelationshipbetweenendogenoushormonesandleafsenescenceinthericehybridTiyou418anditsparentsTijinandC418,wasundertakenforinvestigation.Indicatorsofleafsenescence,includingsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)accumulationandchlorophyllcontent,aswellasthecontentsofabscisicacid(ABA),zeatinriboside(ZR),gibberellin(GA1/3)andauxin(IAA)intheleavesweredetermined.Differentratesofleafsenescencewereobservedinthethreematerials.SenescenceoccurredearliestandfastestinTijin,followedbyTiyou418andthenC418.AsimilartrendwasrecordedinABA,ZR,andIAAcontentsduringthegrainfillingstageinthethreematerials.Changesin(GA1/3+ZR+IAA)/ABAratioswerealsosimilar,beingquitestableduringtheearlystageofleafsenescence,anddecreasingmarkedlyduringthelatestage.TheratiodeclinedmoredramaticallyinTijin,inaccordancewithitsfasterleafsenescence.Theresultssuggestthattheratioof(GA1/3+ZR+IAA)/ABAregulateschlorophyllcontent,SODactivity,MDAcontentandmembranelipidperoxidation.Itispostulatedthatendogenoushormonesmayplayaroleintheregulationofleafsenescenceinasystematicway.

简介：AnewschemebasedonSOA-MZIforall-optical2Rregenerationisproposed.Thecharacteristicsofgainandswitchingwindowofthisdeviceareinvestigatedindetail.Numericalsimulationresultsindicatethatthenonlineargaincompression,thetimedelaybetweentheinputopticalsignalandthewidthoftheopticalpulseareessentialparametersforagoodperformanceofall-optical2Rregeneration.

简介：Objective:Toobservetheeffectsofcryopreservedolfactoryensheathingcells(OECs)transplantationonaxonalregenerationandfunctionalrecoveryfollowingspinalcordinjuryinadultrats.Methods:Twenty-fourratsweredividedintoexperimentalandcontrolgroups,eachgrouphaving12rats.ThespinalcordinjurywasestablishedbytransectingthespinalcordatT10levelwithmicrosurgeryscissors.OECswerepurifiedfromSDratolfactorybulbandculturedinDMEM(Dulbecco'sminimumessentialmedium)andcryopreserved(-120℃)fortwoweeks.OECssuspension[(1-1.4)×105/ul]wastransplantedintotransectedspinalcord,whiletheDMEMsolutionwasinjectedinsteadinthecontrolgroup.At6and12weeksaftertransplantation,theratswereevaluatedwithclimbingtestandMEP(moterevokedpotentials)monitoring.Thesamplesofspinalcordwereprocuredandstudiedwithhistologicalandimmunohistochemicalstainings.Results:At6weeksaftertransplantation,alloftheratsinbothtransplantedandcontrolgroupswereparaplegic,andMEPscouldnotberecorded.MorphologyoftransplantedOECswasnormal,andOECswereinterfusedwithhostwell.Axonscouldregrowintogaptissuebetweenthespinalcords.BothOECsandregrownaxonswereimmunoreactiveforMBP.Noregrownaxonswerefoundinthecontrolgroup.At12weeksaftertransplantation,2rats(2/7)hadlowerextremitiesmusclecontraction,2rats(2/7)hadhipand/orkneeactivemovement,andMEPof5rats(5/7)couldberecordedinthecalfinthetransplantationgroup.Noneoftherats(7/7)inthecontrolgrouphadfunctionalimprovement,andnonehadMEPsrecorded.Inthetransplantedgroup,histologicalandimmunohistochemicalmethodsshowedthenumberoftransplantedOECsreducedandsomeregrownaxonshadreachedtheendoftransectedspinalcord.However,noregrownaxonscouldbeseenexceptscarformationinthecontrolgroup.Conclusions:CryopreservedOECscouldintegratedwiththehostandpromoteregrowingaxonsacrossthetransectedsp

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