简介：

简介：在美国，高速公路桥的当前的负担和电阻因素设计(LRFD)说明是由于典型死了的负担和经常的车辆的负担的行动考虑桥部件的失败可能性的基于可靠性的明确的表达。各种各样的极端负担效果例如地震和容器碰撞，没在一样的基于可靠性的站台上被考虑。自从这些极端负担，是时间变量，把他们与相结合经常，nonextreme负担是重要挑战。设计限制州方程的数字能基于这些失败可能性从实际应用的看法点不现实地大、不必要。基于AASHTO州的桥工程师，的意见许多负担联合处于他们的州是不足道的。这份报纸描述一个标准的明确的表达包括仅仅必要负担联合建立设计限制州。这个标准被为时间不变的可能的所有和改变负担联合并且划分成他们部分术语的时间检验全部的失败可能性建立。然后，重要负担联合能是容易地坚定的份量上。

简介：放精确的GPS被GPS搬运人阶段观察的各种各样的错误来源，和传统的联合影响有他们的自己的限制例如宽小巷，狭窄小巷并且ionospheric免费的联合。获得最佳的放精确，一个新线性组合方法通过放的精确的GPS多频率搬运人阶段联合方程，和影响的变化协变性(VCV)被探讨与变化误差传播定律推出的观察错误被分析。为与一仅仅搬运人阶段联合放的高精确，最佳的联合方法被基线分辨率的一个例子与60km长度推出并且进一步验证了。结果显示这个方法最简单，并且放的精确是最好。因此，在各种各样的远处为不同精确要求放，快为长基线是有用的。

简介：Theradiancesscatteredoremittedbycloudsdemonstratediversefeaturesatdifferentwavelengthsduetodifferentcloudphysicalstructures.Thispaperpresentsamethod(thesmallest-radiance-distancemethod,SRaDM)ofrevealingthephysicalstructuresofclouds.Themethodisbasedonmulti-spectralradiancesmeasuredbytheModerateResolutionImagingSpectroradiometer(MODIS)onboardAqua.TheprincipleandmethodologyofSRaDMisdeducedandprovidedinthispaper.CorrelationanalysisbasedondatafromMODISandCloudProfilingRadar(onboardCloudSat),collectedfromJanuary2007toDecember2010overanoceanarea(15°N–45°N,145°E–165°E),ledtoselectionofradiancesat13wavebandsofMODISthatdemonstratedhighsensitivitytocloudphysicalstructures;radiancesattheselectedwavebandsweresubjectedtoSRaDM.TheStandardizedEuclideandistanceisintroducedtoquantifythedegreeofchangesinmulti-spectralradiances(termedDrd)andinphysicalstructures(termedDst)betweencloudprofiles.StatisticsbasedonnumerouscloudprofilesshowthatDrddecreasesmonotonicallywithadecreaseinDst,whichimpliesthatsmallDrdalwaysaccompaniessmallDst.AccordingtothelawofDrdandDst,thenewmethod,SRaDM,forrevealingphysicalstructuresofcloudsfromthecollocationofcloudprofilesofsimilarmulti-spectralradiances,ispresented.Then,twosuccessfulexperimentsarepresentedinwhichcloudphysicalstructuresarecapturedusingmulti-spectralradiances.SRaDMprovidesawaytoobtainknowledgeofthephysicalstructuresofcloudsoverrelativelylargerareas,andisanewapproachtoobtaining3Dcloudfields.

