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  • 作者: 张琴 侯勇哲 张伟 王琳
  • 学科: 医药卫生 >
  • 创建时间:2022-12-13
  • 出处:《磁共振成像》 2022年第06期
  • 机构:甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,兰州 730000 甘肃省中西医结合肿瘤临床医学研究中心 甘肃中医药大学附属医院放射科,兰州 730000,甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,兰州 730000,甘肃省中西医结合肿瘤临床医学研究中心 甘肃中医药大学附属医院放射科,兰州 730000
  • 简介:摘要目的探讨应用静息态功能磁共振成像(resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging,rs-fMRI)技术研究原发性失眠(primary insomnia,PI)患者较为一致的易损脑区,从而揭示PI脑损伤可能的神经机制。材料与方法检索2022年4月7日之前采用局部一致性(regional honogeneity,ReHo)及低频振幅/比率低频振幅/动态低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation/fraction amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation/dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF/fALFF/dALFF)分析方法探讨PI患者脑功能改变的文献,按照严格的纳排标准,采用激活似然估计法(activation likelihood estimation,ALE)对既往研究中PI患者相对于健康对照组(healthy controls,HCs)自发神经活动异常的脑区进行整合分析。结果共纳入19篇文献20个研究(PI 706例,HCs 681例)。结合ReHo及ALFF/fALFF/dALFF数据元分析结果显示,PI患者相对于HCs左侧梭状回和海马旁回活动增加(体素分别为3640、928 mm3,P<0.05),并未发现活动减低的脑区。单独ALFF数据元分析结果显示,PI患者相对于HCs左侧梭状回活动增加(体素为1360 mm3,P<0.05),并未发现活动减低的脑区。单独ReHo数据元分析结果显示,PI患者相对于HCs并未出现任何活动增高或减低的脑区。结论本文通过ALE元分析发现PI患者较为一致的易损脑区为左侧梭状回和海马旁回,这有助于进一步从神经病理学的角度理解PI脑损伤。

  • 标签: 静息态功能磁共振成像 原发性失眠 Meta分析 激活似然估计法 自发神经活动 易损脑区
  • 简介:摘要目的系统评价多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者生活方式改善体验的质性研究,为制订可操作性强的生活方式管理措施提供依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、Scopus、Science Direct、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方、维普等中英文数据库,搜索关于PCOS患者生活方式改善体验的质性研究,检索时限为2016年1月1日—2021年11月30日。根据澳大利亚Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准(2016版),运用汇集性整合方法对研究结果进行整合。结果共纳入9篇研究,提炼出58个明确的研究结果,将相似的研究结果归纳形成13个新类别,综合出3个整合结果:PCOS患者进行生活方式改善的动机、PCOS患者生活方式改善的感知障碍、PCOS患者逐渐适应生活方式改善的原因。结论医护人员应立足PCOS患者生活方式改善动机推动其健康管理内驱力,借助移动应用程序帮助PCOS患者克服生活方式改善中的障碍因素,医疗机构-家庭-社会多元联动为患者提供全方面、系统的支持,同时,组建多学科管理团队共同参与患者个性化生活方式改善以提高其健康促进生活方式水平。

