简介:AbstractObjective:Scoping review of published literature to establish clinical characteristics and audiologic outcomes in patients diagnosed with Susac’s Syndrome(SS) who have undergone cochlear implantation (CI).Data sources:All published studies of CI in SS and contribution of two of our own patients who have not been reported previously.Methods:A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (via PubMed) was carried out in March 2020 using the following keywords and related entry terms: Susac’s Syndrome, Cochlear Implantation. Results: Our search identified a total of five case reports of CI in SS. With the addition of our two patients reported here, we analyzed characteristics and outcomes in seven patients. Mean age at implantation was 30 years old (range 19-46), with six women and one man implanted. Mean time from onset of hearing loss to implantation was 17 months (range three months to four years). Best reported postoperative speech understanding was reported via different metrics, with six of seven patients achieving open set speech scores of 90% or better, and one subject performing at 68%. Vestibular symptoms were present preoperatively in four of seven patients (57%), with vestibular testing reported in two patients, and showing vestibulopathy in one patient. No complications were reported following cochlear implantation.Conclusion:Cochlear implantation is a viable option for hearing rehabilitation in patients with SS, with levels of attainment of open set speech comparable to other populations of CI candidates.
简介:摘要目的探讨完全后腹腔镜经膀胱外途径规范化直视下(P.R.E.S.S.)膀胱袖套状切除术的操作要点和疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年8月至2020年12月收治的95例上尿路尿路上皮癌(UTUC)患者的病例资料,分别为海军军医大学长征医院30例,北京大学第一医院21例,烟台毓璜顶医院20例,大连医科大学附属第二医院21例,东部战区总医院3例。男57例,女38例。平均年龄(67.7±10.0)岁。中位肿瘤最大径3.0 cm。95例均行单次体位全程后腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除联合P.R.E.S.S.技术膀胱袖套状切除术,根据术者手术习惯和经验分别采用四孔法(36例)和五孔法(59例)套管布局完成手术。四孔法组和五孔法组的年龄[(66.3±11.2)岁与(68.6±9.1)岁]、性别(男/女:25/11例与32/27例)、体质指数[(25.0±3.0)kg/m2与(24.8±3.4)kg/m2]、肿瘤最大径[2.8(1.6,3.5)cm与3.0(2.0,4.0)cm]、肿瘤侧别(左/右:19/17例与34/25例)、临床分期(T1~2/T3~4/Tis期:25/10/4例与49/10/0例)、多灶性肿瘤(3例与2例)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术侧合并肾积水(13例与39例,P=0.004)、肿瘤位置(肾盂肾盏及上段输尿管/中段输尿管/下段输尿管:23/9/4例与35/4/20例,P=0.005)的差异均有统计学意义。术中行P.R.E.S.S.技术膀胱袖套状切除时,以脐动脉索为解剖标志,扩大输尿管周围的盆底侧方腹膜外间隙,切开膀胱壁后形成气膀胱效应,进行充分的膀胱袖套状切除和确切的膀胱袖口关闭。记录围手术期临床指标及随访结果。比较四孔法组和五孔法组的相关临床指标,分析套管布局方式对手术操作的影响。结果本研究95例中,91例(95.8%)采用P.R.E.S.S.技术完成膀胱袖套状切除;1例(1.1%)因出血中转开放手术;3例(3.1%)因局部空间显露困难,仅以Hem-o-lok夹闭输尿管远端完成手术。手术时间中位值180(125,230)min。术中估计出血量中位值100(50,100)ml。总体并发症发生率10.5%(10/95),其中术中并发症2例(2.1%)均为出血,1例术中输血400 ml,1例中转开放手术,未输血;术后并发症8例(8.4%),其中Clavien-DindoⅡ级7例[继发出血3例,药物过敏、急性肾功能减退(血肌酐490 μmol/L)、肺部感染及淋巴漏各1例],Ⅲa级1例(肠梗阻,局麻下置入肠梗阻导管),患者经对症治疗后均顺利出院。四孔法组和五孔法组在手术中转率[8.3%(3/36)与1.7%(1/59)]、术中估计出血量(100 ml与60 ml)、术中淋巴结清扫率[25.0%(9/36)与20.3%(12/59)]、P.R.E.S.S.技术膀胱袖套状切除成功率[91.7%(33/36)与98.3%(58/59)]、并发症发生率[13.8%(5/36)与8.5%(5/59)]、肿瘤病理分期(pT1~2/pT3~4/pTis期:22/11/3例与37/19/3例)以及复发转移比例[8.3%(3/36)与3.4%(2/59)]方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在手术时间(190 min与170 min,P=0.011)和术后住院时间(5 d与6 d,P=0.005)方面差异均有统计学意义。结论P.R.E.S.S.技术通过建立扩大的盆底侧方腹膜外间隙和气膀胱效应,以脐动脉索为解剖标志,可直视下确切地行膀胱袖套状切除术,用于单次体位完全后腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术安全、可行。五孔法布局较四孔法布局更适用于下段输尿管肿瘤患者,但可能延长术后住院时间。
简介:摘要:函数知识始终是初中数学教学的重点,且贯通至学生数学学习的整个过程。对刚开始接触函数学习的初中学生而言,其如果能以更为科学的方式方法突破函数学习困境,初中数学学习中涉及函数领域的诸多困惑、问题、疑难自会迎刃而解,数学核心素养的培养自会逐步实现。因此,教师应以学生在函数学习中存在的困境、难点、挑战为参考,加强对函数概念的分析、函数图像的借助、函数表达式的利用,并根据学生对函数内涵的理解,引入更为丰富、多元、生动的教学资源与措施,帮助学生在深度实践与积极思考中走出函数学习困境,获得对于函数学习问题的逐个突破,构建起更为完备的认知体系,实现对其数学核心素养的塑造。
简介:AbstractBackground:Meniere’s disease (MD) is an idiopathic disorder of the inner ear, which manifests as cochleo-vestibular dysfunction. Hearing loss will progress to a profound levelin a subset of patients with MD, and vestibular interventions can independently cause loss of hearing. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published literature describing the safety and efficacy of CI in patients with MD.Materials and methods:A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance PRISMA guidelines to identify articles that assessed at least one functional outcome in patients with MD who underwent CI. Demographic information, disease history, MD symptoms, outcomes measures, and complications related to CI were extracted from included studies.Results:In total, 17 studies were included, and 182 patients with MD underwent CI. The weighted-mean age was 61.9 years (range 27-85). Study objective and methodology varied, and there was significant heterogeneity in CI outcome measures reported. In total, 179 (98.3%) of 182 patients reported objective improvements in at least one hearing metric after CI. A total of 69 patients (37.9%) reported vertigo or severe dizziness prior to CI, compared to 22 patients (15.4%) postoperatively. Two studies reported significant reductions in postoperative Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score (THI). Quality of life assessments varied between studies. Complications rates were low with only nine patients (4.9%) reporting a serious CI-related complication.Conclusions:This systematic review evaluated 17 studies describing the safety and efficacy of CI in patients with MD and encountered many challenges due to small sample sizes, and heterogeneity in study design and outcomes measured. Despite these limitations, this study of 182 patients is to the best of our knowledge the largest systematic review evaluating the safety and efficacy of CI in MD. The results of this study support the need for a standardized approach to evaluating outcomes of CI in patients with MD in future studies.