简介：高分辨率图象熔化是图象处理的域里的一个重要焦点。一个新图象熔化模型基于实验模式分解(EMD)的典型水平被介绍。多光谱的图象的紧张色彩浸透(代表耶稣之符号)变换首先给紧张图象。此后，以ID的排列扩展，EMD建模的2DEMD被用来从高分辨率的乐队图象和紧张图象分解详细规模图象和粗糙的规模图象。最后，一幅熔化紧张图象被重建在熔化图象与高分辨率的图象的高频率和紧张图象和代表耶稣之符号反的变换结果的低频率获得。在介绍EMD原则以后，2DEMD的一个多尺度的分解和重建算法被定义，一个熔化技术计划基于EMD是先进的。全色的乐队和多光谱的乐队3,2,1Quickbird被用来估计熔化算法的质量。在在特定的排(列)上根据EMD分析为兼并选择适当内在的模式函数(IMF)以后，象素灰色珍视系列，熔化计划给一幅熔化图象，它与通常使用的熔化算法相比(小浪，代表耶稣之符号，Brovey)。图象熔化的目的包括提高图象的可见性并且改进空间分辨率并且光谱原来的图象的信息。为了估计一幅图象的质量，在熔化，信息熵和标准差被使用估计熔化图象和相关系数的空间细节以后，为测量在原来的图象和熔化图象之间的失真以偏导索引和变弯的度光谱信息。为建议熔化算法，当EMD算法被用来执行熔化经验时，更好的结果被获得。

简介：Onthebasisofathoroughunderstandingofthephysicalcharacteristicsofremotesensingimage,thispaperemploysthetheoriesofwavelettransformandsignalsamplingtodevelopanewimagefusionalgorithm.ThealgorithmhasbeensuccessfullyappliedtotheimagefusionofSPOTPANandTMofGuangdongprovince,China.Theexperimentalresultsshowthataperfectimagefusioncanbebuiltupbyusingtheimageanalyticalsolutionandre-constructionintheimagefrequencydomainbasedonthephysicalcharacteristicsoftheimageformation.Themethodhasdemonstratedthattheresultsoftheimagefusiondonotchangespectralcharacteristicsoftheoriginalimage.

简介：基于测量系统的3DPTV(追踪Velocimetry的粒子)，有四条不同直径的粒子的3D运动特征被调查。在特定的流动条件下面，粒子的3D运动上的粒子直径的影响被学习，并且骚乱特征被不同统计方法分析。当直径增加了，结果证明粗糙的粒子的骚乱紧张减少了。在近的墙区域，纵、垂直的变化速度的概率密度分布两个都从正常分发背离了；当时在外部区域，垂直变化速度的概率密度分发近似同意了正常分发。

简介：Inthispaper,aprimitiveequationlinearwavemodelisusedtoexaminetheeffectsofthree-dimen-sionalstructureofheatingfieldonthebehaviorofstationaryplanetarywavesinsummerandtocomparetherolesofdifferentheatingfunctionsfortheformationandmaintenanceofsummermonsooncirculationinAsia.Itisshownthatthealoftheatingconnectedwiththelatentheating,especiallythedeepcondensationheatingassociatedwiththecumulusconvectioninlowlatitudes,playsacrucialpartintheAsiansummermon-soonandthestructuresofplanetarywaveresponsesarequitesensitivetotheverticaldistributionofheating.

简介：

简介：AftertheapproachbyMellor(2003,2008),thepresentpaperreportsonarepeatedefforttoderivetheequationsforthree-dimensionalwave-inducedcurrent.Viatheverticalmomentumequationandapropercoordinatetransformation,thephase-averagedwavedynamicpressureiswelltreated,andacontinuousanddepth-dependentradiationstresstensor,ratherthanthecontroversialdeltaDiracfunctionatthesurfaceshowninMellor(2008),isprovided.Besides,aphase-averagedverticalmomentumfluxoveraslopingbottomisintroduced.AlltheinconsistenciesinMellor(2003,2008),pointedoutbyArdhuinetal.(2008)andBennisandArdhuin(2011),areovercomeinthepresentlyrevisedequations.Inatestcasewithaslopingseabed,asshowninArdhuinetal.(2008),thewave-drivingforcesderivedinthepresentequationsareingoodbalance,andnospuriousverticalcirculationoccursoutsidethesurfzone,indicatingthatAiry'swavetheoryandtheapproachofMellor(2003,2008)areapplicableforthederivationofthewave-inducedcurrentmodel.