  • 标签: 多囊卵巢综合征 生活方式改善 体验 质性研究 Meta整合
  • 简介:AbstractBackground:The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue. We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence, incidence, disease progression, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL that screened articles in English language published from January 2000 to December 2021. NAFLD prevalence, incidence, rate of disease progression, and outcomes were calculated with the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with arcsine transformation.Results:Our search identified 59,156 records, of which 578 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 29.38% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.09–30.69) regardless of the diagnostic techniques. Looking at the group in which the diagnosis was made by ultrasound exclusively, the pooled prevalence was 30.49% (95% CI 29.55–31.43). NAFLD has become more prevalent during the year 2011–2021 (31.63%, 95% CI 30.23–33.04) compared with year 2000–2010 (27.94%, 95% CI 26.23–29.69). The pooled estimation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis prevalence was 8.26% (95% CI 1.13–21.01), 46.49% (95% CI 35.93–57.20), and 46.72% (95% CI 37.57–55.98) in general population, NAFLD patients, and severe/morbidly obese patients, respectively. Based on a total of 110,142 newly developed NAFLD patients, the pooled incident rate was estimated as 46.24 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 43.21–49.30). In patients with NAFLD, the incident rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was 1.46 (95% CI 0.90–2.03) cases per 1000 person-years. The overall pooled estimate of NAFLD related mortality was 23.91 (95% CI 13.55–37.18) death per 1000 person-years.Conclusions:The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally. It is contributing to poor clinical outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Rising awareness and urgent actions are warranted to control the NAFLD pandemic across the globe.Registration:PROSPERO, No. CRD42020171104.

  • 标签: Incidence Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Outcome Prevalence
  • 简介:摘要目的对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, aSAH)患者术后超早期康复对住院时间、并发症和血管痉挛的影响进行meta分析。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、WOS、CNKI、CBM以及万方数据库,搜集有关aSAH患者术后超早期康复的对照研究,检索时限均从建库至2021年8月。根据《Cochrane手册》评价纳入文献的方法学质量,应用RevMan 5.2软件进行meta分析。结果总共筛选得到5篇文献,共计413例患者。5项研究的方法学质量均较低(C级)。Meta分析结果显示,干预组平均住院时间[均数差–4.14,95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI)–10.69~2.42;P=0.22]和并发症发生率(优势比0.86,95% CI 0.40~1.83;P=0.70)均低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义;干预组脑血管痉挛发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(优势比0.31,95% CI 0.18~0.53;P<0.001)。结论aSAH患者术后实施超早期康复能降低脑血管痉挛发生率而不会增高并发症发生率,因此可考虑实施超早期康复。本研究纳入文献的方法学质量偏低,尚需高质量随机对照试验进一步验证超早期康复对住院时间、并发症和血管痉挛的影响。

  • 标签: 蛛网膜下腔出血 颅内动脉瘤 神经外科手术 早日下床活动 住院时间 手术后并发症 血管痉挛,颅内 专题Meta分析
  • 简介:AbstractBackground:PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have emerged as promising treatments for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods:Systematic review and meta-analysis of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in HNSCC. Outcomes: median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).Results:Eleven trials reported data on 1088 patients (mean age: 59.9 years, range: 18-90). The total mOS was 7.97 months (range: 6.0-16.5). Mean mPFS for all studies was 2.84 months (range: 1.9-6.5). PD-1 inhibitors had a lower rate of RECIST Progressive Disease than PD-L1 inhibitors (42.61%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.29-49.06 vs. 56.79%, 95% CI: 49.18-64.19, P < 0.001). The rate of TRAEs of any grade (62.7%, 95% CI: 59.8-65.6) did not differ.Conclusions:Meta-analysis shows the efficacy of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in HNSCC and suggests a possible difference in certain RECIST criterion between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. Future work to investigate the clinical significance of these findings is warranted.

  • 标签: antibodies disease progression head and neck neoplasms humanized meta-analysis monoclonal squamous cell carcinoma of the neck
  • 简介:摘要目的检索多学科医务人员对ICU患者早期活动的真实体验的质性研究,并进行Meta整合。方法计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、CINAHL、Embase、The Cochrane Library、PsycINFO、Ovid、Medline、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中关于多学科医务人员对ICU患者早期活动的认知及体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2021年4月。进行文献质量评价后,采用澳大利亚Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)循证卫生保健中心Meta整合中的汇集性整合法对结果进行整合。结果共纳入14项研究,提炼出54个主要结果、13个新类别、3个整合结果,整合结果分别是对早期活动的重要性感知、实施早期活动的障碍因素、实施早期活动的促进因素。结论多学科医务人员协作在ICU患者早期活动的实施中发挥着重要作用,但目前在临床实践中面临着许多障碍,未来应结合国内ICU实际情况及特点探索多学科协作策略,积极推动早期活动的临床开展和持续落实,有效改善患者预后。

  • 标签: 重症监护病房 护士 早期活动 体验 质性研究 Meta整合
  • 简介:摘要目的系统比较促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)激动剂长方案与GnRH拮抗剂方案应用于中国不孕患者辅助生殖治疗中的有效性及安全性,为临床实践提供科学参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、CENTRAL、CBM、CNKI和Wanfang Data数据库,检索时限均为建库至2019年6月,纳入相关随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)。由两名经方法学培训的研究者独立完成文献筛选、偏倚风险评价及数据提取后,采用RevMan5.3软件进行meta分析。结果共纳入14项RCT,共2335例中国不孕患者,年龄为29.0~38.9岁,不孕年限为3.8~6.8年。纳入研究偏倚风险为中到高。在中国不孕患者中,应用GnRH激动剂长方案与GnRH拮抗剂方案相比获卵数更多(MD=0.60,95% CI=0.07~1.13,P=0.030)。而两种方案的MⅡ卵率(RR=1.03,95% CI=0.99~1.07)、受精率(RR=1.02,95% CI=0.99~1.05)、可移植胚胎数(MD=-0.05,95% CI=-0.15~0.04)、优质胚胎率(MD=-0.17,95% CI=-0.66~0.33)、种植率(RR=0.96,95% CI=0.80~1.15)和临床妊娠率(RR=1.07,95% CI=0.93~1.22)差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在安全性方面,应用两种方案的周期取消率(RR=1.74,95% CI=0.98~3.10)和流产率(RR=1.08,95% CI=0.68~1.72)差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但GnRH激动剂长方案的卵巢过度刺激综合征发生率高于GnRH拮抗剂方案(RR=2.77,95% CI=1.59~4.81,P<0.001)。结论在中国不孕患者中,与GnRH拮抗剂方案相比,应用GnRH激动剂长方案可能增加获卵数,增加卵巢过度刺激综合征发生风险。而在MⅡ卵率、受精率、可移植胚胎数、优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率、周期取消率和流产率上,尚不能认为两种促排卵方案存在差异。

  • 标签: 控制性卵巢刺激 促性腺激素释放激素激动剂 促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂 中国不孕患者 有效性 安全性 系统评价 Meta分析
  • 简介:摘要目的探讨钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT2i)引起2型糖尿病患者发生尿路或生殖器感染的风险。方法检索美国国立医学图书馆数据库(PubMed)、医学文摘数据库(EMbase)、Web of Science、Clinical trials 和Cochrane循证医学数据库(Cochrane Library),以及中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献库(SinoMed)等从建库到2021年8月31日收录的,涉及SGLT2i类药物且报告了生殖器感染或尿路感染结局的随机对照试验(RCT)。提取纳入文献的标题、试验组与对照组的干预措施、背景用药、结局事件、样本量等信息。对所有现有证据进行多层面的网状Meta分析,尿路感染和生殖器感染相对效应值均表示为OR值及其95%CI。结果最终纳入100篇文献,97篇报告了尿路感染数据,28篇报告了生殖器感染数据。SGLT2i类药物治疗组总样本量为46 697例,纳入文献涉及的SGLT2i类药物具体包括卡格列净、达格列净、贝格列净、荣格列净、埃格列净、恒格列净等,涉及的对照组干预措施包括其他降糖药及安慰剂,总样本量为33 284例,其他降糖药具体包括二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂(DPP-4i)、胰岛素、磺脲类等。对于尿路感染结局,卡格列净引起尿路感染的风险较达格列净(OR=0.67,95%CI 0.45~0.99)、贝格列净(OR=0.43,95%CI 0.19~0.98)和荣格列净(OR=0.27,95%CI 0.08~0.97)均更低;与安慰剂相比,埃格列净增加尿路感染的风险(OR=1.21,95%CI 1.04~1.40);与恒格列净、胰岛素相比,贝格列净增加尿路感染的风险,其OR值(95%CI)分别为4.15(1.08~15.95)和12.16(1.27~116.55);与荣格列净相比,恒格列净降低尿路感染风险(OR=0.15,95%CI 0.03~0.80);与胰岛素和磺脲类相比,荣格列净可能增加尿路感染的风险,其OR值(95%CI)分别为19.32(1.65~226.07)和5.82(1.11~30.57)。对于生殖器感染结局,与其他降糖药相比,SGLT2i类药物显著增加患者发生生殖器感染的风险(OR=4.18,95%CI 2.33~7.53);其中,与DPP-4i相比,SGLT2i类药物增加了患者生殖器感染的风险(OR=3.26,95%CI 1.18~9.06),且细分不同SGLT2i药物后,卡格列净与DPP-4i类相比,引起患者生殖器感染的风险差异有统计学意义(OR=3.80,95%CI 1.08~13.39)。结论SGLT2i类药物中,达格列净、埃格列净、贝格列净和荣格列净引起尿路感染的风险较高。SGLT2i类药物与其他降糖药,尤其是与DPP-4i类相比,增加T2DM患者生殖器感染的风险。