简介：Basedontheseismicresponsecharacteristicsofspaceframestructures,anewtypeofseismicisolationbearingdefinedasathree-dimensionalseismicisolationbearing(3DSIB)isdevelopedinthispaper.Thebearingoffersexcellentpropertiessuchasmulti-dimensionalseismicisolation,reasonablerotationcapability,goodabilitytoresistliftingload,uncoupledstiffnessinhorizontalandverticaldirections,etc.Inthe3DSIB,thehorizontaldimensionisdesignedbycombiningtheTeflonslidingdeviceandhelicalspring,whiletheverticaldimensionisdevelopedbyintroducingdiskspringsorhelicalsprings.Themathematicalmodelofthe3DSIBwasestablishedanditsperformancewiththecriticalparameterswastestedonashakingtable.Furthermore,the3DSIBwasappliedina120mspanhangarstructureandsimulatedusingSAP2000softwaretoevaluateitsperformanceinpracticalstructures.Theperformanceofthestructureswithandwithout3DSIBwascompared.Itisshownthatthehangarstructurewith3Dbearingsachievesabetterperformance.Theaxialforceandaccelerationresponseofthestructureswith3DSIBareeffectivelyreduced,whilethedisplacementresponseofthebearingiswithinthepredeterminedrange.

简介：

简介：Ｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙ　Ｓｔｕｄｙ　ｏｆ　Ｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ａ　Ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ　Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ　Ｕｓｉｎｇ　ａｎ　Ｏｎｅ－Ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌ　Ｔｉｍｅ　ＳｅｒｉｅｓＰｅｎｇＹｏｕｎｇｉｎｇ（彭永清）；ＺｈｕＹｕｆｅｎｇ（朱育峰）ａ...

简介：Minimizationalgorithmsaresingularcomponentsinfour-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilation(4DVar).Inthispaper,theconvergenceandapplicationoftheconjugategradientalgorithm(CGA),whichisbasedontheLanczositerativealgorithmandtheHessianmatrixderivedfromtangentlinearandadjointmodelsusinganon-hydrostaticframework,areinvestigatedinthe4DVarminimization.First,theinfluenceoftheGram-SchmidtorthogonalizationoftheLanczosvectorontheconvergenceoftheLanczosalgorithmisstudied.TheresultsshowthattheLanczosalgorithmwithoutorthogonalizationfailstoconvergeaftertheninthiterationinthe4DVarminimization,whiletheorthogonalizedLanczosalgorithmconvergesstably.Second,theconvergenceandcomputationalefficiencyoftheCGAandquasi-Newtonmethodinbatchcyclingassimilationexperimentsarecomparedonthe4DVarplatformoftheGlobal/RegionalAssimilationandPredictionSystem(GRAPES).TheCGAis40%morecomputationallyefficientthanthequasi-Newtonmethod,althoughtheequivalentanalysisresultscanbeobtainedbyusingeithertheCGAorthequasi-Newtonmethod.Thus,theCGAbasedonLanczositerationsisbetterforsolvingtheoptimizationproblemsintheGRAPES4DVarsystem.

简介：3D(三维)进程模拟当前是关于碎片流动的研究的最挑战性的领域之一。大规模地面显示是最在碎片流动模拟的3D风景建设的基本任务。作为为碎片流动的主要扳机，降雨将实质地提高现实主义的感觉。在3D碎片流动模拟显示的地面和降雨为数字计算和图形的处理能力提出大挑战。在这篇论文，我们建议风景建模并且使变为集成认识到3D的GPU技术，LoD算法，和粒子系统。为算法建模并且显示的即时基于LoD的地面首先被介绍，然后一个粒子基于系统的降雨风景显示方法被实现。试验性的结果证明与建议途径展览显示的3D风景鸣性能和公平视觉效果，它为碎片流动灾难的整个过程模拟打一个稳固的基础。