  • 标签: 糖尿病,2型 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂 尿路感染 生殖器感染 网状Meta分析
  • 简介:AbstractPurpose:Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) was usually used to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary total knee arthroplasty (PTKA), but whether to use ALBC or plain bone cement in PTKA remains unclear. We aimed to compare the occurrence rate of PJI using two different cements, and to investigate the efficacy of different antibiotic types and doses administered in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) with ALBC.Methods:The availability of ALBC for preventing PJI was evaluated by using a systematic review and meta-analysis referring to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Existing articles until December 2021 involving PTKA patients with both ALBC and plain bone cement cohorts were scanned by searching "total knee arthroplasty" , "antibiotic-loaded cement" , "antibiotic prophylaxis" , "antibiotic-impregnated cement" and "antibiotic-laden cement" in the database of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Subgroup analysis included the effectiveness of different antibiotic types and doses in preventing SSI with ALBC. The modified Jadad scale was employed to score the qualities of included articles.Results:Eleven quantitative studies were enrolled, including 34,159 knees undergoing PTKA. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that the use of prophylactic ALBC could significantly reduce the prevalence of deep incisional SSI after PTKA, whereas there was no significant reduction in the rate of superficial incisional SSI. Moreover, gentamicin-loaded cement was effective in preventing deep incisional SSI, and the use of high-dose ALBC significantly reduced the rate of deep incisional SSI after PTKA. Besides, no significant adverse reactions and complications were stated during the use of ALBC in PTKA.Conclusion:The preventive application of ALBC during PTKA could reduce the rates of deep PJI. Furthermore, bone cement containing gentamicin and high-dose ALBC could even better prevent deep infection after PTKA. However, the existing related articles are mostly single-center and retrospective studies, and further high-quality ones are needed for confirmation.

  • 标签: Surgical site infection Antibiotic-loaded cement Plain bone cement Periprosthetic joint infection Primary total knee arthroplasty Meta
  • 简介:摘要目的评价程序性细胞死亡受体1(PD-1)、程序性细胞死亡受体配体1(PD-L1)免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移的疗效和安全性,探讨免疫单药治疗时机和应用激素对ICI疗效的影响。方法通过检索中国知网、万方数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、PubMed、CBM、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science数据库文献,确定纳入接受ICI治疗的晚期NSCLC脑转移患者,包括采用激素治疗或经颅脑手术或放疗的有症状的脑转移患者。对收集的数据进行Meta分析,评估全身系统客观反应率(sORR)和颅内肿瘤客观反应率(iORR)、ICI单药是否一线治疗的iORR以及是否应用激素的iORR,同时收集不良反应发生情况。结果最终纳入15项研究,患者共4 033例,其中脑转移917例。单药免疫治疗iORR为26%(95% CI 19%~34%),sORR为28%(95% CI 18%~40%)。免疫单药一线治疗iORR为49%(95% CI 39%~58%)。有症状接受激素治疗和无症状未接受激素治疗患者的iORR分别是26%(95% CI 20%~33%)和19%(95% CI 16%~22%)。总体3~4级不良反应的发生率为14%(95% CI 11%~17%)。结论ICI单药一线治疗PD-L1阳性NSCLC脑转移的疗效优于其后线治疗,激素的应用未影响ICI疗效;ICI单药治疗晚期NSCLC脑转移安全性较好。

  • 标签: 癌,非小细胞肺 脑肿瘤 肿瘤转移 免疫检查点抑制剂 Meta分析
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  • 简介:摘要目的评价利妥昔单抗(RTX)与环磷酰胺/硫唑嘌呤(CYC/AZA)在治疗ANCA相关性血管炎(AAV)中的有效性和安全性。方法确定检索策略、文献的纳入与筛选原则,分别检索Pubmed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库中关于RTX与CYC/AZA治疗AAV的随机对照研究,试验组为RTX治疗AAV,对照组为CYC/AZA治疗AAV。检索时间跨度为2000年1月至2021年6月,所得数据采用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇文献,4项研究,合计384例患者,其中试验组203例,对照组181例。在AAV的整体治疗中,RTX与CYC/AZA治疗AAV的终点缓解率比较差异有统计学意义,RTX组终点缓解率较高[OR值(95%CI)=1.58(1.03,2.40),P=0.03]。对不同分型的AAV的终点缓解率差异进行比较,RTX与CYC/AZA对于治疗肉芽肿性多血管炎、显微镜下多血管炎、嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎、蛋白酶3相关性血管炎、髓过氧化物酶相关性血管炎患者的终点缓解率的差异上无统计学意义。RTX组粒细胞减少症发生率明显低于CYC/AZA组,且能减少其他严重不良反应发生率。结论在诱导缓解阶段,RTX对于各种不同类型的AAV均具有不劣于CYC的终点缓解率。在维持治疗阶段,RTX具有更高的终点缓解率和更低的远期复发率。而在整个治疗过程中,使用RTX的患者较不使用RTX的患者具有较高的远期缓解率,并可有效减少症粒细胞减少等不良反应的发生。

  • 标签: 抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体相关性血管炎 利妥昔单抗 环磷酰胺 硫唑嘌呤 随机对照
  • 简介:摘要目的系统评价儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)患儿中NUDT15基因c.415>C位点多态性与化疗中6-巯基嘌呤(6-mercaptopurine,6-MP)毒性的相关性。方法系统检索国内外相关数据库:PubMed、EmBase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库以及万方数据库,语种限定为中文或英文。纳入符合6-MP治疗儿童ALL关于NUDT15基因c.415>C位点多态性相关毒性的病例对照研究或队列研究,检索时限均为从建库起至2020年10月1日。由两名研究者独立筛选文献,对符合纳入标准的文献进行资料数据提取,并评价纳入研究的文献质量后,应用Rev Man 5.3和Stata12.0软件对不同遗传模型下NUDT15基因c.415>C位点多态性与6-MP化疗过程中毒性的相关性进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入9项研究,8项为队列研究,1项为病例对照研究,共1 068例患儿。Meta分析结果表明,在五种遗传模型下NUDT15基因c.415>C位点突变型与白细胞减少及中性粒细胞减少的发生风险均存在显著关联(P均<0.01),而与肝功能损害的发生风险均无显著关联(P均>0.05)。结论NUDT15基因c.415>C位点突变型显著增加了6-MP化疗时白细胞减少及中性粒细胞减少的发生率,但对肝功能损害的发生无明显影响。