简介：当前，大多数MT(magnetotelluric)数据仍然在稀少的调查线上被收集并且因为域工作费用，解释了使用2D倒置方法，工作区域环境等等。然而，有从总是导致错误地地质的解释的3Dgeoelectrical结构的MT数据的一些2D解释限制。在这份报纸，我们使用了3D倒置方法解释MT稀少的线数据。在模型测试，稀少的行数据是从一个测试模型产生并且处理了使用3D的MT完整的信息数据结合坡度倒置代码。倒置结果证明这个倒置方法合理、有效。同时，我们证明为有不同元素参数的倒置结果，由阻抗张肌数据和tipper数据的联合倒置的结果对测试模型更精确、更靠近。

简介：

简介：Inthisstudytheseismicpoundingresponseofadjacentmulti-degree-of-freedom(MDOF)buildingswithbilinearinter-storyresistancecharacteristicsisinvestigatedthroughdimensionalanalysis.Theapplicationofdimensionalanalysisleadstoacondensedpresentationoftheresponse,andtheremarkableself-similaritypropertyforbilinearMDOFbuildingswithinelasticcollisionisuncovered.Itisshownthatwhentheresponseisexpressedintheappropriatedimensionlessform,responsespectraforanyintensityoftheexcitationcollapsetoasinglemastercurve.ThereducedΠsetexplicitlydescribestheinteractionbetweenthecollidingstructures.TheeffectofpoundingontheMDOFbuilding’sresponseisillustratedusingthreewell-dividedspectralregions(amplified,de-amplifiedandunaffectedregions).Parametricstudiesareconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofthestorystiffnessofstructures,thestorystiffnessratioandmassratioofadjacentbuildings,thestructuralinelasticcharacteristicsandthegapsizevalues.Resultsshowthat(i)theinfluenceofsystemstiffnessratiotothelighterandmoreflexiblebuildingismoresignificantinthefirstspectralregion,wherethemaximumresponseofthebuildingisamplifiedbecauseofpounding;and(ii)thevelocityandpoundingforceoftheheavierandstifferbuildingisunexpectedlysensitivetothemassratioofadjacentbuildings.

简介：Smoothedparticlehydrodynamics(SPH)isamesh-freeadaptiveLagrangianparticlemethodwithattractivefeaturesfordealingwiththefreesurfaceflow.ThispaperappliestheSPHmethodtosimulatethelarge-amplitudelateralsloshingbothwithandwithoutafloatingbody,andtheverticalparametrically-excitedsloshinginatwo-dimensionaltank.ThenumericalresultsshowthattheSPHapproachhasanobviousadvantageoverconventionalmesh-basedmethodsinhandlingnonlinearsloshingproblemssuchasviolentfluid-solidinteraction,andflowseparationandwave-breakingonthefreefluidsurface.TheSPHmethodprovidesanewalternativeandaneffectivewaytosolvethesespecialstrongnonlinearsloshingproblems.

简介：充分提取并且我的在时空尺寸的水库和地质的结构的多尺度的特征，新3D多尺度的容量的弯曲(MSVC)方法论在这份报纸被介绍。我们也为计算3D建议一个快算法容量的弯曲。与常规容量的弯曲属性相比，它的主要改进和关键算法在wavenumber域在时间频率领域和相应多尺度的适应微分操作符介绍多频率部件扩大，进容量的弯曲计算。这方法论能同时在两时空描绘地震多尺度的特征。另外，我们在各种各样的规模使用容量的弯曲的数据熔化充分利用弯曲大小在不同规模提取的地质的特征和异例。3DMSVC能加亮地质的异例并且同时减少噪音。因此，它改进弯曲属性分析的解释效率。3DMSVC被用于土地和海洋的3D地震数据。结果证明它能显示水库的空间分发，检测差错和破裂地区，并且识别他们的多尺度的性质。