  • 标签: 儿童 急性淋巴细胞白血病 NUDT15 6-巯基嘌呤 基因多态性 Meta分析
  • 简介:摘要目的评价奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)治疗慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRSwNP)的有效性和安全性,为指导未来omalizumab治疗CRSwNP的研究提供有力证据。设计系统性综述和meta分析。数据来源2020年10月13日在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library数据库进行全面文献检索。入组标准Omalizumab与安慰剂相比较的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials, RCTs),治疗成人CRSwNP患者,疗程不少于16周。数据提取与合成两位作者筛选检索结果、提取数据和使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评估研究风险。数据采用逆方差法进行汇总,以95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)的均数差(mean differences, MDs)表示。采用Chi2检验和I2统计量评估研究的异质性。结果筛选出4项随机对照试验,共303人。比较omalizumab与安慰剂,鼻息肉评分(Nasal Polyps Score;MD= -1.20;95%CI, -1.48~-0.92)、鼻塞评分(Nasal Congestion Score;MD= -0.67;95%CI, -0.86~-0.48),鼻腔鼻窦结局测试22条评分(Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 Score;MD= -15.62; 95%CI, -19.79~-11.45)、总鼻部症状评分(Total Nasal Symptom Score; MD= -1.84; 95%CI, -2.43~-1.25)和手术需求降低[风险比(risk ratio, RR)= 5.61;95%CI, 1.99~15.81]均存在显著差异。此外,在严重不良事件(RR= 1.40;95%CI, 0.29~6.80)、不良事件(RR= 0.83;95%CI, 0.60~1.15)和补救性全身性糖皮质激素(RR= 0.52;95%CI, 0.17~1.61)均不存在差异。结论本研究是omalizumab治疗CRSwNP领域首个meta分析,明确了omalizumab显著改善成人中重度鼻息肉患者内镜、临床症状和自我报告结果,而且该药安全性好。PROSPERO注册号CRD42020207639。

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  • 简介:摘要ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) on reducing lower limb post-stroke spasticity in adults.MethodsA systematic electronic search of PubMed/ MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and search engine of Google Scholar was performed. Publications that ranged from January 2010 to August 2020, published in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian language and available as full texts were eligible for inclusion and they were searched without any restrictions of country. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Two authors screened the references, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome was spasticity grade mainly assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Secondary outcomes were passive range of motion (PROM), pain intensity, electrophysiological parameters, gait assessment, and adverse events.ResultsA total of seven recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, and a beneficial effect on spasticity was found. The high level of evidence presented in this paper showed that ESWT ameliorates spasticity considering the parameters: MAS: standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.53; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): (0.07-0.99); Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS): SMD=0.56; 95% CI: (0.01-1.12); Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): SMD=0.35; 95% CI: (-0.21-0.91); PROM: SMD=0.69; 95% CI: (0.20-1.19).ConclusionsESWT presented long-term efficacy on lower limb post-stroke spasticity, reduced pain intensity, and increased range of motion. The effect of this novel and non-invasive therapy was significant and the intervention did not present adverse events, proving a satisfactory safety profile.

  • 标签: extracorporeal shock wave therapy hemiplegia neurological rehabilitation spasticity stroke
  • 简介:摘要目的系统评价基于奥妥珠单抗和基于利妥昔单抗的方案治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(B-NHL)的有效性和安全性。方法检索Cochrane临床对照试验资料库、PubMed、Embase、美国血液学会年会会议录、美国临床肿瘤学会年会会议录以及ClinicalTrials数据库中应用含奥妥珠单抗或利妥昔单抗方案治疗B-NHL的相关研究,依据用药情况将患者分为奥妥珠单抗组和利妥昔单抗组。应用Review Manager 5.3软件比较两组的疗效和安全性。结果共纳入7项随机对照试验,包括4 235例患者(滤泡淋巴瘤1 430例,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤2 102例,其他B-NHL患者703例),奥妥珠单抗组和利妥昔单抗组分别有2 121例和2 114例。在可评价的4 162例患者中,奥妥珠单抗组患者客观缓解率(ORR)高于利妥昔单抗组[75.1%(1 565/2 083)比72.7%(1 512/2 079);OR=1.19,95% CI 1.01~1.41,P=0.03]。奥妥珠单抗组患者无进展生存(PFS)优于利妥昔单抗组(HR=0.86,95% CI 0.75~0.99,P=0.03)。在可评估不良反应的3 542例患者中,奥妥珠单抗组3~4级不良反应发生率高于利妥昔单抗组[61.8%(1 098/1 776)比54.2%(958/1 766);OR=1.50,95% CI 1.29~1.74,P<0.001],其中奥妥珠单抗组3~4级输液相关不良反应发生率[7.5%(158/1 776)比3.1%(65/1 766);OR=2.56,95% CI 1.91~3.45,P<0.001]和中性粒细胞减少发生率[34.1%(597/1 749)比29.4%(511/1 738);OR=1.27,95% CI 1.09~1.47,P=0.002]均高于利妥昔单抗组。结论应用基于奥妥珠单抗方案治疗的B-NHL患者ORR和PFS均优于基于利妥昔单抗方案治疗的患者,但在选择方案时应考虑不良反应的影响。

  • 标签: 淋巴瘤,非霍奇金 奥妥珠单抗 利妥昔单抗 治疗结果 不良反应
  • 简介:摘要目的系统评价细针穿刺洗脱液测定甲状腺球蛋白(FNA-Tg)和细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)对甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库等数据库中2016年1月至2020年12月以病理组织诊断为金标准对比分析FNA-Tg和FNAC诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的诊断试验。根据Cochrane协作网筛选与诊断试验方法组推荐的诊断试验纳入标准筛选文献,对纳入文献进行质量评价和特征信息提取。应用Review Manager 5.0、MetaDiSc软件进行Meta分析,并绘制两种方法诊断淋巴结转移的汇总受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线,获得曲线下面积,判断诊断效能。结果共纳入19篇文献,涉及2 792枚颈部淋巴结。FNAC和FNA-Tg诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的灵敏度分别为0.80(95% CI 0.78~0.81)和0.92(95% CI 0.91~0.93),特异度分别为0.93(95% CI 0.92~0.95)和0.91(95% CI 0.89~0.93),诊断比值比分别为51.55(95% CI 38.61~68.81)和110.03(95% CI 82.18~147.32),SROC曲线下面积分别为0.900和0.968。结论FNA-Tg对甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移诊断的准确性高于FNAC,FNA-Tg是FNAC诊断的一个重要补充,建议广泛应用于临床。

  • 标签: 甲状腺肿瘤 癌,乳头状 淋巴转移 活组织检查,细针
  • 简介:AbstractBackground:Percutaneous local tumor ablation (LTA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have been regarded as viable treatments for early-stage lung cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of LTA with SBRT for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Ovid, Google scholar, CNKI, and CBMdisc were searched to identify potential eligible studies comparing the efficacy and safety of LTA with SBRT for early-stage NSCLC published between January 1, 1991, and May 31, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to estimate the effect size for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional progression (LP), and adverse events.Results:Five studies with 22,231 patients were enrolled, including 1443 patients in the LTA group and 20,788 patients in the SBRT group. The results showed that SBRT was not superior to LTA for OS (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.87-1.22, P = 0.71). Similar results were observed for PFS (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.71-1.67, P = 0.71) and LP (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.25-1.77, P = 0.70). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled HR for OS favored SBRT in patients with tumors sized >2 cm (HR= 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14-1.53, P = 0.0003), whereas there was no significant difference in patients with tumors sized ≤2 cm (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.64-1.35, P = 0.70). Moreover, no significant differences were observed for the incidence of severe adverse events (≥grade 3) (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 0.63-6.07, P = 0.25) between the LTA group and SBRT group.Conclusions:Compared with SBRT, LTA appears to have similar OS, PFS, and LP. However, for tumors >2 cm, SBRT is superior to LTA in OS. Prospective randomized controlled trials are required to determine such findings.INPLASY Registration Number:INPLASY202160099

  • 标签: Stereotactic body radiotherapy Percutaneous local tumor ablation Lung cancer
  • 简介:摘要目的通过网状Meta分析确定内皮素受体拮抗剂联合5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂治疗动脉性肺动脉高压(PAH)的有效性和安全性。方法使用标准检索式[(“Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension”OR“PAH”)AND(“Bosentan”OR“Ambrisentan”OR“Macitentan”OR“Sildenafil”OR“Tadalafil”)]检索PubMed和Cochrane Library数据库;使用检索词“肺动脉高压”“波生坦”“安立生坦”“马西腾坦”“西地那非”“他达拉非”检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据和维普等中文数据库。检索时间截至2021年2月12日。阅读所有文献筛选纳入比较3种内皮素受体拮抗剂和2种5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂以及联合治疗方案治疗动脉性肺动脉高压的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。以随访12~16周6 min步行距离作为主要结果指标,病死率、临床恶化率、WHO心功能提升、不良事件(AE)和严重不良事件(SAE)作为关键的次要结果指标。使用STATA 16.0软件进行网状Meta分析,合并估计结果的优势比(OR)或加权平均差(WMD)和95%置信区间(CI)。使用累积排名曲线下面积(SUCRA)来计算各干预项的概率,帮助解释OR或WMD。结果共纳入29篇文献,包含5 949例PAH患者。网状Meta分析结果显示,在改善6 min步行距离方面,与安慰剂比较,波生坦+西地那非提升最大(WMD=53.93,95%CI:6.19~101.66),其次为波生坦+他达拉非(WMD=50.84,95%CI:7.05~94.62),安立生坦+他达拉非(WMD=46.67,95%CI:15.88~77.45),波生坦(WMD=29.44,95%CI:5.86~53.02),安立生坦(WMD=23.90,95%CI:0.31~47.48),马西腾坦(WMD=21.57,95%CI:2.45~40.69)。不同干预措施对提高动脉性肺动脉高压患者6 min步行距离的效果,根据SUCRA排序依次为:波生坦+西地那非(82.9%)>波生坦+他达拉非(78.4%)>安立生坦+他达拉非(77.1%)>波生坦(49.2%)>西地那非(48.5%)>安立生坦(40.3%)>马西腾坦(37.3%)>他达拉非(33.0%)>安慰剂(3.3%)。在提高WHO心功能分级方面,与安慰剂相比,西地那非最优(OR=2.90,95%CI:1.04~8.08),其次为波生坦(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.15-4.04),其余差异均无统计学意义。在降低临床恶化率方面,相较于安慰剂,波生坦+他达拉非最优(OR=0.08,95%CI:0.01~0.49),其次依次为波生坦(OR=0.20,95%CI:0.11~0.38),波生坦+西地那非(OR=0.21,95%CI:0.09~0.46),安立生坦+他达拉非(OR=0.27,95%CI:0.15~0.50),西地那非(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.17~0.66),他达拉非(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.21~0.90)。在不良事件发生率与严重不良事件发生率方面,所有干预措施与安慰剂相比差异均无统计学意义。在病死率方面,安立生坦(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.11~0.74)在统计学上优于安慰剂,其余差异均无统计学意义。结论内皮素受体拮抗剂与5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂联合治疗方案在短期改善运动功能方面均表现较好。并且在安全性方面,与单药治疗并无明显差异。然而,未来在选择治疗方案时,应该根据患者的个体化情况以及患者的需求进行选择。

  • 标签: 动脉性肺动脉高压 网状Meta 内皮素受体拮抗剂 5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